manual international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death alphabetical

524 Pages·2012·7.2 MB·English

BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
SUPPLEMENT 1
MANUAL
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION
OF DISEASES, INJURIES,
AND CAUSES OF DEATH
Sixth Revision of the International Lists
of Diseases and Causes of Death
Adopted 1948
Volume 2
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
Geneva, Switzerland
1949
MANUAL
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL
STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION
OF DISEASES, INJURIES,
AND CAUSES OF DEATH
Volume 2
Alphabetical Index
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Sources of Terms included in Index . xi
Coding of Sole and Multiple Diagnoses xiii
Structure and Use of Alphabetical Index xiv
Criterion for assigning a Given Code Number xv
How to use Index to find Code Numbers xv
Adjectival Forms and Modifiers xvi
Neoplasms ........ . xvi
Eponyms ......... . xvii
Diphthongs and Other Variations in Spelling xvii
Other Special Arrangements xvii
Indexing of Combination Terms . . . . xviii
Special Use of Parentheses . . . . . . . xix
Abbreviations and Symbols used in Index xx
Age Abbreviations xxii
Four-digit Subcategories . . xxii
Disease-code Numbers . xxiii
Accident-code Numbers xxiii
Injuries (N- and E-Codes) xxiv
Definitions supplementing External-cause Index xxv
Late Effects of Disease and Injury . . xxvi
Supplementary Classification (Y-Code). . . . . . xxvii
Alphabetical Index
Section I : Alphabetical Index to Diseases and
Nature of Injury . . . . . . . 1
Section II: Alphabetical Index to External Causes
of Accidents, Poisonings, and
Violence (E-Code). . . . . . . 461
Section III : Alphabetical Index to Causes of Still-
birth. . .......... . 497
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
It should be emphasized again that the International Statistical
Olassification of Diseases, Injuries, and Oauses of Death, of which
the present volume is the Alphabetical Index, is in no sense a nomen
clature and will not conflict with any nomenclature in use in an
institution. The function of a nomenclature is to train the physician
to use the clearest and most acceptable diagnostic terms to describe
a particular clinical case; the function of this coding manual is to
aid a capable diagnosis coder or medical record librarian, with
occasional medical advice, to assign the terms and disease names
used by the attending physician, the clinic, or the hospital to the proper
category in the list for statistical tabulations. The better the nomen
clature the more accurate will be the assignment of diagnoses and
causes of death for statistical classification, but with a complete
index to the code the manual will be usable in connexion with any
nomenclature.
Vital-statistics offices, insurance plans for hospital and medical
care, both private and governmental, need a code and index of this
kind for classifying causes of illness, injury, and death, but have
little or no control over nomenclature. They must accept diagnostic
terms as recorded on medical records and death certificates from a
great variety of physicians, clinics, and hospitals using different
nomenclatures. To meet all coding needs, it has been necessary to
include in the present index many ill-defined and undesirable terms
to indicate to the diagnosis coder where the case should be assigned
even when it goes to an ill-defined rubric. Therefore, the presence
of a term in this manual should not be taken as sanction for its
usage in good medical terminology.
In many instances, the surgeon writes down the surgery
which he performed rather than the disease which made the
operation necessary. When the nature of the operation is such
that it pertains in practically all instances to one diagnosis only, it
seems justifiable to assign that diagnosis to the case. Thus the
index includes names of some surgical operations with an assigned
diagnosis number, althongh the code does not include a classification
x INTRODUCTION
of surgical operations.1 In this index the inclusion of these surgical
terms serves only to classify what is really an incomplete statement
of a medical diagnosis. When there is doubt about the condition
for which the operation was performed, additional information
should be secured wherever possible.
The American and English spellings of many medical terms differ
somewhat because of the American trend towards simplified spelling,
especially through the elimination of diphthongs. The present
index includes both American and English spelling, in contrast to
the use of English spelling only in the List of Categories and the
Tabular List of Inclusions which appear in Volume 1. In many
instances the two spellings come near euough to the same place in
the alphabet for them to be entered on the same line, but if the
words begin with different letters each term appears in its own
alphabetical place.
Since only English, French, and Spanish editions of the I nter
national St£ttistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes
of Death are at present contemplated, this English edition of the
Alphabetical Index includes a number of medical-Latin terms.
These Latin inclusions appear desirable for such English terms as
are not easily recognizable by persons of non-English-speaking
countries, and are given in the index without cross-indexing.
