Table Of ContentSpringer Water
Martina Zelenakova
Petr Hlavínek
Abdelazim M. Negm Editors
Management
of Water
Quality and
Quantity
Springer Water
The book series Springer Water comprises a broad portfolio of multi- and
interdisciplinary scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone
interestedin water-relatedscience.The seriesincludespeer-reviewed monographs,
edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. Its volumes combine all
kinds of water-related research areas, such as: the movement, distribution and
quality of freshwater; water resources; the quality and pollution of water and its
influence on health; the water industry including drinking water, wastewater, and
desalinationservicesandtechnologies;waterhistory;aswellaswatermanagement
and the governmental, political, developmental, and ethical aspects of water.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13419
í
Martina Zelenakova Petr Hlav nek
(cid:129) (cid:129)
Abdelazim M. Negm
Editors
Management of Water
Quality and Quantity
123
Editors
Martina Zelenakova Petr Hlavínek
Technical University of Kosice BrnoUniversity ofTechnology
Kosice, Slovakia Brno, Czech Republic
Abdelazim M.Negm
Faculty of Engineering
Zagazig University
Zagazig,Egypt
ISSN 2364-6934 ISSN 2364-8198 (electronic)
SpringerWater
ISBN978-3-030-18358-5 ISBN978-3-030-18359-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18359-2
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Preface
The subject of water resources management is a very wide-ranging one, and only
some of the most important aspects are covered in this volume. It soon became
apparent that although a number of good books may be available on specific parts
ofthetopic,notextcoveredtherequiredbreadthanddepthofthesubject,andthus
theideaofManagementofWaterQualityandQuantitybookcameabout.Thebook
has been treated as the product of teamwork of 30 distinguished researchers and
scientists from different institutions, academic, and research centres with major
concernsregardingwaterresources,agriculture,landandsoil,rainwaterharvesting,
and water quality and quantity.
Thebookcanserveasareferenceforpractitionersandexpertsofdifferentkinds
oforganisations with responsibilitiesfor themanagement ofwater, land, andother
natural resources. Equally, we hope that researchers, designers, and workers in the
fieldofwatermanagementandagriculturecoveredinthebookwillfindthetextof
interestandausefulreferencesource.Thelandscapewhichissustainablymanaged
conserves water, lowers the rate and volume of run-off waterfrom rain, snowmelt,
and irrigation, and helps reduce the amount of pollutants reaching surface water.
Water is an important medium regarding the transport, decomposition, and
accumulation of pollutants, whether of natural or anthropogenic origin, which in
excessiveamountsrepresentconsiderablerisksforallkindsoflivingorganismsand
thusalsoforhumanbeings.Thesteptowardseffectiveprotectionofwaterresources
is to know their quality. Systematic investigation and evaluation of the occurrence
ofsurfacewaterandgroundwaterwithintheCzechRepublicandothercountriesas
well is a basic responsibility of the state, as an indispensable requirement for
ensuring the preconditions for permanently sustainable development as well as for
maintaining standards of public administration and information. The fundamental
requirement in this context is to optimise water quality monitoring and assessment
and the implementation of necessary environmental measures.
This volume consists of 16 chapters. “The introduction” is written by the
editorswithinputsfromalltheauthors.Itistointroducethebooktotheaudiences
whereabriefsummaryofeachchapterispresented.Chapter2titled“Stormwater
Management in Urban Areas” was prepared by Jakub Raček and Petr Hlavínek
v
vi Preface
fromBrnoUniversityofTechnology,FacultyofCivilEngineering,AdMaSCentre.
