Manual of Allergy and Immunology

504 Pages·2012·3.575 MB·English

by  Daniel C. Adelman, Thomas B. Casale MD, Jonathan Corren MD

MANUAL OF ALLERGY
AND IMMUNOLOGY
Fifth Edition
Editors
Daniel C. Adelman,
MD
Adjunct Professor of Medicine
Allergy and Immunology
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California
Thomas B. Casale,
MD
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Allergy/Immunology
Department of Medicine
Creighton University
Omaha, Nebraska
Jonathan Corren,
MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine
University of California
Director, Research
Allergy Medical Clinic
Los Angeles, California
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Fourth Edition © 2002 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Manual of allergy and immunology / edited by Daniel C. Adelman, Thomas B. Casale, Jonathan Corren.
-- 5th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4511-2051-6
ISBN-10: 1-4511-2051-6
I. Adelman, Daniel C. II. Casale, Thomas B. III. Corren, Jonathan.
[DNLM: 1. Immune System Diseases--Handbooks. 2. Hypersensitivity--Handbooks. WD 301]
616.07’9--dc23
2011036312
Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted
practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any
consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied,
with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the
information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner.
The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage
set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication.
However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of informa-
tion relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each
drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly
important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug.
Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care pro-
vider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice.
To purchase additional copies of this book, call our customer service department at [phone] or fax
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To my wife, Deborah, and children, Arielle,
Nathan, and Gabriel, for their patience, tolerance,
and understanding; and to my parents, Barnet
and Beverly, for the years of support and
encouragement.
Daniel C. Adelman, MD
To my wife, Jean, my son, Jeffrey, my brother, Bill,
and my sister, Mary Ann, for their loving support
and encouragement.
Thomas B. Casale, MD
To the memory of my parents, Herman and Mildred
Corren, for their inspiration and encouragement,
and to my wife, Martha, and children, Jeremy and
Rachel, for their loving support.
Jonathan Corren, MD
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Contributors
Shradha Agarwal, MD Jack J.H. Bleesing, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Department of Medicine Department of Pediatrics
Mount Sinai School of Medicine University of Cincinnati
Assistant Professor Attending Physician
Division of Clinical Immunology Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation
Department of Medicine and Immune Deficiency
Mount Sinai Hospital Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical
New York, New York Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
Shefalee Amin, MD
Fellow Physician Stephen R. Boden, MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellow
University of California, Los Angeles Department of Pediatrics
Los Angeles, California Division of Allergy and Immunology
Marcella Aquino, MD Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina
Clinical Instructor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine Mark Boguniewicz, MD
State University of New York at Stony Brook Professor
Stony Brook, New York Department of Pediatrics
Attending, Allergy & Immunology University of Colorado School of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine National Jewish Health
Winthrop University Hospital Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology
Mineola, New York Denver, Colorado
Robert W. Ausdenmoore, MD Candace Bouler Anz, MD
Professor Fellow, Allergy and Immunology
Department of Pediatrics Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Allergy
Children’s Hospital Medical Center and Immunologic Diseases
Cincinnati, Ohio Department of Internal Medicine
Zuhair K. Ballas, MD Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Professor and Director Fellow, Allergy and Immunology
Division of Immunology Department of Internal Medicine
Internal Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Iowa City, Iowa Lori Broderick, MD, PhD
Leonard Bielory, MD Allergy and Immunology Fellow
Professor Department of Medicine
Center for Environmental Prediction University of California, San Diego
Rutgers University La Jolla, California
STARx Allergy & Asthma Center
David Broide, MB, ChB
Springfield, New Jersey
Professor of Medicine
Attending
Department of Medicine
Medicine, Allergy and Immunology
University of California, San Diego
Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
La Jolla, California
New Brunswick, New Jersey
iv
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Contributors v
Terri F. Brown-Whitehorn, MD Taylor A. Doherty, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Medicine
Department of Pediatrics Department of Medicine
Perelman School of Medicine University of California, San Diego
University of Pennsylvania La Jolla, California
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Mark S. Dykewicz, MD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor of Internal Medicine
A. Wesley Burks, MD
Director, Allergy and Immunology
Chair Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Allergy
Department Of Pediatrics and Immunologic Diseases
University Of North Carolina Department of Internal Medicine
Professor Center for Human Genomics and
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Personalized Medicine
Duke University Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Chief Director, Allergy and Immunology
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department of Internal Medicine
Duke University Medical Center Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Robert K. Bush, MD
Nkiruka U. Erekosima, MD, MPH
Professor Emeritus
Assistant Professor
Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Department of Medicine
University of Wisconsin, Madison
Division of Allergy and Clinical
Madison, Wisconsin
Immunology
Jason W. Caldwell, DO Johns Hopkins University School of