The Alphabetical Index consists of three sections as follows:
Section I (pp. 1-460). Index to the disease section of the code
(categories 001-795) and to th~ section on the nature and anatomical
site of an injury in such terms as: fracture; dislocation; wound,
open; and burn (categories NSOO-N999). These types of term
were both included in Section I of the index because they are similar,
constituting the diagnosis for the case as it would be given by an
attending physician, a clinic, or a hospital.
Section II (pp. 461-495). Index to the external cause of injury
(categories ESOO-E999). These items are in no sense medical diag
noses, but are descriptions of the circumstances nnder which the
accident or violence occurred and of the means of injury. This
section includes such terms as motor-vehicle accident, railway
accident, machinery accident, fire, explosion, and animal injury.
1 The one exception is the title "Hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids
with tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy" (510.1), which was included in the
code because tonsillectomy constitutes in many places the most frequent
cause of admission to general hospitals.
INTRODUCTION xi
It should be noted that the numbers are the same in the two
injury sections (800-999), which means that on a punchcard a
special field must be provided for either the N - or the E-code or
some other method be arranged to identify the two types of code.
Section III (pp. 497-524). Index to the causes of stillbirth (cate
gories Y30-Y39). Since the causes of stillbirth are tabulated sepa
rately from the causes of death of liveborn infants, and also sepa
rately from the illnesses and deaths of mothers during pregnancy,
childbirth, and the puerperium, it would be confusing to have the
stillbirth index combined with any other index. As arranged, the
stillbirth code can be used to classify the causes of death of dead
premature and aborted fretuses as well as of those delivered at
full term.
It should be noted that the "Y " symbol of this code can be
dropped when the stillbirth code is used apart from the main code
for illness and death. Thus with a special punchcard or in a separate
hand tabulation of stillbirths, the stillbirth code can be used as a
three-digit code.
Sources of Terms included in Index
The terms included in this English edition of the Alphabetical
Index to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases,
Injuries, and Oauses of Death come from a variety of sources in
various English-speaking countries. The main sources of terms are
listed below.
1. Manual of the International List of Causes of Death; as adapted for
use in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland; based on the
Fifth Decennial Revision by the International Commission, Paris, 1938.
His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1940.
2. Manual of the International List of Causes of Death; as adapted for
use in the United States (Fifth Revision, Paris, 1938). U.S. Census Bureau.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1940.
3. Manual for coding causes of illness according to a diagnosis code
for tabulating morbidity statistics. (U.S. Public Health Service, Miscel·
laneous Publication No. 32.) Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C., 1944.
4. A provisional classification of diseases and injuries for1£se. in com·
piling morbidity statistics. Committee on Hospital Morbidity Statistics,
Medical Research Council (Special Report Series No. 248). His Majesty's
Stationery Office, London, 1944.
5. Nomenclature of the Royal College of Physicians of London. 7th edit.
His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1948.
xii INTRODUCTION
6. Standard Olassified Nomenclature of Disease. American Medical
Association, Chicago, 1938; and Standard Nomenclature of Disease and of
Operations. American Medical Association, Chicago, 1942.
7. Oanadian Morbidity Oode and Index. Appendix to Bull. Brit. Oolumbia
Bd HUh, 1937, 7, No.1.
8. Berkson, J. A system of codification of medical diagnoses for applica
tion to punchcards, with a plan of operation. Amer. J. publ. Hlth, 1936,
26, 606. (Supplemented by an unpublished alphabetical index from the
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.)
9. Johns Hopkins Hospital, Statistical Department. Olassification of
diagnoses for indexing_ (Mimeographed alphabetical index published by
Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md., 1940.)
10. U.S. Army Medical Department. Ooding book, diseases and trau
matisms (with mimeographed revisions). Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1919.
11. U.S. Army Medical Department. Revised coding instructions (pro
cessed, for office use only), 1944-46.
12. Nomenclature and method of recording diagnoses. U.S. War Depart
ment Technical Bulletin TB MED 203, 19 October 1945. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1945.
13. U.S. Navy Medical Department. Diagnostic nomenclature. Govern
ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1945.
14. Medical terms in common usage in hospitals and clinics of the U.S.
Veterans' Administration during 1947.
15. :JIedical terms in common usage in the Department of Veterans' At]airs,
Ottawa, Oanada.
16. Medical terms in com1non usage in the Medical Services of the Armed
Forces, Ottawa, Oanada.
17. Medical terms in common usage in the Department of National Health
and Welfare, Ottawa, Oanada.
18. .Nomenclature of Diseases and Oond·itions. (U.S. Public Health
Service Miscellaneous Publication No. 16, Revised 1935.) Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1935. (Reprinted and used also by the
U.S. Veterans' Administration until 1947.)
