Table Of ContentSusumu Ohtsuka · Toshinobu Suzaki
Takeo Horiguchi · Noritoshi Suzuki
Editors
Fabrice Not
Marine
Protists
Diversity and Dynamics
Marine Protists
Susumu Ohtsuka • Toshinobu Suzaki
Takeo Horiguchi • Noritoshi Suzuki
Fabrice Not
Editors
Marine Protists
Diversity and Dynamics
Editors
Susumu Ohtsuka Toshinobu Suzaki
Takehara Marine Science Station Graduate School of Science
Setouchi Field Science Center Kobe University
Graduate School of Biosphere Science Kobe , Hyogo , Japan
Hiroshima University
Takehara , Hiroshima , Japan Noritoshi Suzuki
Institute of Geology and Paleontology
Takeo Horiguchi Graduate School of Science
Department of Biological Sciences Tohoku University
Faculty of Science Sendai , Miyagi , Japan
Hokkaido University
Sapporo , Hokkaido , Japan
Fabrice Not
Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifi que – CNRS
University Pierre and Marie Curie – UPMC
Station Biologique de Roscoff
Roscoff , France
ISBN 978-4-431-55129-4 ISBN 978-4-431-55130-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015945630
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Pref ace
A mong the eight major superphyla of eukaryotes, only a handful of organisms have
developed multicellularity. Indeed, most of eukaryotic life on Earth is composed of
protists, a large portion of which are marine. Thanks to the recent advent of molecu-
lar and cellular techniques, we have partially unveiled their potential for both
applied and fundamental sciences. Protistology is entering an exciting time, a time
of major discoveries, opening up avenues in a variety of scientifi c fi elds such as
evolution of life, global ecology and biodiversity, and cell biology, among others.
One major drawback to fully understanding the implications of protists for global
ecology and fundamental biology, however, is the scattered knowledge inherent in
human sectionalism. Bridges between scientifi c domains are often diffi cult to build.
Fossilized protistan taxa such as foraminifers and radiolarians have traditionally
been investigated by paleontologists, while non-fossilized ones are usually studied
by biologists and ecologists. Parasitic marine protists such as apicomplexans and
myxozoans are separately addressed by fi sh pathologists. Scientists are well aware
of the great complexity of the functioning of ecosystems and the importance of
biotic interactions. Holistic approaches to integrate knowledge from various taxo-
nomic groups but also environmental, contextual data are clearly required to address
current global issues.
T he Great East Japan Earthquake disaster has made us gravely aware that our
modern industrialized societies are a tinderbox. We have realized that now is a criti-
cal turning point for innovation of new social systems that accelerate wise use of
nature. Our ancestors had locally experienced many “collapses” without recogni-
tion of these essential laws. Moreover it reminds us of the war movie entitled
Valkyrie in which we realize we must make compensation for our own actions. The
development of protist biology and ecology has a tremendous potential to contribute
to resolving current and forthcoming major issues faced by humans in terms of
shortages of natural resources for food and energy.
F ollowing a series of joint meetings of the Plankton Society of Japan and the
Japanese Association of Benthology, we recognized the importance of putting
together our knowledge to further contribute to the development of protistology. We
then drew up a list of eminent experts who kindly accepted our request for
v
vi Preface
contributions, making this unique book on the diversity and dynamics of marine
protists possible. We would like to express our sincere thanks to Springer, particu-
larly to Ms. Mei Hann Lee, who offered us this valuable opportunity. We could not
have accomplished our tasks without their constant encouragement and support.
This book aims at providing students and researchers a multidisciplinary overview
of the science of protists in order to establish the basis of modern, integrated
protistology.
