Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction in Multiphase Systems: Volume I: Two-Phase Systems. Volume II: Three-Phase Systems

1079 Pages·1983·30.51 MB·English

by  Erdogan Alper (auth.)

Mass Transfer Chemical Reaction in
w~h
Multiphase Systems
Volume I: Two-Phase Systems
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A sefles presentmg the results of actIVItIes sponsored by the NATO SCIence
CommIttee. whIch alms at the dlssemmatlon of advanced sCIentifIC and technologIcal
knowledge. wIth a VIew to strengthenmg ImkS between SCIentific communitIes
The series is published by an Internahonal board of publishers In conjunction with
NATO SClenhfic Affairs DIVISion
A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporahon
B Physics London and New York
C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company
Physical Sciences Dordrecht and Boston
0 Behavioural and Martlnus NiJhoff Publishers
Social Sciences The Hague/Boston/Lancaster
E Applied Scie ,ces
F Computer and Springer Verlag
Systems Sciences Berlin/Heldelberg/New York
G Ecological Sciences
Series E: Applied Sciences - No. 72
Mass Transfer with Chemical
Reaction in Multiphase Systems
Volume I: Two-Phase Systems
edited by
Erdogan Alper, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Cantab)
Professor of Chemical Engineering
University of Ankara. Besevler. Ankara. Turkey
Anadolu University. Eskl~hir. Turkey
1983 Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction in Multiphase Systems,
Cesme- izmir, Turkey, August 10- 21. 1981
Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng In Publlcatlon Data
NATO Advanced Study Inatitute on Maae Tranafer vith
Che.ical Reaction in Multiphaee Syete.a (1981 :
Cefee, Turkey)
~ •• transfer vith ch~ical reaction in •ultiphaae
ayat~e.
(NATO ASI aerlee. Seriee E, Applied aciencea ;
no. 72-13)
MPubliahed in cooperation vith NATO Scientific
Affaire Diviaion.M
MProceedinsa of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Mase Transfer vith Che.ical Reaction in Multiphaee
Syateaa, yef.e--Izmir, Turkey, August 10-21, 1981"--T.p.
vereo.
Includea bibliographical referencea.
Contenta: v. 1. Two-phaee ayateee -- v. 2. Three
-phaae ayat~a.
1. Masa tranafer--Congreaaea. 2. Chemical reactiona
--Congreaaea. I. Alper, Erdofan. II. North Atlantic
Treaty Or&&nization. Scientific Affaira Diviaion.
III. title. IV. Seriea: NATO advanced acience inatitutes
aeriea. Seriea E, Applied aciencea ; no. 72-73.
TP156.M)N38 1981 66o.2'8423 83-13285
ISBN 978-94-015-8902-8 ISBN 978-94-015-8900-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-6900-2
Ali rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwlse, without the prior written permission of the
publishers, Springer-sdence+Business Media, B.V.
Copyright © 1983 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague in 1983
Softcover re print of the hardcover 1s t edition 1983
v
NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE
on
"MASS TRANSFER WITH CHEMICAL REACTION
IN ~lULTIPHASE SYSTEr~S"
DIRECTOR
E. Alper Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Sciences,
Ankara University, Be~evler,Ankara,Turkey,
SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR
w. -D. Deckwer Institut fur Technische Chemie,
Universitaet Hannover,
D -3000 Hannover 1, F.R.Germany.
HONORARY SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS
P. V. Danckwerts Chemical Engineering Department,
University of Cambridge,
Pembroke Street,Cambridge,England.
M.M.Sharma Department of Chemical Technology,
University of Bombay,
Matunga Road,Bombay,India.
LECTURERS
VI
E. Alper Department of Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Sciences,
Ankara University,Be~evler,Ankara,Turkey.
