Managing Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux

222 Pages·2008·1.33 MB·English

Managing Serviceguard Extension for
SAP on Linux (IA64 Integrity and x86_64)

Manufacturing Part Number:T2392-90013
February 2008
Legal Notices
Copyright © 2000-2008 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Serviceguard, Serviceguard Extension for SAP, Serviceguard Extension
for RAC, Metrocluster and Serviceguard Manager are products of
Hewlett-Packard Company, L. P., and all are protected by copyright.
Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for
possession, use, or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212,
Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation,
and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S.
Government under vendor’s standard commercial license.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the
express warranty statements accompanying such products and services.
Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional
warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or
omissions contained herein.
SAP and Netweaver are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP
AG.
HP-UX is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Development
Company, L.P.
JAVA® is a U.S. trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Intel®, Itanium®, registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its
subsidiaries in the United States or other countries.
Oracle ® is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
EMC2, Symmetrix, and SRDF are trademarks of EMC Corporation.
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Contents
1. Understanding Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux
Designing Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Cluster Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . 10
Mutual Failover Scenarios Using the Two Package Concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Robust Failover Using the One Package Concept. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Clustering Stand-Alone J2EE Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Highly Available (HA) NFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Dialog Instance Clusters as Simple Tool for Adaptive Enterprises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The Replicated Enqueue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Dedicated Failover Host. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux File structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Serviceguard and SGeSAP/LX Specific Package Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2. Planning a File System Layout for SAP in a Serviceguard/LX Cluster
Environment
Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
About SAP Configuration Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
About SAP Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
About Impacted File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
About Storage Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Configuration Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
One APAP CI and one DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
One ABAP CI, one ABAP DI and one DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Two ABAP DI’s and one ABAP SCS and one DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Two ABAP DI’s, one ABAP SCS, one JAVA CI, one JAVA SCS, and one DB . . . . . . 57
Two ABAP DI’s, one ABAP SCS, one JAVA CI, one JAVA SCS, one JAVA REP, and one
DB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Putting it all Together. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Why SAP Provides sapcpe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
SHARED NFS: the NFS automounter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Summary of automount file systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Overview Serviceguard packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SGeSAP/LX Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Conclusion: Mount Points, Access Types and SGeSAP/LX Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
MaxDB mount points and SGeSAP/LX packages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Oracle Database Instance Storage Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3. Step-by-Step Cluster Conversion
SGeSAP/LX Naming Conventions and Package Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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Contents
SGeSAP/LX Package Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Installation Tasks and Installation Steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux: cmcluster.config. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
SAP Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
SAP Installation Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Replicated Enqueue Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Linux Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Directory Structure Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Cluster Node Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Cluster Node Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Cluster Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Configuring SGeSAP/LX on Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Serviceguard NFS Toolkit Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Configuration – sap.config. . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Specification of the Packaged SAP Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Configuration of Application Server Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Optional Parameters and Customizable Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Global Defaults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Database Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Additional Steps for Oracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Additional Steps for MaxDB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
SAP WAS System Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
SAP ABAP Engine specific configuration steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
SAP J2EE Engine specific installation steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4. SAP Supply Chain Management
Planning the Volume Manager Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
LVM Option 1: Simple Clusters with Separate Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
LVM Option 2: Full Flexibility - No Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Linux Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Clustered Node Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Cluster Node Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Package Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Service Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
APO Setup Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
General Serviceguard Setup Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
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Contents
5. Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Cluster Administration
Change Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