Takehara , Japan Susumu Ohtsuka
Kobe , Japan Toshinobu Suzaki
Sapporo , Japan Takeo Horiguchi
Sendai , Japan Noritoshi Suzuki
Roscoff , France Fabrice Not
Contents
Part I Diversity, Biology, and Ecology
1 Protistan Diversity in Environmental Molecular Surveys .................. 3
Ramon Massana
2 Unusual Features of Dinokaryon, the Enigmatic Nucleus
of Dinoflagellates ..................................................................................... 23
Yasuhiro Fukuda and Toshinobu Suzaki
3 Diversity of Microbial Eukaryotes in Deep Sea Chemosynthetic
Ecosystems Illuminated by Molecular Techniques .............................. 47
Kiyotaka Takishita
4 Biology, Diversity and Ecology of Free-Living
Heterotrophic Flagellates ....................................................................... 63
Takeshi Nakayama
5 Basal Lineages of Green Algae – Their Diversity
and Phylogeny ......................................................................................... 89
Stuart D. Sym
6 Typical Features of Genomes in the Mamiellophyceae........................ 107
Nigel Grimsley , Sheree Yau , Gwenaël Piganeau ,
and Hervé Moreau
7 Planktic Foraminifera............................................................................. 129
Katsunori Kimoto
8 Biology and Ecology of Radiolaria ........................................................ 179
Noritoshi Suzuki and Fabrice Not
9 Phaeodaria: Diverse Marine Cercozoans
of World-Wide Distribution ................................................................... 223
Yasuhide Nakamura and Noritoshi Suzuki
vii
viii Contents
10 Ecology and Evolution of Marine Diatoms and Parmales .................. 251
Akira Kuwata and David H. Jewson
11 Planktonic Ciliates: Diverse Ecological Function in Seawater ........... 277
Takashi Kamiyama
12 Biology and Paleontology of Coccolithophores (Haptophytes) ........... 311
Kyoko Hagino and Jeremy R. Young
13 Diversity and Ecology of Thraustochytrid Protists
in the Marine Environment .................................................................... 331
Ryosuke Nakai and Takeshi Naganuma
14 Ecology and Distribution of Protists in Brackish
Water Lakes ............................................................................................. 347
Hideki Ishida
15 Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic
History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type
Marine Protist World .............................................................................. 359
Noritoshi Suzuki and Masahiro Oba
Part II Symbiosis
16 Diversity and Phylogeny of Marine Parasitic Dinoflagellates............. 397
Takeo Horiguchi
17 Biology of Symbiotic Dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium)
in Corals ................................................................................................... 421
Hiroshi Yamashita and Kazuhiko Koike
18 Biology of Symbiotic Apostome Ciliates: Their Diversity
and Importance in the Aquatic Ecosystems .......................................... 441
Susumu Ohtsuka , Toshinobu Suzaki , Atsushi Kanazawa ,
and Motonori Ando
19 Photosymbiosis in Marine Planktonic Protists ..................................... 465
Johan Decelle , Sébastien Colin , and Rachel A. Foster
20 Marine Protist Viruses ............................................................................ 501
Yuji Tomaru , Kei Kimura , and Keizo Nagasaki
21 Biology of Parasitic Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates:
Parasitoids of Diatoms ............................................................................ 519
Michael Schweikert
Part III Interactions Between Marine Protists and Humans
22 Fish and Shellfish Diseases Caused by Marine Protists ...................... 533
Hiroshi Yokoyama , N aoki Itoh , and Kazuo Ogawa
Contents ix
23 Taxonomy and Distribution of the Unarmored Dinoflagellates
Cochlodinium polykrikoides and C. fulvescens ...................................... 551
Mitsunori Iwataki , Haruyoshi Takayama ,
Kazuya Takahashi , and Kazumi Matsuoka
24 Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP)–Producing Dinoflagellate
and PSP-Infested Organisms ................................................................. 567
Manabu Asakawa , Gloria Gomez-Delan ,
Mercy Barte- Quilantang , and Katsutoshi Ito
25 Interactions Between Harmful Algae and Algicidal
and Growth-Inhibiting Bacteria Associated
with Seaweeds and Seagrasses ............................................................... 597
Ichiro Imai
26 Relationships Between Aquatic Protists and Humans ......................... 621
Susumu Ohtsuka , Toshinobu Suzaki , Noritoshi Suzuki ,
Takeo Horiguchi , and Kengo Suzuki
Index ................................................................................................................. 639
