Mask Interfaces for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Principles of Technology and Clinical Practice

372 Pages·2022·14.728 MB·English

by  Antonio M. Esquinas

Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases
and Disorders

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Mask Interfaces for Noninvasive
Mechanical Ventilation

Principles of Technology and Clinical Practice
Copyright © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
https://doi.org/10.52305/NVQH5040

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Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York
Contents

Preface ...................................................................................................................... ix
Section 1. Biomechanics of the Upper Airway: Physiology ................................................. 1
Chapter 1 Basic Craniofacial and Upper Airway Structures: Anatomy
and Physiologic Effects  Impact in Noninvasive Mechanical
Ventilation .................................................................................................... 3
Eunice Mendes
Chapter 2 Physical Determinants of Upper Airways: Airflow and Pressure ........... 9
Fausta Viccaro and Francesco Vassalli
Chapter 3 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Work of Breathing
Patterns Using Different Interfaces .......................................................... 19
Francisco Valdez Lima
Section 2. Mask Interface: Technical Elements .................................................................. 25
Chapter 4 Interfaces: Design, Manufacturers and Headgear .................................. 27
Luana Souto Barros and Thainná Nunes
Chapter 5 Mask Interface: Air Leak Dynamics and Intentional Air Leaks ........... 41
Juliana Barata
Chapter 6 Carbon Dioxide Removal, Exhalation Ports, Oxygenation,
and Air Leaks ............................................................................................. 45
Mürüvvet Dayıoğlu and Müge Aydoğdu
Chapter 7 Securing in Mask Interface Systems: Anti-Asphyxia Valve ................... 51
Raquel Viana
Section 3. Interface Options: Technology Interface  Noninvasive Ventilation .............. 57
Chapter 8 Negative Noninvasive Ventilation-Cuirass: Design and Clinical
Implications ................................................................................................ 59
Umberto Vincenzi, Corrado Mollica and Antonio M. Esquinas
Chapter 9 Interface-Nasal Prongs: Designs and Clinical Implications ................... 71
Ana Craveiro and Margarida Afonso
Chapter 10 Noninvasive Ventilation by Mouthpiece Ventilation .............................. 77
Teresa Díaz de Terán López, Mónica González Martínez
and Antonello Nicolini
vi Contents
Chapter 11 Noninvasive Ventilation by Helmet Interface .......................................... 95
Emanuele Rossetti
Chapter 12 Oronasal Face Masks Designs and Clinical Implications ..................... 105
Deniz Çelik and Sezgi Şahin Duyar
Chapter 13 Total Face Masks: Designs and Clinical Implications .......................... 109
Maria Petraki and Dimitrios Lagonidis
Section 4. Methodology and Practical Tools for Noninvasive Ventilation:
Choice of Interface and Effectiveness  Practical
Recommendations, Interface, Practice ................................................... 121
Chapter 14 Interface-Mask Fitting: Effects of Mask Strap Tension on the
Biomechanical and Biomarkers  Skin Interface ................................. 123
Rosana Mara da Silva and Thales Cantelle Baggio
Chapter 15 Interface Pressures at the Bridge of the Nose:
Prevention and Treatment ...................................................................... 129
Paolo Ruggeri and Francesco Nucera
Chapter 16 Mask Interface: Selection in Acute Respiratory Failure ...................... 139
Catarina Mendes Silva
Section 5. Interface Tolerance: Noninvasive Ventilation  Pattern of Response
and Intolerance ........................................................................................ 149
Chapter 17 Mask Interface: Psychological Response 
Claustrophobia/Anxiety  Diagnosis, Treatment,
and Prevention ......................................................................................... 151
Yoshinori Matsuoka, Kei Kurihara, Yoshitaka Nishiyama
and Takuma Sakai
Section 6. Interface: Evaluation and Monitoring ............................................................. 155
Chapter 18 Interfaces and Rebreathing: Evaluation of CO Washout ................... 157
2
Michalis Agrafiotis
Chapter 19 Effect of Mask Interface and Upper Airway Patency ........................... 165
Vasileios Michailidis
Section 7. Mask Interface: Patient-Ventilator Interaction, Noninvasive
Ventilation  Determinants ..................................................................... 175