Itisdevotedmainlytothemanagementofstormwaterinthecities.Chapter3titled
“The Green Roofs and Facades as a Tool of Climate Cooling in the Urban
Environment” written by Martin Šenfeldr, Petr Maděra, Pavla Kotásková, and
Jitka Fialová from Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood
Technology, Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology and
Department of Landscape Management and Miroslav Kundrata and Vlastimil
Rieger from Czech Environmental Partnership Foundation. It introduces green
facadesandgreenroofsintheCzechRepublic.Theresultsfromonlinemonitoring
ofthevapourfromgreenroofsandthecoolingeffecthavebeenshown,andtheroof
andurbanheatislandshavebeendiscussed.DavidDuchan,andJaromirŘíhafrom
Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Water
Structures, are the authors of Chap. 4 “Infiltration of Rainwater in Urban
Areas”. In this chapter, the review of the most used facilities for infiltration is
presented together with a brief description of the geotechnical investigation and
hydraulic approach recommended in the Czech Republic. On the other hand,
“Stream Water Quality Modelling Techniques”—Chap. 5—was also prepared
byJaromírŘíha.Inthischapter,practicalexamplesofscreeninganddetailedwater
quality studies applying modelling techniques are introduced. Chapter 6 titled
“Pharmaceuticals in the Urban Water Cycle” was prepared by Adéla Žižlavská
and Petr Hlavínek from Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil
Engineering, AdMaS Centre. This chapter provides the existing knowledge about
pathways of entry, occurrence, degradation, and behaviour of drugs in the water
cycle,especiallyinsewagesystems.Thereducedqualityandyieldofwaterleadto
an increase to reusing wastewater in the Czech Republic. Chapter 7 titled
“BiologicalAuditsintheSystemofWaterTreatmentControl”waspreparedby
JanaŘíhováAmbrožováfromInstituteofChemicalTechnology,Prague,Facultyof
Environmental Technology, Department of Water Technology and Environmental
Engineering. It discusses the significance of biological analysis in solving various
problems during the treatment of raw water from reservoirs and streams. The
conceptofreusedwastewaterinbuildingsisbasedonthetreatmentoflesspolluted
greywater.ThegreywaterreusemainlyinurbanareasisdiscussedinChap.8titled
“Gray Water Reuse in Urban Areas” by Jakub Raček. Chapter 9 titled “The
Necessary Documents for the Design Documentation for Water Supply and
Sewerage Systems in the Czech Republic”, which was prepared by Vojtěch
Václavík and Tomáš Dvorský from Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of
Mining and Geology, Institute of Environmental Engineering, focuses on the
explanationandextensionoftheknowledgefromtheareaofdesigndocumentation
for the field of sewerage systems, sewer connections, water supply systems and
water-servicepipesbothfortheprofessionalandnon-professionalpublic.Chapter10
“Evaluation of Technical Condition of Sewerage Systems Operated by
Municipalities in the Czech Republic” was prepared by Petr Hluštík from Brno
University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, AdMaS Centre, and
Martina Zelenakova. This chapter deals with the comparison of the technical
conditionofseweragesystemsintheCzechRepublicoperatingbywatercompanies
Preface vii
and operated by municipalities themselves. Chapter 11 “Numerical Modelling
of the Fluid Flow at the Outlet from Narrowed Space for a Better Water
Management”waspreparedbyVladimíraMichalcováandKamilaKotrasová.Itis
dedicatedtoproblemsofnumericalmodellingofNewtonianfluidflowsinchanging
flow space. Chapter 12 titled “Numerical Modelling of Fluid Domain Flow in
Open Top Channel” was prepared by the same authors Kamila Kotrasová and
Vladimíra Michalcova to provide a theoretical background for the influence of
choosing mesh parameters on seismic response of fluid domains by numerical
simulation of problems fluid–structure interaction during extremely loading.