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine and Medicine
Pediatrics Associate Clinical Director
Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Allergy Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
and Immunologic Diseases Johns Hopkins University School of
Department of Internal Medicine Medicine
Wake Forest School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
Attending Physician
Thomas A. Fleisher, MD
Department of Internal Medicine
Chief
Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
Department of Laboratory Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina
National Institutes of Health
Jonathan Corren, MD
Bethesda, Maryland
Associate Clinical Professor
Luz Fonacier, MD
Department of Medicine
University of California Professor of Clinical Medicine
Director, Research Department of Internal Medicine
Allergy Medical Clinic State University of New York at
Los Angeles, California Stony Brook
Stony Brook, New York
Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles,
Head of Allergy and Training Program
MD, PhD
Director
Professor Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Medicine and Pediatrics Winthrop University Hospital
Mount Sinai School of Medicine Mineola, New York
New York, New York
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vi Contributors
David B.K. Golden, MD Stephen C. Lazarus, MD
Associate Professor Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care
Johns Hopkins University Medicine
Director of Allergy Services Director, Training Program in Pulmonary
Department of Medicine & Critical Care
Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Medicine, Senior Investigator,
Baltimore, Maryland Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Medicine
Kernika Gupta, BA
University of California, San Francisco
Research Coordinator
San Francisco, California
Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Estelle Levetin, PhD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Professor of Biology
Department of Biological Science
Joel M. Hartman, MD
The University of Tulsa
Fellow
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Internal Medicine (Allergy/Immunology)
Wake Forest School of Medicine Phil Lieberman, MD
Wake Forest Baptist Health Clinical Professor
Winston-Salem, North Carolina Medicine and Pediatrics
University of Tennessee College of Medicine
John M. Kelso, MD
Memphis, Tennessee
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Internal
Medicine Timothy R. Mainardi, MD, MA
University of California, San Diego School Fellow in Allergy and Immunology
of Medicine Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical
Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Care
Scripps Clinic New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia
San Diego, California University Medical Center
New York City, New York
David A. Khan, MD
Professor of Internal Medicine & Pediatrics Mark H. Moss, MD
Department of Internal Medicine Associate Professor
Division of Allergy & Immunology Medicine and Pediatrics
University of Texas Southwestern Medical University of Wisconsin School of Medicine
Center and Public Health
Staff Attending Physician
Department of Internal Medicine Medicine and Pediatrics
Parkland Memorial Hospital University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics
Dallas Texas Madison, Wisconsin
Eric C. Kleerup, MD William A. Neaville, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine Physician
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Dallas, Texas
Medicine
Harold S. Nelson, MD
David Geffen School of Medicine
Professor of Medicine
at UCLA
Department of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
National Jewish Health
Denver, Colorado
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Contributors vii
Joao B. Oliveira, MD, PhD Jonathan M. Spergel, MD, PhD
Assistant Chief Associate Professor
Immunology Service Department of Pediatrics
Department of Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at University
National Institutes of Health of Pennsylvania
Bethesda, Maryland Chief
Allergy Section, Division of Allergy and
Rodolfo Pascual, MD
Immunology
Assistant Professor
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Department of Internal Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Wake Forest School of Medicine
Attending Physician Jeffrey R. Stokes, MD
Department of Internal Medicine Associate Professor
Wake Forest Baptist Health Department of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina Creighton University Medical Center
Allergy/Immunology Program Director
Debendra Pattanaik, MD
Department of Medicine
Assistant Professor
Creighton University Medical Center
Allergy and Immunology
Omaha, Nebraska
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Staff Physician Ricardo A. Tan, MD
Allergy and Immunology California Allergy and Asthma Medical
Veterans Affairs Medical Center Group Inc.
Memphis, Tennessee Los Angeles, California
Stephen P. Peters, MD, PhD Ritu Verma, MD
Professor Associate Professor
Internal Medicine & Center for Genomics Department of Pediatrics
& Personalized Medicine Research Perelman School of Medicine at University
Wake Forest School of Medicine of Pennsylvania
Attending Physician Section Chief, Gastroenterology
Wake Forest Baptist Health Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Winston-Salem, North Carolina The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sarbjit S. Saini, MD
Associate Professor Robert A. Wood, MD
Department of Medicine Professor of Pediatrics and International
Johns Hopkins University Health
Staff Physician Division of Allergy and Immunology
Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Johns Hopkins Hospital Chief, Division of Pediatric Allergy and
Baltimore, Maryland Immunology
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Jessica Savage, MD
Baltimore, Maryland
Post-doctoral Fellow
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Michelle R. Zeidler, MD
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California
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Preface
The fi fth edition of the Manual of Allergy and Immunology is designed to serve health
care professionals in the diagnosis and management of allergic and other immuno-
logic disorders. Our goals have been to present the basic and essential material clearly
and to provide specifi c information to assist in clinical decision making and treatment
planning.
