Table Of ContentCarolina Machado · J. Paulo Davim
Editors
Managing
Organizational
Diversity
Trends and Challenges in Management
and Engineering
Managing Organizational Diversity
Carolina Machado J. Paulo Davim
(cid:129)
Editors
Managing Organizational
Diversity
Trends and Challenges in Management
and Engineering
123
Editors
Carolina Machado J.PauloDavim
Schoolof Economics andManagement Department ofMechanical Engineering
University of Minho University of Aveiro
Braga Aveiro
Portugal Portugal
ISBN978-3-319-54923-1 ISBN978-3-319-54925-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54925-5
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017933070
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom
therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the
authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor
for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
Printedonacid-freepaper
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature
TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
Managing Organizational Diversity—Trends and Challenges in Management and
Engineering covers the issues of organizational diversity in nowadays organiza-
tions.Markets,dayafterday,arechangingmoreandquickerthanever.Alloverthe
world academics as well as practitioners are seeking to understand how organiza-
tions manage and/or can manage the diversity of knowledge, skills, people,
workforce, cultures, and approaches that they are facing day after day, in order to
obtain more effective competitive advantages. They are anxious to know what
trendsandchallengestheyneedtodealwithinordertobecomecompetitiveandact
in a pro-active way. Nowadays, greater than ever before, the need to manage this
diversity is one of the main aims of organizational management. Successful orga-
nizations are those which understand the importance of all their assets, namely,
financial, physical, material, human, and intellectual. The management of all
of them is of critical relevance to the organization.
Consciousoftheimportanceoftheseissues,andinordertoanswertheconcerns
expressedbymanyacademics,aswellasexecutivesandmanagers,thisbooklooks
to help these professionals to understand and implement in their organizations
effective strategies, policies, and practices of how to manage organizational
diversity. It looks to show what are the different trends and challenges that orga-
nizations are facing in the way how they manage and/or need to manage their
organizational diversity.
Lookingtocommunicatetherecentdevelopmentsandthinkinginwhatconcerns
the latest research activity relating to organizational diversity management
world-wide,thepresentbookprovidesdiscussionandtheexchangeofinformation
onprinciples,strategies,models,techniques,methodologies,andapplicationsofthe
organizationaldiversitymanagement,trendsandchallenges,inthefieldofindustry,
commerce and services.
Following these concerns, this book provides, in seven chapters, a channel of com-
munication to disseminate, among academics/researchers, managers and engineers, the
wayhoworganizationsaredevelopinginordertomaximizeandincreasetheaddvalue
thattheycanobtainfromtheirorganizationaldiversityandthewayhowthisdiversityis
managed. More precisely, Chap. 1 discusses “Inclusion: Diversity Management 2.0”;
v
vi Preface
Chap. 2 contains information about “Hard Times, Less Compassion? Distinct
Perspectives Towards Distinct Minorities in the Portuguese Organizational Context”;
Chap. 3 covers “Cultural Complexity in Large Organisations”, Chap. 4 describes
“Employee and Human Resource Managers Perceptions About Family-Friendly Work
Practices: A Case Study Focused on Perceived Organizational Support”, Chap. 5
focuses on “Workforce Diversity in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Is Social
IdentificationStrongerThantheBusinessCaseArgument?”,Chap.6givesinformation
about “Gender and Entrepreneurship in Angola: Narratives of the ‘Muambeiras’ of
Lubango”,finally,inChap.7“ExpatriateWomen:ADreamWaitingtoComeTrue”is
presented.
These theoretical and practical contributions will lead to an upper level of
knowledge of these functional managerial and business subjects, at the same time
that it will contribute to the acquisition of new conceptual skills able to answer to
the challenges and changes set by the competitive business environment in which
organizations are involved.
TheEditorsacknowledgetheirgratitudetoSpringerforthisopportunityandfor
theirprofessionalsupport.Finally,wewouldliketothanktoallchapterauthorsfor
their interest and availability to work on this project.
Braga, Portugal Carolina Machado
Aveiro, Portugal J. Paulo Davim
Contents
Inclusion: Diversity Management 2.0.... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 1
Deirdre O’Donovan
Hard Times, Less Compassion? Distinct Perspectives Towards
Distinct Minorities in the Portuguese Organizational Context..... .... 29
Iris Barbosa
Cultural Complexity in Large Organisations . .... .... .... ..... .... 49
Nick G. Chandler
Employee and Human Resource Managers Perceptions About
Family-Friendly Work Practices: A Case Study Focused
on Perceived Organizational Support ... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
Sandra Amorim and Gina Gaio Santos
Workforce Diversity in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Is
Social Identification Stronger Than the Business Case Argument?. .... 95
David Starr-Glass
Gender and Entrepreneurship in Angola: Narratives
of the ‘Muambeiras’ of Lubango... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 119
Evanice Nadya and Emilia Fernandes
Expatriate Women: A Dream Waiting to Come True .. .... ..... .... 135
Claudia Carvalho and Carolina Feliciana Machado
Index .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 153
vii
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Carolina Machado received her Ph.D. degree in Management Sciences (Organizational and
PoliticsManagementarea/HumanResourcesManagement)fromtheUniversityofMinhoin1999,
and Master degree in Management (Strategic Human Resource Management) from Technical
UniversityofLisbonin1994.TeachingintheHumanResourcesManagementsubjectssince1989
atUniversityofMinho,shehasbeenAssociateProfessorsince2004,withexperienceandresearch
interest areas in the field of human resource management, international human resource man-
agement,humanresourcemanagementinSMEs,traininganddevelopment,managementchange,
and knowledge management. She is Head of Human Resources Management Work Group at
UniversityofMinho,aswellasChiefEditoroftheInternationalJournalofAppliedManagement
SciencesandEngineering(IJAMSE).
