Masquerading symptoms : uncovering physical illnesses that present as psychological problems

610 Pages·2013·2.96 MB·English

by  Schildkrout

Masquerading
Symptoms

Masquerading
Symptoms
Uncovering Physical Illnesses
That Present as Psychological
Problems
B S
arBara childkrout
Cover image: © Beau Lark, Fancy/Jupiter Images
Cover design: Andrew Liefer
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Schildkrout, Barbara.
Masquerading symptoms: uncovering physical illnesses that present as psychological problems/Barbara
Schildkrout.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-89065-3 (pbk.)
ISBN 978-1-118-23487-7
ISBN 978-1-118-22101-3
1. Medicine, Psychosomatic. 2. Psychological manifestations of general diseases.
3. Sick—Psychology. 4. Consultation-liaison psychiatry. I. Title.
RC49.S3354 2013
616.08—dc23
2013017805
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Introduction xi
List of Diseases by Organ System or Disease Process xxv
I Signs and Symptoms 1
part
State of Consciousness 3
Delirium 7
Attention and Concentration 8
Mood, Affect, and Emotion 12
Thought Form 19
Thought Content and Experience of Reality 23
Delusional Thought Content 28
Hallucinations 31
Change in Personality or Behavior 34
Judgment 41
Insight 44
Dementia 46
Orientation 47
Memory 51
Speech and Language 55
OTHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS 64
Constructional Ability: Drawing, Copying,
Visuospatial Tasks 64
Fund of Knowledge 65
Calculation 66
Abstract Thinking 67
Executive Functions 69
v
vvii contents
General Physical Appearance 72
Motor Behavior 81
VEGETATIVE SYMPTOMS 97
Disturbances of Sleep 98
Disturbances of Energy Level 106
Disturbances of Eating Behavior and Weight 108
Disturbances of Sexual Functioning 112
Notable Physical Symptoms and Possible
Associated Diseases 114
II: The Diseases 119
part
Disease #1: Acromegaly 121
Disease #2: Acute Intermittent Porphyria
and Porphyria Variegata 127
Disease #3: Addison’s Disease 133
Disease #4: Alzheimer’s Disease 138
Disease #5: Arsenic Poisoning 145
Disease #6: Brain Tumors 150
Disease #7: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 157
Exposure to High Levels of Carbon Monoxide 157
Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Carbon Monoxide 157
Late-Appearing Neuropsychological Symptoms 157
Long-Term Disabilities from Carbon Monoxide
Poisoning 157
Disease #8: Charles Bonnet Syndrome 166
Disease #9: Chronic Subdural Hematoma 167
Disease #10: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy 171
Disease #11: Circadian Rhythm Disorders 172
Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome 172
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome 172
Irregular Sleep/Wake Pattern (Free Running) 172
Non-24-Hour Sleep/Wake Disorder 172
Disease #12: Corticobasal Degeneration 177
Disease #13: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 178
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies 178
Disease #14: Cushing’s Syndrome 184
Disease #15: Dementia with Lewy Bodies 189
contents vii
Disease #16: Frontotemporal Dementia 195
Pick’s Disease 195
Semantic Dementia 195
Progressive Nonfluent Aphasia 195
Frontotemporal Dementia with Motor Neuron
Disease 195
Disease #17: Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy 202
Disease #18: Hepatic Encephalopathy 204
Disease #19: HIV/AIDS (Infection with the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus) 210
Disease #20: Huntington’s Disease 216
Disease #21: Hyperparathyroidism, Primary
(Including Hypercalcemia) 225
Disease #22: Hypersomnia, Idiopathic 229
Disease #23: Hypersomnia, Recurrent 232
Kleine-Levin Syndrome 232
Menstruation-Related Hypersomnia 232
Disease #24: Hyperthyroidism 237
Disease #25: Hyperventilation Syndrome 244
Disease #26: Hypoglycemia 249
Disease #27: Hypoparathyroidism (Hypocalcemia) 255
Disease #28: Hypothyroidism 259
Disease #29: Hypoxia (Insufficient Oxygen Supply
to the Brain) 265
Hypoxic Brain Damage 265
Altitude Sickness 265
Disease #30: Lead Poisoning 270
Acute, High-Dose Exposure 270
Low-Level, Chronic Exposure 270
Subclinical Lead Poisoning 270
Disease #31: Limbic Encephalitis 277
Viral Encephalitis 277
Paraneoplastic Syndrome 277
Autoimmune Encephalitis 277
Disease #32: Lyme Disease 281
Disease #33: Manganese Toxicity 288
Disease #34: Mercury Poisoning 291
viii contents
Acute, High-Dose Exposure 291
Chronic, Low-Dose Exposure 291
Disease #35: Migraine 296
Headache 296
Cluster Headaches 296
Disease #36: Mitochondrial Disorders 304
Specific Syndromes: MELAS, MERRF, LHON,
MNGIE, KSS, NARP, Leigh Syndrome 304
Disease #37: Multiple Sclerosis 311
Disease #38: Multiple System Atrophy 318
Disease #39: Myasthenia Gravis 319
Disease #40: Narcolepsy 323
Narcolepsy with Cataplexy 323
Narcolepsy without Cataplexy 323
Secondary Narcolepsy 323
Disease #41: Neuro-BehÇet’s Syndrome 331
Disease #42: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 338
Disease #43: Nocturnal Eating: Night-Eating
Syndrome (NES) 343
Disease #44: Nocturnal Eating: Sleep-Related
Eating Disorder (SRED) 348
Disease #45: Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus 354
Disease #46: Pancreatic Cancer 362
Disease #47: Parasomnias: Sleepwalking and Night Terrors 366
Disease #48: Parkinson’s Disease 371
Disease #49: Partial Seizures 377
Disease #50: Pellagra 387
Nicotinic Acid Deficiency or Niacin Deficiency 387
Disease #51: Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep 392
Disease #52: Pheochromocytoma 395
Disease #53: Postconcussion Syndrome 400
Disease #54: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
and Premenstrual Syndrome 404
Disease #55: Primary Progressive Aphasia 409
Disease #56: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 410
Disease #57: REM Sleep Behavior Disorder 411
Disease #58: Restless Legs Syndrome 415
Disease #59: Sleep Apnea 418