Manual of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing - American Society for

241 Pages·2005·4.83 MB·English

Manual of Antimicrobial

Susceptibility Testing

Manual of Antimicrobial
Susceptibility Testing
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Manual of antimicrobial susceptibility testing / authors, Stephen J.
Cavalieri ... [et al.].
p. ; cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 1-55581-349-6 (soft cover)
1. Drug resistance in microorganisms—Handbooks, manuals, etc.
[DNLM: 1. Microbial Sensitivity Tests—methods—Laboratory Manuals.
2. Anti-Bacterial Agents—pharmacology—Laboratory Manuals. 3. Drug Resis-
tance, Bacterial—Laboratory Manuals. QW 25.5 M6 M2945 2005] I. Cavalieri,
Stephen J. II. American Society for Microbiology.
QR177.M37 2005
616.9'201—dc22 2005014435
Contents
Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
I MODES AND MECHANISMS
1
Antimicrobial Modes of Action 3
Yvette S. McCarter
2
Beta-Lactamases 15
Susan E. Sharp
II TEST METHODS
3
A Guide to Using the NCCLS Documents 25
José H. Ortez
4
Disk Diffusion Testing 39
José H. Ortez
5
MIC Testing 53
Ivonne D. Rankin
6
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) 63
Ivonne D. Rankin
7
Commercial Systems 91
Ivonne D. Rankin
III GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISMS
8
Staphylococci 101
Stephen J. Cavalieri
9
Enterococci 117
Robert L. Sautter
v
vi Contents
10
Streptococcus pneumoniae 133
Stephen J. Cavalieri
11
Streptococcus 141
Robert L. Sautter
IV GRAM-NEGATIVE ORGANISMS
12
Enterobacteriaceae 151
Ronald J. Harbeck
13
Non-Enterobacteriaceae 167
Carol A. Spiegel
14
Haemophilus 179
Ronald J. Harbeck & Carol A. Spiegel
15
Neisseria/Moraxella 187
Ronald J. Harbeck
16
Anaerobes 197
Carol A. Spiegel
ANSWERS
Answers and Comments for Self-Assessment Questions in All Chapters . . . 205
APPENDIX
Basic Biosafety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Preparation of a 0.5 McFarland Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
…from NCCLS M100-S14 (M7): Suggestions for Verification
of Unusual Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Disk Diffusion Susceptiblity Test: Troubleshooting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
José H. Ortez
GLOSSARY 225
INDEX 231
Coordinating Editor
Marie B. Coyle
Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
Authors
Stephen J. Cavalieri Ivonne D. Rankin
Department of Pathology Clinical Microbiology Department
Creighton University Medical Center Mount Sinai Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska 68131 New York, New York 10029
Ronald J. Harbeck Robert L. Sautter
Clinical Reference Laboratories and Departments of Microbiology and
Department of Medicine Point of Care
National Jewish Medical and Pinnacle Health System
Research Center Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17101
Denver, Colorado 80206
Yvette S. McCarter Susan E. Sharp
Department of Pathology Department of Pathology
University of Florida Kaiser Permanente – NW
Jacksonville, Florida 32209 Portland, Oregon 97230
José H. Ortez Carol A. Spiegel
Bacteriology Department, Department of Pathology and
Microbiology Services Laboratory Medicine
Kaiser Permanente Regional University of Wisconsin and
Reference Laboratories University of Wisconsin Hospital &
North Hollywood, California 91605 Clinics
Madison, Wisconsin 53792
Contributors
Luis Actis Jorge Matheu Álvarez
Department of Microbiology Bacteriology Department
Miami University National Laboratory of Health
Oxford, Ohio 45056 Ministry of Health
Barcenas Villa Nueva, Guatemala
María Isabel Arias Bustamante
Bacteriology Carlos Mejía
National Institute of Health Infectious Diseases Division
Lima, Peru Roosevelt Hospital
Guatemala City, Guatemala
Lúcia Helena Berto
CGLAB/FUNASA Lai King Ng
Secretariat of Health National Laboratory for Enteric