Chapter 20 Comfort: Mechanical Ventilator  Triggering, Pressurization,
and Synchrony .......................................................................................... 177
Nikoletta Tyrovola, Eleni Nikoli and Nikolaos Schizas
Chapter 21 Terms of Effectiveness, Application, and Tolerability.......................... 189
Raffaele Scala and Luca Guidelli
Chapter 22 Mask Interface: Leaks ............................................................................. 197
Sezgi Şahin Duyar and Deniz Çelik
Contents vii
Section 8. Interface: Patient  Ventilatory Modes ........................................................... 205
Chapter 23 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ...................................... 207
Marta Costa
Chapter 24 Ventilatory Modes: Bi-Level Positive Pressure ..................................... 213
Elif Babaoglu
Chapter 25 Ventilatory Modes, Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist
(NAVA) ..................................................................................................... 219
Vijay Hadda and Tejas Menon Suri
Section 9. Interface and Ventilator Settings ..................................................................... 227
Chapter 26 Airway Pressure Waveform: Impact Positive
Pressure/IPAP/Leakages  Higher IPAP Levels and Response ........... 229
Diogo Canhoto
Chapter 27 Nasal High Flow Treatments: Flow and Pressure Determinants ........ 235
Anna Annunziata, Pasquale Imitazione, Antonio M. Esquinas
and Giuseppe Fiorentino
Section 10. Interface Bench and Clinical Data and Type Respiratory Failure:
Recommendations and Results ............................................................... 243
Chapter 28 Interface in Noninvasive Ventilation in Hypoxemic Respiratory
Failure: Summary and Practical Recommendations ............................ 245
Maurizio Moretti and Giancarlo Garuti
Chapter 29 Noninvasive Ventilation in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure:
Summary and Practical Recommendations ........................................... 253
Sinem Nedime Sökücü
Chapter 30 The Mask Interface in Sleep Breathing Disorders ................................ 263
Ahmet Cemal Pazarlı
Chapter 31 The Mask Interface in Diagnostic/Therapeutic Procedures
(Bronchoscopy, Nutrition) ....................................................................... 271
Agata Lax
Chapter 32 Mask Interface: Chronic Respiratory Failure 
Home Mechanical Ventilation................................................................. 277
Biljana Lazovic, Radmila Dmitrovic, Isidora Simonovic
and Antonio M. Esquinas
Chapter 33 Mask Interface in Difficult Anatomic Conditions ................................. 285
Iolanda Santos
Chapter 34 Mask Interface and Noninvasive Ventilation Failure ........................... 291
Anna Annunziata, Maurizia Lanza, Antonio M. Esquinas
and Giuseppe Fiorentino
viii Contents
Section 11. Complementary Technologies and Interface:
Key Practical Relationships .................................................................... 297
Chapter 35 Humidification Devices ............................................................................ 299
Avşar Zerman
Chapter 36 Aerosol Management during Noninvasive Mechanical
Ventilation Therapy ................................................................................. 305
Abdul Rouf Pirzada and Ahmed S. BaHammam
Chapter 37 Novel Tube Adapter for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation:
Key Practical Relationships .................................................................... 319
Oscar Iván Quintero Osorio and María Paula Garcia-Garcia
Section 12. Mask Interface: Related Complications ........................................................ 323
Chapter 38 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Interface:
Acute Mask-Related Complications ....................................................... 325
Nicola Vitulano
Chapter 39 Skin Breakdown, Facial Tissue Stresses:
Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcer, Prophylactic
Dressings and Treatment ........................................................................ 335
Rita Queiroz Rodrigues
Chapter 40 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation Complications:
Gastric Distension  Conjunctivitis ........................................................ 345
Inês Rodrigues
Chapter 41 Chronic Prolonged Use of Noninvasive Mechanical
Ventilation Masks .................................................................................... 349
Mariana Pires Asseiro
About the Editor .................................................................................................................. 353
Index ................................................................................................................... 355