Manikins for Textile Evaluation

418 Pages·2017·18.37 MB·English

by  Rajkishore Nayak

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Edited by Rajkishore Nayak and Rajiv Padhye
Manikins for Textile Evaluation
The Textile Institute Book Series
Incorporated by Royal Charter in 1925, The Textile Institute was established as the profes-
sional body for the textile industry to provide support to businesses, practitioners and aca-
demics involved with textiles and to provide routes to professional qualifications through
which Institute Members can demonstrate their professional competence. The Institute’s
aim is to encourage learning, recognise achievement, reward excellence and disseminate
information about the textiles, clothing and footwear industries and the associated science,
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Recently Published and Upcoming Titles in The Textile Institute
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Handbook of Technical Textiles, Volume 1, 2nd Edition, A. Richard Horrocks and Subhash
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Handbook of Technical Textiles, Volume 2, 2nd Edition, A. Richard Horrocks and Subhash
C. Anand, 9781782424659
Geotextiles, Robert Koerner, 9780081002216
Advances in Braiding Technology, Yordan Kyosev, 9780081009260
Antimicrobial Textiles, Gang Sun, 9780081005767
Active Coatings for Smart Textiles, Jinlian Hu, 9780081002636
Advances in Women’s Intimate Apparel Technology, Winnie Yu, 9781782423690
Smart Textiles and Their Applications, Vladan Koncar, 9780081005743
Advances in Technical Nonwovens, George Kellie, 9780081005750
Activated Carbon Fiber and Textiles, Jonathan Chen, 9780081006603
Performance Testing of Textiles, Lijing Wang, 9780081005705
Colour Design, Janet Best, 9780081012703
Forensic Textile Science, Debra Carr, 9780081018729
Principles of Textile Finishing, Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury, 9780081006467
High-Performance Apparel, John McLoughlin and Tasneem Sabir, 9780081009048
Manikins for Textile
Evaluation
Edited by
Rajkishore Nayak
RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam
Rajiv Padhye
RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein.
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To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors,
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Contents
List of Contributors xi
Part I Introduction 1
1 Introduction to manikins 3
Rajkishore Nayak
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Types of manikins 8
1.3 Various applications of manikins 10
1.4 Book content 16
1.5 Future trends 19
1.6 Conclusions 21
References 21
Further reading 24
2 Types of thermal manikin 25
Yehu Lu, Kalev Kuklane and Chuansi Gao
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Manikin types 26
2.3 Features in the above manikins 30
2.4 Future trends 42
2.5 Conclusions 45
References 45
Further reading 53
Part II Manikins for design and display 55
3 Manikins in shop display 57
Kalesh Nath Chatterjee, Yamini Jhanji, Shelly Khanna
and Amandeep Manocha
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Visual merchandising 60
3.3 Classification/types of manikins for shop display 62
3.4 Selection of manikins 74
3.5 Lay plans for effective positioning of manikins in shop display 78
3.6 Manikins vis-a-vis conventional techniques of display 82
3.7 Future trends 85
3.8 Conclusions 87
Further reading 88
vi Contents
4 Evaluation of fit and size 89
Norsaadah Zakaria
4.1 Introduction to clothes manikins 89
4.2 Human anthropometrics for clothing sizing system 91
4.3 Apparel fit problem and satisfaction 93
4.4 Body shape evaluation 95
4.5 Manikins’ usage for fit model 97
4.6 Conclusions and recommendation 107
References 108
5 Evaluation of thermo-physiological comfort of clothing using manikins 115
Sumit Mandal, Simon Annaheim, Martin Camenzind and René M. Rossi
5.1 Introduction 115
5.2 Different manikins for evaluating the thermo-physiological
comfort of clothing 116
5.3 Evaluation and calculation methods for the thermo-physiological
comfort of clothing 126
5.4 Critical assessment regarding the thermo-physiological comfort of
clothing 130
5.5 Key issues related to the evaluation of thermo-physiological
comfort of clothing 135
5.6 Summary and conclusions 137
Acknowledgments 137
References 138
6 Evaluation of ergonomics 141
Asis Patnaik and Elspa M. Hovgaard
6.1 Introduction 141
6.2 Different manikin types and their ergonomics 143
