Table Of ContentRural History in Europe 2
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Markets and Agricultural Change
in Europe
from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century
Edited by Vicente P
inilla
This publication is supported by COST.
It is the result of the work launched in the working group 2 “Management of Rural Land” of the COST Action
A 35.
It came into existence thanks to the funding of both the ESF (COST), the Spanish Ministry of Education and
Science, through project SEJ 2005-25702-E and the University of Zaragoza.
We are grateful to Fernando López (University of Zaragoza) who created the lay-out of the book and to Anne
Varet-Vitu (umr 8558, ehess-cnrs) who created the final lay-out of the book.
Cover: Peasants on the Way to the Market, painting by Johann Bockhorst (1640). Rubenshuis, Antwerpen
© Collectiebeleid
D/ 2009/0095/ 93 ISBN 978-2-503-52952-3
Printed in the E.U. on acid free paper.
© 2009 Brepols Publisher n.v., Turnhout, Belgium and COST
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CONTENTS
List of Contributors 6
List of Figures Tables & Annexes 7
The Series Rural History in Europe 9
1. The impact of markets in the management of rural land 11
Vicente Pinilla
2. Markets as agents of local regional and interregional trade. Eastern
Normandy at the end of the Middle Ages 37
Isabelle Theiller
3. Land management responses to market changes. Portugal,
seventeenth-nineteenth centuries
47
José Vicente Serrão
4. Peasant economy–markets and agricultural production in southern
Sweden 1711–1860 75
Mats olSSon & Patrick SvenSSon
5. Boserup meets Thuenen: Markets and farming intensity in pre-
industrial Westphalian peasant agriculture, circa 1830 107
Michael KoPSidiS
6. Explaining agrarian specialization in an advanced organic economy.
The province of Barcelona in the mid-nineteenth century 137
Ramon Garrabou, Enric Tello, Xavier CuSSó, Marc badia-Miró
7. Foreign markets, globalisation and agricultural change in Spain,
1850-1935 173
Vicente Pinilla & María Isabel ayuda
8. Agriculture and reindeer herding in Mid-Norway. Changing
structures in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century 209
Aud MiKKelSen TreTviK
9. Women’s work, masculine ideals and milk on the market. Co-
operative organizing and economic agency 227
Ann-Catrin ÖSTMan
5
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
María Isabel ayuda University of Zaragoza
Spain
Marc badia-Miró Universitat Oberta de Catalunya
Spain
Xavier CuSSó Autonomous University of Barcelona
Spain
Ramon Garrabou Autonomous University of Barcelona
Spain
Michael KoPSidiS Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development
in Central and Eastern Europe (Iamo)
Germany
Mats olSSon Lund University
Sweden
Ann-Catrin ÖSTMan Åbo Akademi University
Finland
Vicente Pinilla University of Zaragoza
Spain
José Vicente Serrão Instituto Superior de Ciëncia do Trabalho e da
Empresa (Icste), Lisboa
Portugal
Patrick SvenSSon Lund University
Sweden
Enric Tello University of Barcelona
Spain
Isabelle Theiller University of Paris Diderot – Paris-vII
France
Aud MiKKelSen TreTviK Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Norway
6
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. Markets and roads in Eastern Normandy
Figure 4.1. The region of Skåne in the South of Sweden
Figure 4.2. Nominal grain prices in Malmöhus county, Skåne, 1711-1860
Figure 4.3. Total grain production estimates, 1711-1860
Figure 4.4. Grain production estimates and property rights, 1711–1860
Figure 4.5. Grain production estimates and soil conditions, 1711-1860
Figure 4.6. Grain production estimates and average household subsistence level,
1711-1860
Figure 5.1. The 79 land tax valuation districts of the two administrative regions of
Münster and Arnsberg, 1822-1835
Figure 5.2. Spatial distribution of agricultural intensity levels, circa 1830
Figure 6.1. Degree of shortage in cereal production to meet local consumption needs,
in the province of Barcelona
Figure 6.2. Proportion of cropland devoted to vineyards in the province of Barcelona
Figure 6.3. Population densities, main roads and railways in the province of Barcelona
Figure 6.4. Mean slopes in the province of Barcelona
Figure 7.1. Volume index of Spanish exports of Mediterranean horticultural products
at 1910 prices (1910 = 100), 1850-1935
Figure 7.2. Spanish exports of Mediterranean horticultural products as a percentage
of total Spanish exports, 1850-1935 (current values)
Figure 8.1. Map of Fenno-Scandia
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1. Cereal: imports and national consumption (annual average)
Table 4.1. Average grain output per sheaf in two parishes in Skåne, 1783-1827
Table 4.2. Average consumption units per household by size of farm, five parishes in
Skåne
Table 4.3. Descriptive statistics of the total sample
Table 4.4. Grain production and marketable surplus, 1710-1850
Table 4.5. Grain commercialization determinants 1711-1860, gls regression
(Random-effects, Gaussian)
Table 4.6. Animal commercialization determinants 1711-1860, gls regression
(Random-effects, Gaussian)
Table 4.7. Grain production determinants 1711-1860, gls regression (Random-
effects, Gaussian)
Table 5.1. The intensity of agriculture circa 1830 for the two administrative
Westphalian districts of Münster and Arnsberg
Table 5.2. Proportion of sown land in long fallow cultivation, short fallow
cultivation and annual cropping, circa 1830
7
Table 5.3. Highly extensive cultivation in the south Westphalian uplands, circa 1830
Table 5.4. Regional intensity indicators for Westphalian agricultural macro-regions,
circa 1830
Table 5.5. Average yields for the most important grains and feeding crops, 1822-1835
Table 6.1. Population increase and population densities in the province of Barcelona,
1718-1860
Table 6.2. Area allocated to cereal cultivation by the district councils of the province
of Barcelona in the mid-nineteenth century
Table 6.3. Estimated mean yields of cereals for human consumption for the districts
of the province of Barcelona, 1885-1890
Table 6.4. Production of wheat and rye in the Province of Barcelona, around 1860
Table 6.5. Estimates of wheat production in the province of Barcelona between the
mid-nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century
Table 6.6. Cereal consumption in the Province of Barcelona around 1860
Table 6.7. Total net imports of cereals and flour in the province of Barcelona during
the mid-nineteenth century
Table 6.8. Degree of trade coverage of the provincial consumption of cereals and
M-X balance
Table 6.9. Land allocated to vines and cereals by the district councils in the province
of Barcelona between the 1850s and 1880s
Table 6.10. Land allocation and land suitability for grain cultivation and degree of
coverage of cereal consumption by local production in the province of
Barcelona, around 1860
Table 6.11. Explaining specialization in vine cultivation in the province of Barcelona
in the period leading up to 1860
Table 7.1. Annual growth rate of Spanish mhp exports (%)
Table 7.2. Share of British imports coming from Spain, 1928-1829 (%)
Table 7.3. Trade shares. Exports as percentage of production (%)
Table 7.4. Oranges. Cost of production per box delivered to the United Kingdom,
around 1934
Table 7.5. World trade in oranges, 1909-1938
Table 7.6. World trade in lemons, 1909-1938
Table 7.7. World trade in table grapes, 1903-1938
Table 7.8. World trade in raisins, 1903-1938
Table 7.9. Oranges and mandarins, world production, 1909-1935
Table 7.10. Lemons, world production, 1909-1938
Table 7.11 Grapes, world production, 1929-1932
Table 7.12. Raisins, world production, 1929-1932
Table 9.1. Independent farms and tenant farms, Purmo 1910 and 1930 (over 0.5 ha)
Table 9.2. Size structure of farms by arable area, Purmo 1910-1940
8
