Table Of Contenta Pelican Original
Political Leaders
of the Twentieth Century
MAO TSE-TUNG
Stuart Schram
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Pelican Books
Political Leaders of the Twentieth Century
Mao Tse-tung
Stuart R. Schram was bom in Minnesota, U.S.A., in 1924.
He took his B.A. at the University of Minnesota in 1944,
followed by a Ph.D. in political science at Columbia
University in 1954. From 1954 to 1967 he carried out research
at the Centre d’Etude des Relations Internationales of the
Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques in Paris, where,
with Helene Carr&re d’Encausse, he was responsible for the
Soviet and Chinese Section. He is now Professor of Politics (with
reference to China) in the University of London and Head of the
Contemporary China Institute of the School of Oriental and African
Studies. In his research he is chiefly interested in the role of ideology
in politics, especially in Communist countries, and in the
history of Leninist theories together with their application by
the Communist movement in Asia.
Professor Schram has also published Le Marxisme et I’Asie, 1853-
1964 (with Helene Carrere d’Encausse), and
The Political Thought of Mao Tse-tung.
Apart from his research. Professor Schram is interested in music,
poetry, the theatre and nature.
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Political Leaders of the
Twentieth Century
Mao Tse-tung
Stuart Schram
With 29 plates
Penguin Books
Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
Penguin Books Inc., 7110 Ambassador Road,
Baltimore, Maryland 21207, U.S.A.
Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
First published 1966
Reprinted (with revisions) 1967
Reprinted 1968, 1969, 1970
Made and printed in Great Britain by
Hazell Watson & Viney Ltd
Aylesbury, Bucks
Set in Monotype Times
This book is sold subject to the condition that
it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent,
re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without
the publisher’s prior consent in any form of
binding or cover other than that in which it is
published and without a similar condition ^
including this condition being imposed on the
subsequent purchaser
Contents
Acknowledgements 9
Introduction 15
1 The World of Mao’s Boyhood 19
2 Student Days in Changsha 29
3 Mao Tse-tung at the Time of the May 4th Movement 47
4 The Beginnings of the Chinese Communist Party 60
5 Collaboration with the Kuomintang 72
6 The Years in the Wilderness 106
7 From Kiangsi to Yenan 146
8 The Struggle on Two Fronts 192
9 The Foundation of the Chinese People’s Republic 249
10 In Search of a Chinese Way 277
Conclusion 311
Index 351
MAPS
China Today 12-13
The Third Encirclement Campaign 163
Routes of the Long March, October 1934-October 1936
(from The Long March, Foreign Languages Press,
Peking, 1965) 178-9
List of Plates
1 Mao Tse-tung about 1919
2 Mao Tse-tung at the time of his election to the
Central Committee of the CCP
3 and 4 Sites of the first and last sessions of the
First Congress of the CCP
5 Ts’ai Ho-sen
6 Li Ta-chao
7 The Peasant Movement Training Institute
8 and 9 Early collaboration between the CCP and the KMT
10 and 11 The Long March
12 Mao outside the Anti-Japanese Military and Political
University in Yenan (Radio Times Hulton Picture Library)
13 Mao and Chu Te during the civil war (Camera Press Ltd)
14 Cover of Songs to the Glory of Mao Tse-tung
15 Mao proclaiming the establishment of the
Chinese People’s Republic
16 Mao and Voroshilov (The John Hillelson Agency Ltd)
17 Mao with Khrushchev (Keystone Press Agency Ltd)
18 Mao talking to a peasant
19 Mao and other leaders receive workers in Peking
(iCamera Press Ltd)
20 Workers building the Ming Tombs Dam
(The John Hillelson Agency Ltd)
21 Women of the Shiu Shin Commune at work
(The John Hillelson Agency Ltd)
22 Children in a kindergarten (The John Hillelson Agency
Ltd)
23 Mao and students (United Press International (UK) Ltd)
24 Mao exchanges greetings with Asian and African
writers (Camera Press Ltd)
25 Mao with a Russian delegation
(The John Hillelson Agency Ltd)
26 Mao with Ho Chi Minh, 1959
(The John Hillelson Agency Ltd)
8 List of Plates ,
27 Holiday float depicts Mao and Ho Chi Minh
(iCamera Press Ltd)
28 Mao, his wife, and Mme Sukarno (Camera Press Ltd)
29 Mao and Chou En-lai (Camera Press Ltd)
