Table Of ContentMDG-3
Masonr y
Designers(cid:146)
Guide
Third Edition
Based on
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
(ACI 530-99/ASCE 5-99/TMS 402-99)
and
Specification for Masonry Structures
(ACI 530.1-99/ASCE 6-99/TMS 602-99)
with
Illustrated Design Applications
MASONRY DESIGNERS' GUIDE
Third Edition
Based on
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
(ACI 530-99 / ASCE 5-99 / TMS 402-99)
and
Specifications for Masonry Structures
(ACI 530.1-99 / ASCE 6-99 / TMS 602-99)
with
Illustrated Design Applications
John H. Matthys, Editor
© 2001 The Masonry Society
All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any
means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or
mechanical device, printed, written or oral, recording for sound or visual reproduction or
for any use in any knowledge retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is
obtained from The Masonry Society.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN 1-929081-12-X
ehT yrnosaM 'srengiseD ediuG is not intended to teach a novice how to design or build
masonry structures, or to replace sound engineering knowledge, experience, and
judgement. The Guide should be used by professionals who are qualified to evaluate the
significance, limitations, and applicability of the information reported, and who will
accept the responsibility for its proper use. The publishers and editor disclaim any and
all responsibility for the application of the information.
While all reasonable efforts were made to ensure the information contained here in is
accurate, the publishers and editor are not responsible for any errors or omissions this
Guide may contain. To assist with future editions of this Guide, The Masonry Society
would appreciate the reader bringing to our attention any errors or inconsistencies found.
Direct all correspondence to:
Masonry Designers' Guide
The Masonry Society
3970 Broadway, Suite 201-D
Boulder, Colorado 80304-1135
Phone: (303) 939-9700
Fax: (303) 541-9215
Email: [email protected]
F O R E W O R D
T h e purpose of the third edition of the Masonry address materials, testing, quality assurance, quality
Designers' Guide (MDG) is the same as that of control, and construction methods, with reference to
the first and second editions that were published specific provisions of the MSJC Code and Specification.
in 1993 and 1999 respectively- to assist those involved Subsequent chapters on design illustrate concepts and
in the design, construction, and regulation of masonry applications of Code provisions to the structural design
structures. The third edition was prepared to help users of masonry. There are 75 numerical example problems
apply the provisions of Building Code Requirements for included in a separate chapter on building design. A
Masonry Structures (ACI 530-99/ASCE 5-99/TMS 402- Code Reference Index and Specification Reference Index
99) and Specification for Masonry Structures (ACI correlate each discussion and design application example
530.1-99/ASCE 6-99/TMS 602-99). These two to a particular MSJC Code or Specification section. The
documents were updated from the 1995 Code and MDG third edition reflects new Code/Specification
Specification by the Masonry Standards Joint Committee material on prestressed masonry, adhered veneer, hot
(MSJC) which includes members of the American weather construction provisions and inspection and
Concrete Institute, the American Society of Civil quality assurance criteria. The seismic chapter includes a
Engineers, and The Masonry Society. historical development of seismic provisions for masonry
Emphasis in the MDG is on application of the two and shows how to apply the pseudo-strength method to
documents. Background information on the development design for seismic loads.
of the Code and Specification provisions is not The MDG third edition was developed by The
emphasized. For such information the reader is referred Masonry Society under the direction of John H. Matthys,
to Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Professor of Civil Engineering and Director of the
Masonry Structures (ACI 530-99/ASCE 5-99/TMS 402- Construction Research Center, The University of Texas
99) and Commentary on Specification for Masonry at Arlington. Professor Matthys provided guidance to
Structures (ACI 530.1-99/ASCE 6-99/TMS 602-99). individual authors/reviewers in development of all
For ease in referencing the documents described chapters and served as managing editor. The Masonry
above, an abbreviated notation is used in the MDG. Society staff assisted with word processing and graphics.
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures is The production/revision of Part I, General, was the
shortened to MSJC Code or Code. Specification or direct responsibility of John H. Matthys.
