Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology

539 Pages·1998·1.09 MB·English

by  Anthony S-Y. Leong

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Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology
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1999
Greenwich Medical Media Ltd
219 The Linen Hall
162-168 Regent Street
London
W1R 5TB
ISBN 1 900151 316
First Published 1999
Distributed worldwide by Oxford University Press
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Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology
Anthony S-Y Leong
MBBS, MD, FRCPA, FRCPath, FCAP,
Hon. FHKCPath, FHKAM (Pathol)
Professor of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology
Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology
The Prince of Wales Hospital
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, Hong Kong
Kum Cooper
BSc (Hons), MBChB, DPhil (Oxon), FFPath, MRCPath
Professor and Head
School of Pathology and South African Institute for Medical Research
University of Witwatersrand
Johannesburg, South Africa
F Joel W-M Leong
MBBS
Clinical Lecturer in Pathology
Nuffield Department of Pathology
John Radcliffe Hospital
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
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To Wendy and Nimmie, for their love, strength and support
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PREFACE
The rapid acceptance and entrenchment of immunohistochemistry as an important and, in some cases,
indispensable adjunct to morphological examination and diagnosis has imposed the necessity for
anatomical pathology laboratories to be proficient in immuno-staining procedures. However, for
immunohistochemistry stains to be meaningful, technical competence must be accompanied by a
familiarity with the characteristics and specificities of the reagents employed. In particular, the medical
technologist and pathologist must have knowledge of the sensitivity and specificity of the primary
antibody employed, the nature of the epitope demonstrated by each antibody and its sensitivity to
common fixatives. They should be equally conversant with protocols for tissue processing as well as the
various methods of antigen/epitope retrieval which are appropriate for the demonstration of the specific
protein sought in the tissue section or cell preparation.
The versatility and contributions of immunohistochemistry to diagnostic pathology, particularly in the
areas of tumor diagnosis, lineage identification, prognostication and therapy are largely dependent on the
ever-increasing range of antisera and monoclonal antibodies which are commercially available.
However, this latter feature is a two-edged sword. While the extensive spectrum of antibodies allows the
identification of a wider and wider range of cellular antigens, the user must also be familiar with the
properties and characteristics of each of these many antibodies.
This book provides a comprehensive list of antisera and monoclonal antibodies that have useful
diagnostic applications in tissue sections and cell preparations. Various clones, which are commercially
available to detect the same antigen, are listed and the sensitivities and specificities of the antibodies are
discussed. Importantly, our own experience with these reagents is provided, together with pertinent
references. While as many available sources of antibodies are provided as possible, it is acknowledged
that the listing cannot be exhaustive and only major sources are covered. A brief coverage of the
diagnostic approach to the general categories of the poorly differentiated round cell and spindle cell
tumors in various anatomical sites using panels of selected antibodies is provided in the form of tables.
Staining protocols and antigen/epitope retrieval procedures, including those employing enzymes,
microwaves and heat, are also given in detail.
It is hoped that this compendium will provide a source of useful and practical information to both the
diagnostic and research laboratory.
ANTHONY S-Y LEONG MBBS, MD
SHATIN, HONG KONG
KUM COOPER MBBCH, DPHIL
JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA
F JOEL W-M LEONG MBBS
OXFORD, ENGLAND
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to the following for their invaluable help during the preparation of this book:
Zenobia Haffajee, Johannesburg
Trishe Y-M Leong, Adelaide
Molly Long, Johannesburg
Michael Osborn, Adelaide
Raija T Sormunan, Hong Kong
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CONTENTS
Preface v
Acknowledgements vi
Introduction x
Section 1
Antibodies
α-Smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) 3
α-1-Antichymotrypsin 5
α-1-Antitrypsin 7
α-Fetroprotein (AFP) 9
Amyloid 11
Androgen receptor 13
Antiapoptosis 15
Anti-p80 (ALK-NPM fusion protein) 19
Bcl-2 21
Ber-EP4 23
β-hCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) 25
CA 125 27
N/97-Cadherin/E-cadherin 29
Calcitonin 33
Calretinin 35
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 37
Catenins, α, β, γ 39
Cathepsin D 41
CD 1 43
CD 2 45
CD 3 47
CD 4 49
CD 5 51
CD 7 53
CD 8 55
CD 9 57
CD 10 (CALLA) 59
CD 103 61
CD 11 63
CD 15 65
CD 19 67
CD 20 69
CD 21 71
CD 23 73
CD 24 75
CD 30 77
CD 31 81
CD 34 83
CD 35 85
CD 38 87
CD 40 89
CD 43 91
CD 44 93
CD 45 (Leukocyte common antigen) 95
CD 54 (ICAM-1) 99
CD 56 (Neural cell adhesion molecule) 101
CD 57 103
CD 68 107
CD 74 (LN2) 109
CD W75 (LN1) 111
CD 79a 113
CD99 (p30/32MIC2) 115
c-erbB-2 (Her-2, neu) 117
Chlamydia 119
Chromogranin 121
c-Mvyc 123
Collagen type IV 125
Cyclin D1 (bcl-1) 127
Cytokeratins 129
Cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) 133
Cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) 135
Cytokeratins-MNF 116 137
Cytokeratins-CAM 5.2 139
Cytokeratins-AE1/AE3 141
Cytokeratins-MAK-6 ® 143
Cytokeratins-34βE12 145
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 147
Cytotoxic Molecules (TIA-1, Granzyme B, Perforin) 149