Maritime Security and Indonesia: Cooperation, Interests and Strategies

247 Pages·2017·1.769 MB·English

by  Senia Febrica

Maritime Security and Indonesia
Indonesia is the largest archipelago state in the world, comprising 17,480 islands,
with a maritime territory measuring close to 6 million square kilometres. It is
located between the two key shipping routes of the Pacific and Indian Ocean.
Indonesia’s cooperation in maritime security initiatives is vitally important
because half of the world’s trading goods and oil pass through Indonesian
waters, including the Straits of Malacca, the Strait of Sunda and the Strait of
Lombok.
This book analyses Indonesia’s participation in international maritime
security cooperation. Using Indonesia as a case study, the book adopts mixed
methods to assess emerging power cooperation and non- cooperation, drawing
from various International Relations theories and the bureaucratic politics
approach. It addresses not only the topic of Indonesia’s cooperation but also
engages in debates across the International Relations, political science and policy
studies disciplines regarding state cooperation. Based on extensive primary
Indonesian language sources and original interviews, the author offers a
conceptual discussion of the reasons underlying participation or non- participation
of emerging middle powers in cooperation agreements. The analysis offers a
fresh perspective on the growing problems of maritime terrorism and sea robbery
and how an emerging power deals with these threats at unilateral, bilateral,
regional and multilateral levels.
The book fills a significant gap in the literature on Indonesian foreign policy
making in the post- 1998 era. It provides the first in- depth study of Indonesia’s
decision-m aking process in the area of maritime security and will thus be of
interest to researchers in the field of comparative politics, international relations,
security policy, maritime cooperation, port and shipping businesses and South-
east Asian politics and society.
Senia Febrica is a researcher at the American Studies Center, Universitas
Indonesia, and a Gerda Henkel Stiftung post-d octoral scholar.
Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series
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Edited by Ooi Keat Gin Video Vanguard
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Democratisation
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Maritime Security and
Indonesia
Cooperation, Interests and Strategies
Senia Febrica
First published 2017
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2017 Senia Febrica
The right of Senia Febrica to be identified as author of this work has been
asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Names: Febrica, Senia, author.
Title: Maritime security and Indonesia : cooperation, interests and
strategies / Senia Febrica.
Description: New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge
contemporary Southeast Asia series ; 86 | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016044685| ISBN 9781138688438 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781315541815 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Merchant marine–Security measures–Indonesia. |
Shipping–Security measures–Indonesia. | Piracy–Indonesia–Prevention. |
Sea control–Indonesia. | Sea control–International cooperation. | Maritime
terrorism–Indonesia–Prevention.
Classification: LCC VK203 .F43 2017 | DDC 359/.0309598–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044685
ISBN: 978-1-138-68843-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-54181-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
To my parents
Santje Takalamingan and Julien Lucas

Contents
List of figures ix
List of tables x
A note on the author xi
Acknowledgements xii
List of abbreviations xiii
Introduction 1
Locating Indonesia in the literature on international
cooperation 4
The significance of Indonesia in the study of maritime security 11
Outline of this book 13
1 Maritime security and Indonesia 25
Introduction 25
The trends of maritime terrorism and armed robbery against
ships 26
The importance of Indonesia in maritime security 33
Conclusion 52
2 Domestic politics 64
Introduction 64
Domestic politics dynamics and maritime cooperation 64
Indonesia’s assigned bureaucratic politics model 69
The limitation of bureaucratic politics in explaining Indonesian
cooperation 70
Conclusion 86
viii Contents
3 When the hegemon is leading 102
Introduction 102
Fully cooperative on the bilateral front 103
Cases of non- cooperation: the hegemon did not bark 107
The United States unilateral initiatives: the public–private
partnership model 113
Conclusion 119
4 When shared identity does not matter 130
Introduction 130
The ASEAN Way 131
The ASEAN Way and history of maritime security cooperation in
ASEAN 132
Debunking the ASEAN Way? Cooperation with extra-r egional
states 137
Conclusion 141
5 Gains and losses 148
Introduction 148
Relative gains’ lack of explanatory purchase 148
Calculating absolute gains 151
Conclusion 184
6 Conclusion 206
Findings 206
Conclusion 216
Future work 217
Index 222
Figures
1.1 Armed robbery attacks and attempted attacks in Indonesian
waters (excluding the Straits of Malacca and Singapore) 1991–2015 31
1.2 Armed robbery attacks and attempted attacks in the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore 1991–2015 32
1.3 Map of Indonesia 34
1.4 The Indonesian ministry of defence maritime security budget 45