6.3 Use of various software for ergonomics 145
6.4 Application areas 147
6.5 Influence of various factors 150
6.6 Recent trends and future directions 153
6.7 Conclusions 154
Acknowledgments 154
References 154
Further reading 157
7 Comparison of manikin tests with wearer trials 159
Rajkishore Nayak and Shadi Houshyar
7.1 Introduction 159
7.2 Thermal manikin testing vs wearer trial 160
7.3 Future directions 167
7.4 Conclusions 168
References 169
Contents vii
8 Drape measurement technique using manikins with the help
of image analysis 173
Awadhesh Kumar Choudhary and Payal Bansal
8.1 Introduction 173
8.2 Manikins 174
8.3 Manikins importance and drapability 179
8.4 Influencing factors of drape 182
8.5 Evaluation of textile materials for drapability 183
8.6 Conventional methods for measurement of drape of fabrics 185
8.7 Computer-aided drape test 186
8.8 Measurement of drape using image analysis on manikin 187
8.9 Conclusions 194
References 194
Further reading 195
Part III Manikins for high-performance textiles 197
9 Evaluation of heat and flame protective performance
of clothing using manikins 199
Sumit Mandal, Martin Camenzind, Simon Annaheim
and René M. Rossi
9.1 Introduction 199
9.2 Background of developing flash fire manikins 200
9.3 Design and working principle of the instrumented stationary
flash fire manikins 202
9.4 Design and working principle of the instrumented dynamic
flash fire manikins 209
9.5 Calculation of the heat and flame protective performance
of clothing by flash fire manikins 212
9.6 Assessment of the heat and flame protective performance
of clothing using instrumented flash fire manikins 215
9.7 Key issues related to the heat and flame protective performance
of clothing 219
9.8 Conclusions 221
References 221
10 Evaluation of steam and hot liquid splash protection using thermal
manikins and simulated tests 225
Yehu Lu
10.1 Introduction 225
10.2 Methods used for evaluation of steam hazard 226
10.3 Methods used for evaluation of hot liquid spray 230
10.4 Future trends 236
10.5 Conclusions 238
References 238
viii Contents
11 Manikins for evaluation of pressure performance 241
Yong-Rong Wang
11.1 Introduction 241
11.2 Manikins used for the evaluation of compression garment 246
11.3 Future trends 255
11.4 Conclusions 257
References 257
12 Manikins for medical textile evaluation 259
Monica P. Sikka
12.1 Introduction to medical textile and its evaluation 259
12.2 Types of manikins 260
12.3 Needs and opportunities for helping saving lives 262
12.4 Various applications of manikins 262
12.5 Simulation in healthcare 265
12.6 Benefits and limitations of using medical simulations 266
12.7 Designing and conducting simulation-based research using
manikins (case studies) 267
12.8 Future of simulation in healthcare 274
12.9 Conclusions 275
References 276
13 Defense applications of manikins 279
Ashvani Goyal
13.1 Introduction 279
13.2 Uses of manikins 279
13.3 Conclusions 297
References 298
14 Automotive applications of manikins 301
Rajesh Mishra
14.1 Introduction 301
14.2 Advanced thermal manikin systems for automotive 305
14.3 Testing of airbags 311
14.4 Computational models for automotive manikins 312
14.5 Thermal insulation for seated persons in vehicles 314
14.6 Mechanical performance (ergonomics) of manikins in automotive 323
14.7 Conclusions 326
References 327
Further reading 329
15 Thermo-physiological simulation 331
Agnes Psikuta, Simon Annaheim and René M. Rossi
15.1 Introduction 331
15.2 Concept of the thermo-physiological human simulator 334
Contents ix
15.3 Thermo-physiological human simulators available to date 338
15.4 Opportunities and constraints of thermo-physiological human
simulators for advanced textiles and apparel research 341
15.5 Conclusions 344
References 345
Part IV Associated problems, care, and maintenance and
future directions in manikins 351
16 Various issues, care, and maintenance of manikins 353
Vinod Kadam and Rajkishore Nayak
16.1 Introduction 353
16.2 Retail manikins 354
16.3 Manikins for technical applications 355
16.4 Troubleshooting and remedies for manikin maintenance 360
16.5 Dangers involved in the care and maintenance 362
16.6 Future trends 362
16.7 Sources of further information and advice 363
16.8 Conclusions 363
Acknowledgments 363
References 364
17 Future directions in the use of manikins 365
Lina Zhai, René M. Rossi and Jun Li
17.1 Introduction 365
17.2 Modeling, simulation, and manikin applications 366
17.3 Future directions in the use of manikins 379
17.4 Conclusions 381
References 382
Index 387