Managing Soils and Terrestrial Systems

665 Pages·2020·22.827 MB·\665

by  Brian D. Fath (Editor), Sven Erik Jorgensen (Editor)

Managing Soils and
Terrestrial Systems
Environmental Management Handbook,
Second Edition
Edited by
Brian D. Fath and Sven E. Jørgensen
Volume 1
Managing Global Resources and Universal Processes
Volume 2
Managing Biological and Ecological Systems
Volume 3
Managing Soils and Terrestrial Systems
Volume 4
Managing Water Resources and Hydrological Systems
Volume 5
Managing Air Quality and Energy Systems
Volume 6
Managing Human and Social Systems
Managing Soils and
Terrestrial Systems
Second Edition
Edited by
Brian D. Fath and Sven E. Jørgensen
Assisted by
Megan Cole
Cover photo: Hohe Wand Nature Park, Austria, N. Fath
Second edition published 2021
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
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© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
First edition published by CRC Press 2013
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ISBN: 978-1-138-34265-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-34625-5 (ebk)
Typeset in Minion
by codeMantra
Contents
Preface.......................................................................................................................xi
Editors .....................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors ............................................................................................................xv
Section i APc: Anthropogenic chemicals
1 Agricultural Soils: Nitrous Oxide Emissions ...................................................3
John R. Freney
2 Agriculture: Energy Use and Conservation .....................................................9
Guangnan Chen and Tek Narayan Maraseni
3 Agriculture: Organic ........................................................................................19
Kathleen Delate
4 Erosion by Water: Accelerated ........................................................................25
David Favis-Mortlock
5 Erosion: Irrigation-Induced ............................................................................35
Robert E. Sojka and David L. Bjorneberg
6 Pesticide Translocation Control: Soil Erosion ................................................41
Monika Frielinghaus, Detlef Deumlich, and Roger Funk
7 Pesticides ......................................................................................................... 53
Marek Biziuk, Jolanta Fenik, Monika Kosikowska, and Maciej Tankiewicz
8 Salt-Affected Soils: Sustainable Agriculture ..................................................83
Pichu Rengasamy
9 Sodic Soils: Irrigation Farming ......................................................................93
David Burrow
vi Contents
Section ii coV: comparative overviews of
important topics for environmental Management
10 Agricultural Soils: Carbon and Nitrogen Biological Cycling ........................99
Alan J. Franzluebbers
11 Agricultural Soils: Phosphorus .......................................................................111
Anja Gassner and Ewald Schnug
12 Erosion and Global Change ...........................................................................119
Taolin Zhang and Xingxiang Wang
13 Erosion and Precipitation ..............................................................................125
Bofu Yu
14 Erosion: History .............................................................................................131
Andrew S. Goudie
15 Erosion by Wind: Global Hot Spots ...............................................................137
Andrew Warren
16 Erosion by Wind: Principles ..........................................................................141
Larry D. Stetler
17 Erosion: Snowmelt ..........................................................................................147
Donald K. McCool
18 Erosion: Soil Quality ......................................................................................153
Craig Ditzler
19 Farming: Organic ...........................................................................................157
Brenda Frick
20 Global Climate Change: World Soils .............................................................165
Rattan Lal
21 Integrated Farming Systems ..........................................................................171
John Holland
22 Organic Soil Amendments .............................................................................177
Philip Oduor-Owino
23 Pasturelands, Rangelands, and Other Grazing Social-Ecological Systems .....183
Radost Stanimirova and Rachael Garrett
24 Salt-Affected Soils: Physical Properties and Behavior ..................................197
Hwat Bing So
25 Sodic Soils: Properties....................................................................................211
Pichu Rengasamy
26 Soil Degradation: Global Assessment ............................................................217
Ahmet Çilek, Suha Berberoğlu, Erhan Akça, Cenk Dönmez, Mehmet Akif Erdoğan,
Burçak Kapur, and Selim Kapur
Contents vii
27 Soil Erosion and Carbon Dioxide ................................................................. 235
Pierre A. Jacinthe and Rattan Lal
28 Soil Quality: Carbon and Nitrogen Gases ....................................................243
Philippe Rochette, Sean McGinn, and Reynald Lemke
29 Sustainable Agriculture: Soil Quality ............................................................251
John W. Doran and Ed G. Gregorich
Section iii cSS: case Studies of
environmental Management
30 Drought and Agricultural Production in the Central Andes ......................259
Claudia Canedo-Rosso, Ronny Berndtsson, and Cintia B. Uvo
31 Mines: Rehabilitation of Open Cut ...............................................................267
Douglas J. Dollhopf
Section iV DiA: Diagnostic tools: Monitoring, ecological