19. Medical terms reported in morbidity surveys of families by U.S.
Public Health Service, such as: (a) The na,tional health survey-scope
and method of the nation-wide canvass of sickness in relation to its social
and economic setting. Publ. Hlth Rep., Wash. 1'B39, 04, 1663; List of national
health survey publications. Publ. HUh Rep., Wash. 1942,57, 834; (b) The
incidence of illness in 9,000 canvassed families, Publ. Hlth Rep., Wash.
1942, 57, 1658.
20. Medical·Latin terms in common usage in European countries, to
supplement English terms whose equivalents in the languages of those
countries are easily recognized (1948).
21. Medical terms submitted by New Zealand Census and Statistics
Department as frequently used in reporting eauses of admissions to New
Zealand public general hospitals (1947).
INTRODUCTION xiii
Thus terms in the index represent those in actual use by physi
cians and various kinds of clinics and hospitals and in morbidity
surveys. Since the diagnosis coder will encounter both good and poor
terms, no attempt was made to exclude poor terms from the Alpha
betical Index. Generally, the terms in the Tabular List (Volume 1)
are the more acceptable or more commonly used medical terms.
All the latter terms are included in the index along with many
others which are less desirable.
As many of the terms were taken from manuals prepared in earlier
years, the index contains expressions that are now rarely, if ever,
used. Although there was no time in preparing the present index to
study present-day usage, such an investigation is contemplated for
the purpose of dropping obsolescent terms from future editions of
the index.
Coding of Sole and Multiple Diagnoses
The numbers assigned to diagnostic statements in the index
cannot be thought of as codes for either primary or contributory
causes. They are merely code numbers for the categories to which
the specific diagnoses listed in the index are assigned. The determi
nation of the underlying or primary cause of death comes from
statements on the death certificate plus the rules given in another
part of this manual (Vol. 1, pp. 343-352). The numbers as given
in the index are suitable for sole, primary, or contributory causes,
except that a few category numbers are marked with an asterisk (*)
to indicate that the category is not to be used as a primary cause
of death if the antecedent condition is known, and not usually to be
used as a primary cause of illness if the antecedent condition is
present.
No specific rules are provided for selecting the primary or
principal cause of an illness or injury involving two or more diseases
or conditions. In many cases it is impossible to set down exactly
what is the principal cause of an illness, and it is felt that in illness
coding it is especially important to code also the contributory causes.
The inclusion in the classification of the considerable number of
combined diagnoses, such as those discussed in a later section, will
eliminate the question of which is the primary cause in a number of
multiple-cause cases where the relationship between the diseases
involved is so close that they are almost multiple phases of the same
disease process.
xiv INTRODUCTION
It is anticipated that in morbidity data there will be a number
of diagnoses which are incomplete because of various situations;
many of these will be records of symptoms which are too indefinite
to indicate a final diagnosis or even a final diagnosis group. Catego
ries 780-789, with fourth-digit subdivisions, represent a large number
of symptoms which, when there is no final diagnosis, can be used to
code such cases. Explanations and notes in the Tabular List of
Inclusions referring to these and other categories should be studied
for further details.
Structure and Use of Alphabetical Index
The present index is a necessary tool without which it becomes
nearly impossible for the average code clerk to achieve uniformity
and speed in the assignment of diagnoses or causes of death to their
proper statistical category in the classification.
It may be thought that an index would need no explanation
except that the terms appear in alphabetical order. The number
of terms needed in a morbidity-mortality index is so large that it is
not practicable to cross-index completely every term. Furthermore,
to make the manual as useful as possible as a coding tool, care has
been taken to make this index indicate specifically the code number
to which a particular diagnosis should be assigned. In achieving this
end many problems of presentation arose which make some explana
tions necessary. For these reasons, it is important for persons making
use of the index to read carefully the following pages, which constitute
a guide to the structure and arrangement of the diagnosis terms.
It is equally important that the diagnostic or cause-of-death coder
should be familiar with the structure and contents of the Inter
national Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of
Death as presented in the Tabular List of Inclusions (Vol. 1,
pp.43-341.) The numerous notes and cross-references in the Tabular
List of Inclusions will help the coder to understand the general
principles and methods of classification underlying the code. .Although
the explanations may appear long and at times involved, the reader
should not conclude that the Alphabetical Index is difficult to use .
.As a matter of fact, a good understanding of the structure and
contents of the index will make for easy coding. By following
these instructions the exact category number for most diagnoses
appearing on medical records and death certificates can be readily
found.'