J. Paulo Davim received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering in 1997, M.Sc. degree in
Mechanical Engineering (materials and manufacturing processes) in 1991, DipEng Graduate (5
years) in Mechanical Engineering in 1986,from theUniversity ofPorto (FEUP), theAggregate
titlefromtheUniversityofCoimbrain2005andaD.Sc.fromLondonMetropolitanUniversityin
2013. He is Eur Ing by FEANI-Brussels and Senior Chartered Engineer by the Portuguese
Institution of Engineers with a MBA and Specialist title in Engineering and Industrial
Management. Currently, he is Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the
University of Aveiro. He has more than 30 years of teaching and research experience in manu-
facturing,materialsandmechanicalengineeringwithaspecialemphasisinmachining&tribology.
Recently, he has also interest in management/industrial engineering and higher education for
sustainability/engineeringeducation.Hehasreceivedseveralscientificawards.Hehasworkedas
evaluator of projects for international research agencies as well as examiner of Ph.D. thesis for
many universities. He is the Editor in Chief of several international journals, guest editor of
journals, books editor, book series editor and scientific advisory for many international journals
andconferences.Presently,heisaneditorialboardmemberof30internationaljournalsandactsas
reviewerformorethan80prestigiousWebofSciencejournals.Inaddition,hehasalsopublished
aseditor(andco-editor)morethan80booksandasauthor(andco-author)morethan10books,60
book chapters and 400 articles in journals and conferences (more than 200 articles in journals
indexedinWebofScience/h-index36+andSCOPUS/h-index45+).
ix
x EditorsandContributors
Contributors
Sandra Amorim Department of Management, School of Economics and
Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Iris Barbosa Department of Management, School of Economics and
Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Claudia Carvalho Department of Management, School of Economics and
Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Nick G. Chandler Budapest Business School, Budapest, Hungary
Emilia Fernandes Department of Management, School of Economics and
Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Carolina Feliciana Machado Department of Management, School of Economics
and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Evanice Nadya Department of Management, School of Economics and
Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Deirdre O’Donovan Department of Organisational and Professional
Development, School of Business, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown,
Cork, Ireland
Gina Gaio Santos Department of Management, School of Economics and
Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
David Starr-Glass University of New York in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic;
EmpireStateCollege,StateUniversityofNewYork,SaratogaSprings,NY,USA;
Jerusalem, Israel
Inclusion: Diversity Management 2.0
Deirdre O’Donovan
Abstract This chapter discusses the concept of inclusion, and proposes that
organisations should move beyond traditional diversity management initiatives
towards inclusion. It is not suggested that organisations skip over diversity man-
agement. Instead, it is suggested that they begin with diversity management and
movetowardsinclusion,which,asthetitleofthischaptersuggests,canarguablybe
considered Diversity Management 2.0. This chapter begins by defining and
explainingtheconceptofdiversityanddiversitymanagement,beforepresentingan
argument for inclusion and outlining how organisations may begin their inclu-
sionary efforts.
Diversity: What Is It?
Diversity is not a new phenomenon, rather has always been present in societies.
Any two people are diverse from each other, no matter how similar they may
appear.Giventhatdiversityhasalwaysbeenpresentinsocieties,itisarguablethat
diversityhasalsoalwaysbeenpresentinorganisations[1].Anapparentincreasein
diversityinworkforcestodaymaybeattributabletoanumberoffactors,including,
for example, globalisation, anti-discrimination legislation and changes in demo-
graphics[2–8].Regardlessofthereasonforitspresence,andorganisationalinterest
intheconcept,inordertobetterunderstandwhatdiversitymeansfororganisations,
the concept must first be understood.
Although ever-present, defining diversity is difficult. First, difficulties lie in the
factthatdiversityconcernsbothvisibleandinvisiblecharacteristics[8,9],andcan
be considered subjective, meaning it is created by individuals who characterise
othersassimilar or dissimilar to themselves[10]. Diversity can also be considered
context dependant, as individuals cannot be defined as “different” in isolation,
D.O’Donovan(&)
DepartmentofOrganisationalandProfessionalDevelopment,SchoolofBusiness,
CorkInstituteofTechnology,RossaAvenue,Bishopstown,Cork,Ireland
e-mail:[email protected]
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 1
C.MachadoandJ.P.Davim(eds.),ManagingOrganizationalDiversity,
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-54925-5_1