Chapter 13 titled “Monitoring of Changes in Water Content in Soil Pores of
Earth-FillDams”waspreparedinaninternationalcooperationbyJankaPařílková
and Zbyněk Zachoval from Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil
Engineering, Institute of Water Structures; Milan Gomboš and Danka Pavelková
fromInstituteofHydrology,SlovakAcademyofScience,SlovakRepublic;Boriss
Gjunsburgs and Jekabsons Gints from Department of Water Technology, Institute
of Heat, Gas and Water Technology, Water Engineering and Technology, Riga
Technical University, Latvia; Yanko Yanev and Daniela Toneva-Zheynova from
DepartmentAutomationofManufacturing,FacultyofAutomationandComputing,
Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria; Tymoteusz Zydroń and Andrzej Tadeusz
Gruchot from Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, Faculty of
Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in
Krakow, Poland. In this chapter, the team of the authors provides a view of
international cooperation and its achievements when dealing with a project of
applied research in the EUREKA programme, which was focused on the devel-
opment and construction of monitoring technology enabling changes in water
content to be monitored in a porous medium, exactly monitoring of water seepage
inearth-filldam.DavidDuchan,AlešDrábandJaromirŘíhafromBrnoUniversity
of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Water Structures, are
authors of Chap. 14 “Flood Protection in the Czech Republic”. It is focused on
flood risk assessment and management generally and specifically in the condition
oftheCzechRepublic.Chapter15titled“SmallHydropowerPlantsintheCzech
Republic” was also prepared by David Duchan and Aleš Dráb. The chapter pro-
videsanoverviewofthecurrentuseofhydropowerpotentialintheCzechRepublic
insmallhydropowerplants.Thelastchapter,writtenbyeditors,contains“Updates,
Conclusions and Recommendations for Management of Water Quality and
Quantity” which closes the book volume by the main conclusions and recom-
mendations of thevolume, inaddition toan update of some finding which may be
missed by the contributors of the volume.
Special thanks to all who contributed in one way or another to make this
high-qualityvolumearealsourceofknowledgeandthelatestfindingsinthefieldof
ManagementofWaterQualityandQuantity.Wewouldlovetothankalltheauthors
for their invaluable contributions. Without their patience and effort in writing and
revising the different versions to satisfy the high-quality standards of Springer, it
would not have been possible to produce this book and make it a reality. Much
appreciation and great thanks are also owed to the editors of the Earth and
viii Preface
EnvironmentalSciencesseriesatSpringerfortheconstructivecomments,advice,and
thecriticalreviews.Acknowledgementsareextendedtoincludeallmembersofthe
Springerteamwhohaveworkedlongandhardtoproducethisvolumeandmakeita
realityfortheresearchers,graduatestudents,andscientistsaroundtheglobe.
The volume editor would be happy to receive any comments to improve future
editions. Comments, feedback, suggestions for improvement, or new chapters for
next editions are welcomed and should be sent directly to the volume editors. The
emailsoftheeditorscanbefoundinsidethebooksatthefootnoteoftheirchapters.
Brno, Czech Republic Abdelazim M. Negm
January 2019
Zagazig, Egypt Martina Zelenakova
January 2019
Kosice, Slovakia Petr Hlavínek
December 2019
Contents
Part I Introducing the Book
1 Introduction to the “Management of Water Quantity
and Quality”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Petr Hlavínek, Abdelazim M. Negm and Martina Zelenakova
Part II Rainwater in Urban Areas
2 Stormwater Management in Urban Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Jakub Raček and Petr Hlavínek
3 The Green Roofs and Facades as a Tool of Climate Cooling
in the Urban Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Martin Šenfeldr, Petr Maděra, Pavla Kotásková, Jitka Fialová,
Miroslav Kundrata and Vlastimil Rieger
4 Infiltration of Rainwater in Urban Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D. Duchan and J. Říha
Part III Water Quality and Reuse
5 Stream Water Quality Modelling Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Jaromír Říha
6 Pharmaceuticals in the Urban Water Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Adéla Žižlavská and Petr Hlavínek
7 Biological Audits in the System of Water Treatment Control. . . . . 163
Jana Říhová Ambrožová
8 Gray Water Reuse in Urban Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Jakub Raček
ix