We selected contributors to this edition for their specifi c expertise. Only currently
accepted therapeutic regimens and dosages are recommended; all material that is con-
sidered investigative is so identifi ed. We have attempted to minimize didactic mate-
rial; what is included has been carefully edited to allow a basic understanding of each
subject. More extensive discussions of each subject are referenced in each chapter
under Selected Readings. In addition, useful addresses on the World Wide Web have
been referenced when such sites are available.
Our overall goal is to have the Manual contain the basic information, collected
in a single source, that is required for the practice of allergy and clinical immunol-
ogy. The specialist will fi nd this manual a convenient reference handbook, while the
generalist will be able to use the Manual as a helpful guide in formulating a diagnostic
and therapeutic approach to patients suspected of having an allergic or immunologic
disorder. We hope that students, house offi cers, and other health care professionals
will fi nd the Manual a useful guide to the clinical practice of allergy and immunology.
Our heartfelt thanks to all of our contributors, for unselfi shly giving their time
and considerable effort preparing their respective chapters. We also thank L ippincott
W illiams & Wilkins for giving us the opportunity to publish the Manual; and our
editor Lisa Consoli, for patiently giving encouragement and editorial assistance
throughout the preparation of this edition.
Daniel C. Adelman
Thomas B. Casale
Jonathan Corren
viii
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Contents
Contributors iv
Preface viii
Introduction to the Immune System 1
1
Lori Broderick (cid:129) Taylor A. Doherty (cid:129) David Broide
Immediate Hypersensitivity: Approach to Diagnosis 29
2
Nkiruka U. Erekosima (cid:129) Sarbjit S. Saini
Aeroallergens and Environmental Factors 52
3
Estelle Levetin (cid:129) William A. Neaville (cid:129) Robert Ausdenmoore (cid:129)
Robert K. Bush
Rhinitis 67
4
Candace Bouler Anz (cid:129) Mark S. Dykewicz
Sinusitis, Nasal Polyps, and Otitis Media 81
5
Ricardo A. Tan (cid:129) Jonathan Corren
Immunotherapy for Inhalant Allergens 93
6
Harold S. Nelson
Allergic and Immunologic Disorders of the Eye 104
7
Leonard Bielory
Asthma Diagnosis 135
8
Stephen C. Lazarus
Asthma Treatment 150
9
Joel M. Hartman (cid:129) Jason W. Caldwell (cid:129) Rodolfo M. Pascual (cid:129)
Stephen P. Peters
Immunologic Diseases of the Lung 173
10
Shefalee Amin (cid:129) Michelle R. Zeidler (cid:129) Eric C. Kleerup
Atopic Dermatitis and Contact Dermatitis 215
11
Mark Boguniewicz (cid:129) Marcella Aquino (cid:129) Luz Fonacier
Urticaria and Angioedema 243
12
Jeffrey R. Stokes (cid:129) Mark H. Moss
ix
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x Contents
Anaphylaxis 259
13
Phil Lieberman (cid:129) Debendra Pattanaik
Insect Allergy 278
14
David B. K. Golden
Drug Allergy 292
15
David A. Khan
Allergic and Nonallergic Reactions to Food 325
16
Stephen R. Boden (cid:129) A. Wesley Burks
Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases 340
17
Terri F. Brown-Whitehorn (cid:129) Kernika Gupta (cid:129)
Ritu Verma (cid:129) Jonathan M. Spergel
Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases 356
18
Shradha Agarwal (cid:129) Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
Approach to the Patient with Recurrent Infections 383
19
Zuhair K. Ballas
Diagnostic Immunology 393
20
Thomas A. Fleisher (cid:129) Joao Bosco Oliveira (cid:129) Jack J. H. Bleesing
Adverse Responses to Vaccines 418
21
John M. Kelso
Complementary Medicine in Allergy and Immunology 430
22
Timothy Ryan Mainardi (cid:129) Leonard Bielory
Building-related Illness 447
23
Jessica Savage (cid:129) Robert A. Wood
Appendix I. Skin Testing Methods 457
Appendix II. Levels of Immunoglobulins in Sera of Normal Subjects by Age 460
Appendix III. Levels of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in Sera of Normal Subjects by Age 461
Appendix IV. Important Pollen and Fungal Spores in North America 462
Appendix V. Educational Resources for Food Allergy 466
Appendix VI. Drug Allergy Procedures 467
Index 474
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