Spec. means Specification for Masonry Structures. Code The production/revision of Part II, Materials and
Commentary and Spec. Commentary refer to the Testing, and Part III, Construction, was the direct
respective commentaries. responsibility of an architectural/construction practices
The third edition of the MDG is a combined effort group chaired by Christine Beall.
of The Masonry Society (TMS) and the Council for The production/revision of Part IV, Design, was the
Masonry Research (CMR). TMS, the professional direct responsibility of a Masonry Design Brain Trust
society of the masonry industry, provided the masonry composed of consulting structural engineers and
expertise of its members to revise the second edition of academicians. The production/revision of Chapter ,71
the MDG. The CMR, a consortium of national trade Building Design, was the direct responsibility of the
masonry industry associations, had the financial Building Design Example Committee.
resources to fund the Guide's revision. The American The voluntary contributions of all primary authors
Concrete Institute published the MDG first and second and reviewers are recognized. Each section/chapter of
editions. The third edition of the MDG is published the finished Guide is a meshing of concepts of authors
independently by TMS. and numerous reviewers. In addition many of the
The updated MDG is a valuable reference for example problems were developed and refined by several
engineers, contractors, architects, inspectors, building authors.
code authorities, and educators. The initial chapters
.III o.
FOREWORD
AUTHORS/SECTIONS/CHAPTERS
Daniel P. Abrams - Professor of Civil Engineering, Design of the TMS Shopping Center, DPC
University of Illinois, Champalgn-Urbana, Illinois - Gymnasium and RCJ Hotel, Chapter 8 on Design
Sections 11.2 and 12.3 on Pilasters Methodology and Philosophy, and Section 6.5 on
Amde M. Amde - Professor of Civil Engineering, Quality Assurance/Quality Control Checklist
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland - Richard E. Klingner - Professor of Civil Engineering,
Section 11.3 on Beams and Lintels The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas -
Subhash C. Anand - Professor of Civil Engineering, Chapter 14 on Reinforcement and Connectors and
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina - Chapter 8 on Design Methodology and Philosophy
Section 9.0 Introduction and Section 9.3 on Local Robert J. Kudder - Raths, Paths, and Johnson, Inc.,
Load Distribution Willowbrook, Illinois - Section 5.4 on Testing
Jefferson W. Asher - KPFF Consulting Engineers, Inc., Walter Laska - Masonry Technologies, Downers Grove,
Santa Monica, California - Lateral Load Distribution Illinois - Reviewed Chapter 3 on Materials
and Computer Calculations for RCJ Hotel W. Mark McGinley Professor of Architectural
Christine Beall - Architect, McQueeny, Texas -Section Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University,
5.1 on Submittals, Section 6.1 on Preparation, Greensboro, North Carolina - Section 9.2 on Global
Section 7.1 on Hot Weather Construction, and Lateral Load Distribution
Section 7.2 on Cold Weather Construction, Don McMican - DGM Consultants, Overland Park,
Reviewed Chapter 4 on Testing and Chapter 7 on Kansas - Reviewed Chapter 5 on Quality
Hot & Cold Weather Construction Construction
David Biggs - Ryan Biggs Associates, Troy, New York W. Thomas Munsell - Munsell Associates, Inc.,
Section 8.7 on Prestressed Masonry, Prestressed Southfield, Michigan - Chapter 15 on Empirical
-
Masonry Example Problems Design
Russell H. Brown- Professor of Civil Engineering, Max Porter - Professor of Civil Engineering, Iowa State
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina - University, Ames, Iowa - Section 13.1 on Design for
Section 12.1 on Columns and Section 12.2 on Walls Shear in Masonry Components
Gerald A. Dalrymple - Whitlock Dalrymple Poston & Chester Smolenski - Consultant, Mary~ille, Pennsylvania
Associates, Manassas, Virginia - Section 3.4 on Hollow Glass Units and Glass Unit Masonry
-
Masonry and Chapter 10 on Movements Christine Subasic - C. Callista Subsic, Raleigh, N.C.