Brasilia – DF, Brazil Pathogens
Health Canada
Winnipeg, Manitoba. Canada
viii Contributors
Teresa Camou María Soledad Prat Miranda
Department of Public General Bacteriology Section
Health Laboratories Institute of Public Health
Bacteriology Unit Santiago, Chile
Ministry of Public Health
Montevideo, Uruguay Esteban Riera Fanego
Public Health Center Laboratory
Elena Campos Chacón Secretariat of Health and Social Welfare
National Reference Center of EDAS/ Asunción, Paraguay
Cholera
Costa Rican Institute of Nutrition and Rosa Sacsaquispe Contreras
Health Investigation and Education Bacteriology Division
Cartago , Costa Rica Special Bacteriology Laboratory
National Institute of Health
Alejandra Corso Lima, Perú
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Doctor Carlos G. Malbrán Institute Roxane Salvatierra González
Buenos Aires, Argentina Unit of Transmissible Diseases
Panamerican Health Organization/World
José Ramiro Cruz Health Organization
Pan American Health Organization Washington, DC. USA
Washington, D.C. 20037
Damarys Sánchez
Cándida de Dantas Souza Bacteriology Department
CGLAB/FUNASA Management of Diagnosis and
Secretariat of Health Epidemiology
Brasilia – DF, Brazil “Rafael Rangel” National Institute of
Hygiene
Silvia Figueiredo Costa Caracas, Venezuela
Division of Control and Prevention
of Infectious Diseases Gabriel Schmunis
PAHO-WHO. Control of Transmissible Diseases Unit
Brasília, Brazil Panamerican Health Organization/
World Health Organization
Jean-Marc Gabastou Washington, DC. USA
Unit of Essential Drugs, Vaccines and
Technology Lily Schuermann
Pan American Health Organization American Society for Microbiology
Washington, D.C. 20037 Washington, D.C. 20036
Marcelo Galas Kimberly Smith
National Institute of Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control
Doctor Carlos G. Malbrán Institute and Prevention
Buenos Aires, Argentina Atlanta, Georgia 30333
Remei Gordillo Daniel Sordelli
Microbiology Section Department of Microbiology
Roosevelt Hospital University Buenos Aires School
Guatemala City, Guatemala of Medicine
Buenos Aires, Argentina 1121
Contributors ix
Janet Fick Hindler Aníbal Sosa
Centers for Disease Control and International Program
Prevention Alliance for Prudent Use of Antibiotics
Atlanta, Georgia 30333 Boston, MA, USA
University of California
Los Angeles, California 90095 Fred C. Tenover
Centers for Disease Control
Blanca Huapaya Cabrera and Prevention
Bacteriology Atlanta, Georgia 30333
National Institute of Health
Lima, Peru Gilda Tolari
Clinical Microbiology Department
Sandra E. Jiménez de Fuentes Doctor Defilló National Public Health
Doctor Max Bloch Bacteriology Central Laboratory
Laboratory Secretariat of Health and Social Welfare
Ministry of Health Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
San Salvador, El Salvador
Christian Trigoso
Steve Lerner National Health Laboratories Institute
Infectious Diseases Division Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
Wayne State University School INLASA
of Medicine La Paz, Bolivia
Detroit, Michigan 48201
Ezequiel Tuduri Franco
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Daniel Lissit
Doctor Carlos G. Malbrán Institute
American Society for Microbiology
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Washington, D.C. 20036
María Luz Zamudio Rojas
Alina Llop Hernández
Bacteriology
National Laboratory of Reference
National Institute of Health
Microbiology
Lima, Peru.
Pedro Kouri, Tropical Medicine Institute
Secretariat of Health
Jeannette Zurita
La Habana, Cuba
Microbiology Laboratory
Vozandes Hospital
Sergio R. López Cruz
Quito, Ecuador
Bacteriology Department
National Reference Center of Diagnosis
Ministry of Health
Managua, Nicaragua
Octavio V. Martinez
Department of Orthopedics
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, Florida 33101