Managing Airports, Third Edition: An international perspective

354 Pages·2008·2.3 MB·English

by  Anne Graham

Managing Airports
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Managing Airports:
An International
Perspective
T hird edition
Anne Graham
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD
PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier
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First edition 2001
Second edition 2003
Third edition 2008
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ISBN: 978-0-7506-8613-6
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Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction 1
2 The changing nature of airports 10
Traditional airport ownership and management 11
Moves towards commercialization 12
Why privatization? 15
The privatization timetable 23
Types of privatization 25
The airport operators and investors 51
The consequences of privatization and internationalization
of the airport industry 59
3 Airport economics and performance benchmarking 68
Industry profi t levels 69
Revenue and cost structures 71
Factors infl uencing costs and revenues 76
Measuring economic performance and effi ciency 79
4 Airport operations and service quality 96
Differentiation of service levels 97
Service quality 105
Security issues 121
Check-in processes 128
Biometric identifi cation and registered passenger schemes 132
5 The airport–airline relationship 138
The structure of aeronautical charges 139
The level of aeronautical charges 146
The impact of aeronautical charges on airline operations 147
The airport regulatory environment 152
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Contents
Regulation of individual airports 154
Slot allocation 163
Ground handling issues 173
6 The provision of commercial facilities 186
The importance of commercial facilities 187
The market for commercial facilities 188
Approaches to the provision of commercial facilities 197
The commercial contract and tender process 200
Factors driving success 202
Measuring non-aeronautical performance 207
Recent developments and future trends 211
7 Airport competition and the role of airport marketing 229
Airport competition 230
The birth of airport marketing 239
Marketing concepts 240
Airport marketing techniques 247
8 The economic and social impact of airports 272
The wider picture 273
Airports as generators of economic activity 274
Measuring the direct, indirect, and induced impacts 276
Airports and economic development 282
Incentives to encourage economic development 289
9 The environmental impact of airports 294
Growing concerns for the environment 295
The main impacts 296
The role of other transport modes 309
Environmental management 314
10 Future prospects 320
Index 329
● ● ● ● ● vi
List of Figures
1.1 Airport passengers by world region, 2007 3
1.2 Airport cargo tonnes by world region, 2007 3
1.3 The world’s 20 largest airports by total passengers, 2006 4
1.4 The world’s 20 largest airports by cargo tonnes, 2006 5
1.5 The world’s 20 largest airports by aircraft movements, 2006 5
1.6 The world’s 20 largest airports by international terminal
passengers, 2006 6
1.7 Airport passenger growth by main region, 2000–2007 7
2.1 Ownership of Vienna airport up until 1992 19
2.2 Ownership of Vienna airport after IPO in 1992 19
2.3 Ownership of Vienna airport after secondary offering in 1995 19
2.4 Ownership of Vienna airport after changes in 2001 20
2.5 Total passengers at Vienna airport, 1993–2006 20
2.6 Profi tability – Vienna airport group, 1993–2006 21
2.7 Traffi c at ‘ private company ’ French regional airports 2006 22
2.8 Ownership of Toulouse airport 2007 23
2.9 External capital funding at larger US airports in 2001–2005 46
2.10 External capital funding at smaller US airports in 2001–2005 46
2.11 Structure of HTA 57
3.1 Operating margin of world airlines and airports
1998/1999–2006/2007 71
3.2 Total costs per 1000 ATUs for world airports 2005/2006 86
3.3 Total factor productivity (net variable factor measure)
for world airports 2005/2006 89
4.1 Aircraft movements at Kuala Lumpur airport 2002–2006 104
4.2 Airport use of biometric identifi cation 130
4.3 Airport use of self-service kiosks 133
5.1 Aeronautical charges and taxes for a regional cross-border
A319 turnaround in 2007 at world airports 146
5.2 Landing and passenger charges as a share of total costs
for UK airlines, 2005/2006 148
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List of Figures
6.1 Non-aeronautical revenue per passenger at ACI airports by
world region, 2006 194
6.2 Non-aeronautical revenue at ACI airports by revenue
source, 2006 195
6.3 Airport retail revenue per square metre 210
6.4 Non-aeronautical revenue per passenger 1998-2007 at
UK airports 211
6.5 Retail space at BAA UK airports, 1990–2006 220
7.1 Passenger traffi c at Irish airports 1995–2007 266
8.1 The economic impact of airports 275
8.2 Employment at European airports in 2001 277
9.1 Estimated 2002 ground-level airport-related NO emissions 306
x
9.2 Average daily split of airport-related vehicle trips on
landside roads 312
10.1 Average annual airport passenger forecasts by regional
2006–2025 325
10.2 Forecast airport passengers by world region, 2025 325
● ● ● ● ● viii
List of Tables
1.1 Growth in passenger numbers at the world’s 20 largest
airports 1990–2006 7
2.1 Examples of airport privatization through share fl otations 26
2.2 Examples of airport privatization through trade sales 28
2.3 Examples of airport privatization through concession
agreements 32
2.4 Examples of airport privatization through project fi nance 34
2.5 Ownership patterns at main UK airports, 2007 39
2.6 Traffi c and profi tability growth at main UK airports,
1987–2006 41
2.7 Privatization details of Australian airports 43
2.8 Total airport traffi c at Indian airports 2002–2007 49
2.9 Privatization projects at Indian airports 51
2.10 Hochtief AirPort portfolio of airports 56
2.11 Macquarie Airport portfolio of airports 58
3.1 Profi tability for 50 major airport operators, 2006/2007 70
3.2 Airport operating revenue sources 71
3.3 Average revenue and cost structures at European airports,
1983–2007 72
3.4 Revenue and cost structures at a selection of European
airports, 2006/2007 74
3.5 Revenue and cost structures at a selection of major US
airports, 2006/2007 75
3.6 Revenue and cost structures at a selection of other
airports, 2006/2007 76
3.7 Performance indicators commonly used to assess
economic performance 84
3.8 Examples of airport effi ciency studies 88
4.1 LCC needs and requirements of airport terminals 99
4.2 Examples of LCC facilities and terminals 101
4.3 Physical details of the LCCT at Kuala Lumpur 104
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