Modeling, ecological indicators, and ecological Services
32 Bioenergy Crops: Carbon Balance Assessment ............................................ 275
Rocky Lemus and Rattan Lal
33 Erosion by Water: Amendment Techniques ..................................................281
X.-C. (John) Zhang
34 Erosion by Water: Assessment and Control .................................................289
José Miguel Reichert, Nadia Bernardi Bonumá, Gustavo Enrique Merten,
and Jean Paolo Gomes Minella
35 Erosion by Water: Empirical Methods .........................................................307
John M. Laflen
36 Erosion by Water: Process-Based Modeling ..................................................317
Mark A. Nearing
37 Erosion by Wind: Source, Measurement, Prediction, and Control ..............321
Brenton S. Sharratt and R. Scott Van Pelt
38 Erosion Control: Tillage and Residue Methods ...........................................343
Richard Cruse, Jerry Neppel, John Kost, and Krisztina Eleki
39 Pest Management: Modeling .........................................................................349
Andrew Paul Gutierrez
40 Soil Quality: Indicators ..................................................................................357
Graham P. Sparling
viii Contents
Section V eLe: Focuses on the Use of Legislation
or Policy to Address environmental Problems
41 Acid Sulfate Soils: Management ...................................................................363
Michael D. Melville and Ian White
42 Agricultural Water Quantity Management ...................................................373
X. S. Qin and Y. Xu
43 Erosion by Water: Vegetative Control .......................................................... 395
Seth M. Dabney and Silvio J. Gumiere
44 Erosion Control: Soil Conservation ..............................................................407
Eric T. Craswell
45 Farming: Organic Pest Management .............................................................415
Ján Gallo
46 Integrated Nutrient Management ..................................................................419
Bal Ram Singh
47 Integrated Pest Management ........................................................................435
H.F. van Emden
48 Integrated Weed Management ......................................................................439
Heinz Müller-Schärer and Alexandra Robin Collins
49 Manure Management: Compost and Biosolids ............................................449
Bahman Eghball and Kenneth A. Barbarick
50 Manure Management: Dairy .........................................................................453
H.H. Van Horn and D.R. Bray
51 Manure Management: Phosphorus ...............................................................459
Rory O. Maguire, John T. Brake, and Peter W. Plumstead
52 Manure Management: Poultry ......................................................................463
Shafiqur Rahman and Thomas R. Way
53 Organic Matter: Management .......................................................................473
R. Cesar Izaurralde and Carlos C. Cerri
54 Pest Management ..........................................................................................483
E.F. Legner
55 Pest Management: Ecological Agriculture ....................................................491
Barbara Dinham
56 Pest Management: Ecological Aspects ..........................................................497
David J. Horn
57 Pest Management: Legal Aspects ...................................................................501
Michael T. Olexa and Zachary T. Broome
Contents ix
Section Vi ent: environmental Management
Using environmental technologies
58 Acid Sulfate Soils: Formation ........................................................................515
Martin C. Rabenhorst, Delvin S. Fanning, and Steven N. Burch
59 Erosion and Sediment Control: Vegetative Techniques ................................523
Samson D. Angima
60 Precision Agriculture: Engineering Aspects ................................................ 529
Joel T. Walker, Reza Ehsani, and Matthew O. Sullivan
61 Sodic Soils: Reclamation ................................................................................535
Jock Churchman
62 Tillage Erosion: Terrace Formation ..............................................................543
Seth M. Dabney and Dalmo A.N. Vieira
Section Vii nec : natural elements
and chemicals Found in nature
63 Erosion by Wind-Driven Rain .......................................................................553
Gunay Erpul, L. Darrell Norton, and Donald Gabriels
64 Organic Matter: Global Distribution in World Ecosystems ........................ 559
Wilfred M. Post
65 Permafrost .....................................................................................................567
Douglas Kane and Julia Boike
66 Salt-Affected Soils: Plant Response ...............................................................573
Anna Eynard, Keith D. Wiebe, and Rattan Lal
Section Viii PRo: Basic environmental Processes
67 Agricultural Runoff .......................................................................................581
Matt C. Smith, David K. Gattie, and Daniel L. Thomas
68 Desertification ...............................................................................................587
David Tongway and John Ludwig
69 Desertification: Prevention and Restoration ................................................ 593
Claudio Zucca, Susana Bautista, Barron Orr, and Franco Previtali
70 Erosion ...........................................................................................................605
Dennis C. Flanagan
71 Erosion by Water: Erosivity and Erodibility .................................................611
Peter I.A. Kinnell
Index ......................................................................................................................627