Istituto di orincipi di Inp.egneria Chimica,
G.Astarita
Piazzale Tecchio,
80125 Napoli.Italia.
CNRS,Laboratoire des Sciences du Genie
J.C.Charpentier
Chimique,
1, rue grandville,
54042 Nancy Cedex,France.
Institut far Technische Chemie,
W. -D. Deckwer
Universitaet Hannover.
D -3000 Hannover 1, F.R.Germany,
A.Germain Universit~ de Liege,
Facult~ des Sciences Appliqu~es,
Chimie Industrielle,
Le Rue A.Stevart,2
B -4000 Li~ge,Be18ique.
Technisch-Chemisches Laboratorium
S.Hartland
ETH - Zentrum
eH -M09~ Zurich, Switzerland.
H.Hofmann Institut fUr Technische Chemie,
Er,erlandstrasse 3,
d -8250 Erlangen,
F.R,Germany.
G.A.L'Homme Universit~ de Li~ge,
Laboratoire de G~nie Chimique,
Institut de Chimie-H~tallurgie,
2, rue A.Stevart,
B -4000 Li~ge,Belp.ique.
UHIST,The University of lmnchester,
R. Afann
PO Box 38, l'anches ter t1 60 lQD
England.
H.Sawistowski Imperial Coller,e of Science and Technology,
Department of Chemical Enp,ineerinp.,
London SW7 2BV, England.
K. Schiiger1 Institut fur Technische Chemie
Univesitaet Hannover,
D -3000 Hannover,F.R.Germany.
Y.T. Shah University of Pittsburgh,
School of Engineering,
Chemical and Petroleum En~ineering,
1249 BenedUM Hall,Pittsburgh,
P.A. 15261, U.S.A.
VII
PP.EFACE
The phenomenon of "mass transfer with chemical reaction"
takes place whenever one phase is brought into contact with one
or more other phases not in chemical with it. This
e~ui1ibrium
phenomenon has industrial, bio10qica1 and importance.
physio10~ica1
In chemical process it is encountered in both separ
engineerin~,
ation processes and reaction engineering. In some cases, a
chemical reaction may deliberately be for speeding up the
e~p10yed
rate of mass transfer and/or for increasing the capacity of the
solvent; in other cases the Mu1tiphase reaction is a part
syste~
of the process \',i th the specific aim of nroduct formation.
Finally, in some cases, for instance "distillation \.,ith chemical
reaction", both objectives are involved. Although the subject is
clearly a chemical enqineering undettakinn, it requires often a
good understanding of other subjects, such as chemistry and fluid
mechanics etc., to publications in diversified areas. On
1eadin~
the other hard, the subject has been a major field and one
~lways
of the most fruitful for engineers.
~hemica1
It is for these reasons that the editor decided to
organi~e
a NATO Advanced Study Insti tute coveri n9 all aspects, with the
ultir:late aim of an overvi2\'1 of the 1andscane to identify features
that provide orientation. After discussions "lith Professors
~an~'
\/.-0. Deck\'/er, P.V. Danck\'/erts, C. Hanson and tLM. Sharma, it \'/as
decided to limit the ASI to (1) (2) liquid-liquid, and
9as-1i~uid,
(3) systems. Thus, the only really important
gas-1i~uid-so1id
area left out was fluid-solid systems, part of which was however
dealt with in another NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Analysis
of Fluid-Solid Catalytic Systems" under the directorship of Prof.
r..F. Froment. The ori9inally planned date for the Institute had
to be postponed for one year in order to prevent a clash with
another NATO Advanced Study Institute.
This two-volume book consists entirely of the proceedings
of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, which was held in Cesme,
Izmir, Turkey during August 10-22, 1981. It includes review
lectures of the eminent scientists as presented during the
Institute. Although every attempt was made by director/
th~
editor, it was not a1tooether nossib1e to realise absolute unifor
mity as these reviews were written in a relatively short time by
authors who did not have the chance of coming together to
~rior
the meeting. During the Institute, some short original contri
butions were also presented by interested participants on areas
closely related to the invited reviews.
