Table Of ContentManualofStandardizationintheRomanceLanguages
MRL24
Manuals of
Romance Linguistics
Manuels de linguistique romane
Manuali di linguistica romanza
Manuales de lingüística románica
Edited by
Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez-Miret
Volume 24
Manual of
Standardization in the
Romance Languages
Edited by Franz Lebsanft and Felix Tacke
ISBN978-3-11-045573-1
e-ISBN(PDF)978-3-11-045808-4
e-ISBN(EPUB)978-3-11-045606-6
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Manuals of Romance Linguistics
The new international handbook series Manuals of Romance Linguistics (MRL) will
offeranextensive,systematicandstate-of-the-artoverviewoflinguisticresearchin
theentirefieldofpresent-dayRomanceStudies.
MRLaimstoupdateandexpandthecontentsofthetwomajorreferenceworks
availabletodate:LexikonderRomanistischenLinguistik(LRL)(1988–2005,vol.1–8)
and Romanische Sprachgeschichte (RSG) (2003–2008, vol. 1–3). It will also seek to
integrate new research trends as well as topics that have not yet been explored
systematically.
Given that a complete revision of LRL and RSG would not be feasible, at least
not in a sensible timeframe, the MRL editors have opted for a modular approach
thatismuchmoreflexible:
The series will include approximately 60 volumes (each comprised of approx.
400–600 pages and 15–30 chapters). Each volume will focus on the most central
aspects of its topic in a clear and structured manner. As a series, the volumes will
covertheentirefieldofpresent-dayRomanceLinguistics,buttheycanalsobeused
individually.GiventhattheworkonindividualMRLvolumeswillbenowherenear
astime-consuming asthat onamajor referencework inthe styleofLRL, itwill be
mucheasiertotakeintoaccounteventhemostrecenttrendsanddevelopmentsin
linguisticresearch.
MRL’s languages of publication are French, Spanish, Italian, English and, in
exceptionalcases,Portuguese.Eachvolumewillconsistentlybewritteninonlyone
oftheselanguages.Ineachcase,thechoiceoflanguagewilldependonthespecific
topic.Englishwillbeusedfortopicsthatareofmoregeneralrelevancebeyondthe
fieldofRomanceStudies(forexampleManualofLanguageAcquisitionorManualof
RomanceLanguagesintheMedia).
The focus of each volume will be either (1) on one specific language or (2) on
one specific research field. Concerning volumes of the first type, each of the Ro-
mancelanguages–includingRomance-basedcreoles–willbediscussedinasepa-
rate volume. A particularly strong focus will be placed on the smaller languages
(linguaeminores)thatotherreferenceworkshavenottreatedextensively.MRLwill
comprisevolumesonFriulian,Corsican,Galician,amongothers,aswellasaMan-
ual of Judaeo-Romance Linguistics and Philology. Volumes of the second type will
be devoted to the systematic presentation of all traditional and new fields of Ro-
mance Linguistics, with the research methods of Romance Linguistics being dis-
cussed in a separate volume. Dynamic new research fields and trends will yet
again be of particular interest, because although they have become increasingly
importantinbothresearchandteaching,olderreferenceworkshavenotdealtwith
thematallortoucheduponthemonlytangentially.MRLwillfeaturevolumesdedi-
catedtoresearchfieldssuchasGrammaticalInterfaces,YouthLanguageResearch,
Urban Varieties, Computational Linguistics, Neurolinguistics, Sign Languages or
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110458084-202
vi ManualsofRomanceLinguistics
ForensicLinguistics.Eachvolumewillofferastructuredandinformative,easy-to-
readoverviewofthehistoryofresearchaswellasofrecentresearchtrends.
We are delighted that internationally-renowned colleagues from a variety of
Romance-speaking countries and beyond have agreed to collaborate on this series
and take on the editorship of individual MRL volumes. Thanks to the expertise of
the volume editors responsible for the concept and structure of their volumes, as
well asfor the selection ofsuitable authors, MRL willnot only summarizethe cur-
rent state of knowledge in Romance Linguistics, but will also present much new
informationandrecentresearchresults.
As a whole, the MRL series will present a panorama of the discipline that is
both extensive and up-to-date, providing interesting and relevant information and
usefulorientationforeveryreader,withdetailedcoverageofspecifictopicsaswell
asgeneraloverviewsofpresent-dayRomanceLinguistics.Webelievethattheseries
will offer a fresh, innovative approach, suited to adequately map the constant ad-
vancementofourdiscipline.