Howard L. Droz - Architect, Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, Reviewed Chapter 6 on Quality Control
Phoenix, Arizona - Section 6.3 on Tolerances John G. Tawresey - Vice President, KPFF Consulting
Harry A. Fine - Former Executive Director, Masonry Engineers Inc., Seattle, Washington - Development
Institute of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri - Section of TMS Shopping Center, DPC Gymnasium, and
5.2 on Sample Panels - Deceased 1992 RCJ Hotel - Section 11.0 Introduction and 11.1 on
Dave Gustafson - Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute, Walls, Section 12.0 Introduction, Section 13.0
Schaumburg, Illinois Section 3.5 on Metal Introduction, and Section 15.5 on Veneer
Connectors and Reinforcement Diane B. Throop - International Masonry Institute, Ann
Ahmad A. Hamid - Professor of Civil Engineering, Arbor, Michigan - Section 5.3 on Inspection and
Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Section 6.4 on Cleaning
Section 13.2 on Shear Walls Terence A. Weigel - Professor of Civil Engineering,
Edwin T. Huston - Smith & Huston Inc., Consulting University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky -
Engineers, Seattle, Washington Lateral Load Section 11.1 on Walls
Distribution - Hand Calculations for RCJ Hotel and A. Rhett Whitlock - Whitlock Dakrymple Poston &
Chapter 16 on Provisions for Seismic Design Associates, Manassas, Virginia - Section 3.4 on
Albert W. Isberner - Consultant, Portage, Wisconsin - Masonry and Chapter 10 on Movements
Chapter 3 on Materials, Chapter 4 on Testing and Gary L. Zwayer - Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates,
Section 5.5 on Compliance Northbrook, Illinois - Section 6.2 on Placement and
Rochelle C. Jaffe - Construction Technology Laboratory, Section 6.5 on Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Inc., Skokie, Illinois - Development and Basic Checklist
iv
FOREWORD
For the MDG third edition all numerical examples Edwin T. Huston - Smith & Huston Inc., Seattle,
were reviewed, revised, and expanded by a Building Washington
Design Example Committee in Chapter 71 on Building Rochelle C. Jaffe - Construction Technology Laboratory,
Design. The primary change was revision of numerical Inc. - Skokie, Illinois
values using new modulus of elasticity values for clay Richard E. Klingner - The University of Texas at Austin.
and concrete masonry from the 1999 MSJC Code. New Austin, Texas
examples on prestressed masonry were added. The John H. Matthys - The University of Texas at Arlington,
Building Design Example Committee consisted of: Arlington, Texas
Mark McGinley- North Carolina A&T State University,
David Biggs - Ryan Biggs Associates, Troy, New York Greensboro, North Carolina
Russell H. Brown - Clemson University, Clemson, South John G. Tawresey - KPFF Consulting Engineers Inc.,
Carolina Seattle, Washington
REVIEWS
A final technical review of the submitted draft of the The editor, his staff, and The Masonry Society staff
MDG third edition was conducted by the Technical were involved in the production of the Guide to camera
Activities Committee of TMS, and the Technical ready form, both hard copy and electronic disks. Special
Committee of CMR. thanks go to:
A final editorial review of the entire Guide was
conducted by an editorial committee of: Stephen Kitchens - B.S.C.E. - University of Texas at
Arlington
Rochelle C. Jaffe - Construction Technology Laboratory,
Inc., Skokie, Illinois
Richard E. Klingner - The University of Texas at Austin, The editor would like to extend a personal note of
Austin, Texas appreciation to all who participated in the process of
John H. Matthys - The University of Texas at Arlington, making the third edition of the Masonry Designers'
Arlington, Texas Guide a reality.
John H. Matthys, MDG Editor
Professor of Civil Engineering
Director of Construction Research Center
University of Texas at Arlington
V
THE MASONRY SOCIETY
The Masonry Society is an international gathering of people interested in the art and science of masonry.
Founded in 1977, it is a professional, technical, and educational non-profit association dedicated to the
advancement of the knowledge on masonry. TMS members are design engineers, architects, builders,
researchers, educators, building officials, material suppliers, manufacturers, and others who want to
contribute to and benefit from the global pool of knowledge on masonry. Membership in TMS is open to
anyone interested in the activities and goals of the Society.
TMS gathers and disseminates technical information through its committees, publications, codes and
standards, slide sets, videotapes, computer software, newsletter, refereed journal, educational programs,
professors' workshop, scholarships, certification programs, disaster investigation team, and conferences.
TMS encourages its members to get involved in TMS committee work in order to gain the contacts,
knowledge, and recognition needed to thrive in their professions, while at the same time contributing to the
benefit of the industry. Additional information on membership, publications, and programs of The
Masonry Society is available by calling 303-939-9700.
COUNCIL FOR MASONRY RESEARCH
The Council for Masonry Research was formed to fulfill the need for an organization to lead and assist in
the development of material and construction oriented research designed to increase and preserve markets
for masonry materials. The Council represents diverse interests from within the masonry industry.
Through its contributing members the Council has sponsored and actively participated in both industry and
federally funded research while also providing continuing technical support for research programs.