Due to the large amount of material, these Proceedings are
divided into blo volumes. The first volume includes the (lenera1
introductory reviews involving the mathematical lay-out, physico-
VIII
chemical data, reaction kinetics and transport data, gas-liquid
and liquid-liquid systems, and systems. The second
bioche~ical
volume is devoted entirely to the three-~hase system and its
application to coal technology and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
Special features of this Institute reflected fully in these
Proceedings, are the treatments of biolooical reactions,
facilitated transport, reactive distillation, solvent extraction
of metals and some related aspects of coal utilisation.
Here, I ~lOuld very much like to compliment and thank all
lecturers not only for their very clear oral and \'/ritten contri
butions but also for wholeheartedly supporting the Institute. I
feel particularly obliged to make a special acknOl'iledgement to
Prof. H. -D. Dec k\'ier, who involved from the very beginning to
~/as
the very end, to Professors P.V. Danck\'/erts 3nd t1.t1. Sharma who
contributed immensely to the scientific organisation, and to Prof.
Sharma \·/ho was also very kind in material prior to
r~.r1. providin~
publication.
I would also like to thunk all participants for their con
tributions to the Advanced Study Institute. Indeed, it was their
active participation which brought a real sense of satisfaction
to the director/editor.
I exnress, of course above all, my deenest to the
~ratitude
Scientific Affairs Divisicn of NATO and their officers, in
particular Dr. M. di Lullo and Mr. Sudarskis, who not only
~.
almost entirely sUP!1orted the Institute financially, but also
helped a local objective of mine, i.e. promoting scientific
affairs of Turkish chemical engineers. I gratefully acknowledge
also the financial contributions of the Turkish Scientific and
Technological Research Council and the Ankara Office of the
Briti sh Council.
I \·muld also like to thank my assistants and co-workers at
various universities in Turkey for doing many tedious chores, and
to thank Mrs. Bilge Goksidan for the drawings.
Last, but by no means least, my efforts in organisinq this
ASI could not have succeeded without the patience and thp under
standing of my wife, Ayse, and our Gizem, who have on
dau~hter,
too many occasions been neglected during last two years; for
th~
their co-operation and inspiration I am particularly grateful.
Anka ra, Turkey ErmOGAN ALPER
IX
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Volume I
LECTUREHS VI
PHErACE VII
E. ALPER
Introduction to Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction
Operations (with Heavy Emphasis on Gas-Liquid Systems)
G. ASTAR ITA
General Mathematical Layout of Mult iphase Systems 17
G. ASTARITA
Chemical Desorption 37
B.I. MORSI and J.C. CHARPENTIER
Review of Obtaining and Estimation Methods of Physico
Chemical and Related Data: Part 1 - Solubil ities and
Diffusivit ies of Gases in Liquids 53
B.I. MORSI and J.C. CHARPENTIER
Review of Obtaining and Estimat ion Methods of Physico
Chemical and Related Data: Part 2 - Gas-Liquid Mass
Transfer Parameters. Measurement and Some Data in
Several Types of Reactors 101
R. MANN
Heat and Mass Transfer in Exothermic Gas Absorption 189
R. MANN
Absorption with Complex Reaction in Gas-Liquid Reactors 223
E. ALPER
Process Design Aspects of Gas Absorbers 291
J. ANDRIEU and J.M. SMITH
Gas-Liquid Rate Constant Heasurements by Chromatography 341
R. SICK, P. WEILAND and U. ONKEN
Determination of Gas-Liquid Hass Transfer by
Ox idat ion of Hydraz ine 351
P.M.H. BLAUWHOFF, G.J.B. ASSINK and W.P.H. VAN SWAAIJ
Simultaneous Hass Transfer of Two Gases with Complex
Reversible Reactions: An Example Being the Simultaneous
Absorption of H2S and CO2 into Aqueous Solutions 357