August2019 GünterHoltus(Lohra/Göttingen)
FernandoSánchez-Miret(Salamanca)
Preface
The standardization of Romance languages is a well-established domain in Ro-
mance studies. As shown in our detailed introduction (“Romance standardology:
roots and traditions”), there is a considerable amount of research on this classical
issue, and all the contributors to this manual draw heavily on it. However, this
volumestrivestodomorethanjustprovideanessentialupdateofpreviousresearch
findings. The first part of the book, dedicated to the theories of linguistic norm,
presents,ofcourse,overviewsontraditionalandprovenmethodologies,whichhave
constantly enhanced our understanding of standardization. Nonetheless, it also
ventures to include more recent approaches to theconstruction of regulated forms
of language that are not easily found in former manuals. In the same manner, the
secondpartonlanguage-specificinstrumentsandreferencetoolscombinesarticles
treating the traditional realm of language codification and modernization (i.e., or-
thographies, normative dictionaries and grammars). This engaging sectionencom-
passeselaborateanalysisofthehithertoneglectedissueofnormativepronunciation
(orthoepy) as well as the ever more dynamic field of usage guides (the so-called
dictionariesoflanguagedifficulties).
From the standpoint of standardization, it is justifiable to distinguish between
“major” and “minor” Romance languages. The chapters on Romanian, Italian,
French, Catalan, Spanish and Portuguese always follow the same, full-fledged
scheme (four articles each); a more concise chapter is dedicated to “minor” Italo-,
Gallo-andIbero-RomancelanguagesnottomentionRomance-basedCreoles.Even
thougheachlanguageistreatedseparately,theintroductoryessayadditionallycon-
tainsasectionintendedtoprovidethereaderwithacomparativeapproach.
Itgoeswithoutsayingthatinordertobeusefulandeasilyaccessible,amanual
needs a coherent structure and an analogous, corresponding treatment of the ob-
jects. However, if the reader detects excessive or disturbing heterogeneity in the
presentationof(someof)thedata,weaseditorshavefailedtoconvincethecontri-
butorsofthewell-foundednessofourapproach.Weassume,ofcourse,responsibili-
tyforanyshortcomingsinthisrespect.
ManyesteemedcolleagueshavecontributedtomakingtheideaofaManualof
Standardization in the Romance Languages come true. First of all, we’d like to
thank our General Series Editors Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez-Miret for
their patience and support; of course, a lot of gratitude goes out to the many con-
tributors of this volume – those who have fulfilled the promise of a substantial
article and those who have generously helped us out in the case of a few missing
articlesbyassumingthattaskonshortnotice.Furthermore,wealsowishtothank
StevenDworkinforhisadviceintheearlystagesofthisvolume.Wewouldalsolike
toexpressourappreciativenesstoBrandonDavenport,whohastirelesslyimproved
thestyleofmanymanuscripts,aswellastoJudithStrunck,TheaGöhringandJudith
Harzheim,whorendered theirservicesoflaboriouslyreading andcopy-editingthe
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110458084-203
viii Preface
wholevolume.Lastbutnotleast,manythankstotheDeGruytereditorialteamfor
their unconditional assistance we received during the long editing process:
Ulrike Krauß, Christine Henschel, Gabrielle Cornefert, Anna Hofsäß and Monika
Pfleghar.
Bonn,June2019 FranzLebsanftandFelixTacke
Table of Contents
Introduction
FranzLebsanftandFelixTacke
0 RomanceStandardology:RootsandTraditions 3
Theories of Linguistic Norm
LudwigFesenmeier
1 LinguisticNorminClassicalGrammarandRhetoric 63
JörnAlbrecht
2 LinguisticNorminthePragueSchoolofLinguistics 107
JohannesKabatek
3 LinguisticNormintheLinguisticTheoryofEugenioCoseriu 127
CarstenSinner
4 LinguisticNorminSociolinguistics 145
AngelaSchrott
5 LinguisticNorminLinguisticPragmatics 165
FelixTacke
6 LinguisticNorminCognitiveLinguistics 183
FranzLebsanft
7 LinguisticNorminDiscourseLinguistics 209
Instruments and Reference Tools for Language Codification
and Modernization
8 Romanian 231
CameliaStan
8.1 OrthographyandOrthoepy 231
x TableofContents
RodicaZafiu
8.2 NormativeGrammars 245
RodicaZafiu
8.3 NormativeDictionaries 261
IsabelaNedelcu
8.4 DictionariesofLanguageDifficulties 281
9 Italian 297
GeraldBernhard
9.1 OrthographyandOrthoepy 297
ElisaDeRoberto
9.2 NormativeGrammars 317
LucaLorenzetti
9.3 NormativeDictionaries 341
LucaLorenzetti
9.4 DictionariesofLanguageDifficulties 373
10 French 399
BernhardPöll
10.1 OrthographyandOrthoepy 399
SybilleGroße
10.2 NormativeGrammars 417
LucaMelchior
10.3 NormativeDictionaries 441
JohannaWolf
10.4 DictionariesofLanguageDifficulties 461
11 Catalan 481
DavidPaloma
11.1 OrthographyandOrthoepy 481