System Level Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
SAP Software Changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Administration Aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Upgrading SAP Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Switching Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Off and On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Switching Off Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Switching On Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
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Contents
6
Printing History
Table1 Editions and Releases
Printing Part Number Serviceguard Extension for Operating
Date SAP on Linux System
Releases
Oct/04 T1227-90004 x86_32 RHEL 3
SLES 8
Dec/05 T2392-90001 IA64 Integrity SLES 9
July/06 T2392-90010 IA64 Integrity and x86_64 RHEL 4
SLES 9
Feb/08 T2392-90013 IA64 Integrity and x86_64 RHEL 4, RHEL
5 and RHEL 5.1
SLES 9 and
SLES10
The printing date and part number indicate the current edition. The
printing date changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections
and updates which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to
change.) The part number changes when extensive technical changes are
incorporated.
New editions of this manual will incorporate all material updated since
the previous edition.
HP Printing Division:
Business Critical Computing Business Unit
Hewlett-Packard Co.
19111 Pruneridge Ave.
Cupertino, CA 95014
7
About this Manual...
This document describes how to configure and install highly available
SAP systems on Linux using Linux Serviceguard. To get further
information regarding SAP and High Availability in general, please refer
to the SAP documents:
(cid:127) SAP Web Application Server in Switchover Environments
(cid:127) SAP BC High Availability
To understand this document you have to have knowledge of the basic
Serviceguard concepts and commands. Experience in the Basis
Components of SAP will also be helpful.
This manual consists of five chapters:
(cid:127) Chapter 1 "Understanding Serviceguard Extension for SAP"
describes how to design a High Availability SAP Environment and
points out how SAP components can be clustered.
(cid:127) Chapter 2 "Planning a File System Layout for SAP in a Serviceguard
Cluster Environment" proposes the recommended high available file
system and shared storage layout for the SAP landscape and
database systems.
(cid:127) Chapter 3 "Step-by-Step Cluster Conversion" describes the
installation of Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux step-by-step
down to the Linux command level.
(cid:127) Chapter 4 "SAP Supply Chain Management" specifically deals with
the SAP SCM and liveCache technology, gives a Storage Layout
proposal and leads through the Serviceguard Extension for SAP on
Linux cluster conversion step-by-step.
(cid:127) Chapter 5 "Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Cluster
Administration" gives a impression on Change Management and
general Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Administration
aspects, as well as the use of different Linux platforms in a mixed
cluster environment.
8
Understanding Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux
1 Understanding Serviceguard
Extension for SAP on Linux
HP Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux (IA64 Integrity and
x86_64) hereafter documented as HP Serviceguard Extension for SAP on
Linux, extends HP Serviceguard’s failover cluster capabilities to SAP
application environments. Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux
continuously monitors the health of each SAP cluster node and
automatically responds to failures or threshold violations. It provides a
flexible framework of package templates to easily define cluster packages
that protect various components of a mission-critical SAP infrastructure.
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux provides a single, uniform
interface to cluster SAP R/3, mySAP, SAP Web Application Server
(SAPWAS), SAP Netweaver and SAP stand-alone J2EE based SAP
applications in a vast range of supported release versions. The
Serviceguard Extension for SAP also clusters underlying databases. On
demand, SAP liveCache cluster packages can be created.
It is possible to combine all clustered components of a single SAP system
into one failover package for simplicity and convenience. There is also
the full flexibility to split components up into several packages to avoid
unwanted dependencies and to lower potential failover times. Multiple
SAP applications of different type and release version can be
consolidated in a single cluster.
Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux enables the SAP virtualization
capabilities. It is possible to use Serviceguard Extension for SAP on
Linux to move redundant SAP ABAP Application Server Instances
between hosts to quickly adapt to changing resource demands or
maintenance needs. With Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux it is
possible to utilize SAP Replicated Enqueue technology.
This chapter introduces the basic concepts used by Serviceguard
Extension for SAP on Linux and explains several naming conventions.
The topics include:
(cid:127) Designing Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Cluster
Scenarios
(cid:127) Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Product Structure
Chapter 1 9
Understanding Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux
Designing Serviceguard Extension for SAP on Linux Cluster Scenarios
Designing Serviceguard Extension for SAP on
Linux Cluster Scenarios
SAP applications can be divided into one or more distinct software
components. Most of these components share a common technology layer,
the SAP Web Application Server (SAPWAS). The SAP Web Application
Server is the central building block of the SAP Netweaver technology.
Each Web Application Server implementation comes with a
characteristic set of software Single Points of Failure. These will become
installed across the cluster hardware according to several high
availability considerations and off-topic constraints, resulting in an
individual configuration recommendation.
There are various publications available from SAP and third parties that
describe the software components used by SAP applications in more
detail. It is recommended to refer to these documents to get a basic
familiarity before continuing to read. It is also recommended to
familiarize with Serviceguard clustering and virtualization by reading
the Serviceguard product manual Managing Serviceguard, eleventh
edition or higher. The latest version can always be found at
http://docs.hp.com/en/ha.html#Serviceguard.
Each software Single Point of Failure (SPOF) defines a Serviceguard
Extension for SAP on Linux package type. Serviceguard Extension for
SAP on Linux follows a consistent naming convention for these package
types. The naming conventions were created to be independent of SAP
software release versions. This allows using a similar approach for each
SPOF, regardless of whether it appears in the latest SAP Netweaver
stack or a SAP software that was released before the first design of SAP
Web Application Server. Older SAP components sometimes only support
a subset of the available clustering options.
10 Chapter 1