C O N T E N T S
PART I - GENERAL
FOREWORD ....................................................... iii
CONTENTS ....................................................... vii
CODE REFERENCE INDEX ........................................... xi
SPECIFICATION REFERENCE INDEX .................................. xv
lu INTRODUCTION ................................................... 1-1
2. NOTATION, DEFINITIONS, AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................... 2-1
PART II - MATERIALS AND TESTING
. MATERIALS
3.0 Introduction .............................................. 3-1
3.1 Units .................................................... 3-2
3.2 Mortar ................................................... 3-9
3.3 Grout ................................................... 3-12
3.4 Masonry ................................................ 3-13
3.5 Metal Connectors and Reinforcement ........................ 3-17
References ...................................................... 3-21
. TESTING
4.0 Introduction .............................................. 4-1
4.1 Materials Testing .......................................... 4-1
4.2 Assemblage Testing-Prisms ................................. 4-2
PART III - CONSTRUCTION
. QUALITY CONSTRUCTION
5.0 Introduction .............................................. 5-1
5.1 Submittals ............................................... 5-2
5.2 Sample Panels ............................................ 5-2
5.3 Inspection ................................................ 5-4
5.4 Testing .................................................. 5.5
5.5 Compliance ............................................. 5-10
References ...................................................... 5-10
. QUALITY CONTROL
6.0 Introduction .............................................. 6-1
6.1 Preparation ............................................... 6-1
vii
Contents
6.2 Placements ............................................... 6-8
6.3 Tolerances .............................................. 6-19
6.4 Cleaning ................................................ 6-22
6.5 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Checklist .................. 6-23
References ...................................................... 6-29
. HOT AND COLD WEATHER CONSTRUCTION
7.0 Introduction 7-1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1 Hot Weather Construction .................................. 7-1
7.2 Cold Weather Construction ................................. 7-3
Select Bibliography ................................................ 7-6
PART IV - DESIGN
. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY
8.0 What is Masonry .......................................... 8-1
8.1 Characteristics of Masonry .................................. 8-2
8.2 Structural Analysis and Design .............................. 8-3
8.3 Loads and Load Combinations .............................. 8-5
8.4 Structural Considerations for Masonry Walls ................... 8-6
8.5 Structural Considerations for Masonry Beams ................. 8-13
8.6 Structural Considerations for Masonry Beam-Columns ......... 8-14
8.7 Structural Considerations for Prestressed Masonry Walls ....... 8-14
References ...................................................... 8-16
. DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS
9.0 Introduction .............................................. 9-1
9.1 Global Distribution of Gravity Load ........................... 9-1
9.2 Global Distribution of Lateral Loads .......................... 9-2
9.3 Local Distribution of Loads ................................. 9-5
References ....................................................... 9-9
10. MOVEMENTS
10.0 Introduction ............................................. t0-1
10.1 Movements Associated with Construction Materials ............ 10-1
10.2 Thermal Movements ...................................... 10-2
t0.3 Moisture-Related Movements ............................... 10-3
10.4 Structural Movements ..................................... 10-4
10.5 Accommodation of Movements ............................. 10-6
References 10-11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
viii
Contents
11. FLEXURE
11.0 Introduction ............................................. 11-1
11.1 Walls ................................................... 11-5
11.2 Pilasters ................................................ 11-8
11.3 Beams and Lintels ....................................... 11-13
References ..................................................... 11-2t
12. FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOAD
12.0 Introduction ............................................. 12-1
12.1 Columns ................................................ 12-1
12.2 Walls .................................................. 12-14
12.3 Pilasters ............................................... 12-28
References ..................................................... 12-32
t3. SHEAR
13.0 Introduction ............................................. 13-1
13.1 Design for Shear in Masonry Components .................... 13-1
13.2 Shear Walls ............................................. 13-6
References ..................................................... 13-13
14. REINFORCEMENT AND CONNECTORS
14.1 General ................................................. 14-1
14.2 Steel Reinforcement ...................................... 14-6
14.3 Connectors .............................................. 14-7
References ...................................................... 14-9
15, EMPIRICAL DESIGN & VENEER
15.1 History .................................................. 15-1
15.2 General Description ....................................... 15-1
15.3 Limitations .............................................. 15-2
15.4 Empirical Design Requirements ............................. 15-3
15.5 Veneer .................................................. 15-8
Select Bibliography .............................................. 15-11
16, PROVISIONS FOR SEISMIC DESIGN
16.0 Introduction ............................................. 16-1
16.t History of Seismic Code Provisions ......................... t6-3
16.2 Materials ................................................ 16-5
16.3 Design of Masonry Elements ............................... 16-5
16.4 Detailing ................................................ 16-6
References ..................................................... 16-10
ix
