Management of spent fuel from nuclear power reactors : proceedings of an international conference on spent fuel from nuclear power reactors

506 Pages·2007·6.775 MB·English

by  International Atomic Energy Agency., OECD Nuclear Energy Agency

Management of Spent Fuel
from Nuclear Power Reactors
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MANAGEMENT OF SPENT FUEL
FROM NUCLEAR POWER
REACTORS
The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency:
AFGHANISTAN GREECE NORWAY
ALBANIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN
ALGERIA HAITI PALAU
ANGOLA HOLY SEE PANAMA
ARGENTINA HONDURAS PARAGUAY
ARMENIA HUNGARY PERU
AUSTRALIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES
AUSTRIA INDIA POLAND
AZERBAIJAN INDONESIA PORTUGAL
BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR
BELARUS IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
BELGIUM IRELAND ROMANIA
BELIZE ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION
BENIN ITALY SAUDI ARABIA
BOLIVIA JAMAICA SENEGAL
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SERBIA
BOTSWANA JORDAN SEYCHELLES
BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SIERRA LEONE
BULGARIA KENYA SINGAPORE
BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVAKIA
CAMEROON KUWAIT SLOVENIA
CANADA KYRGYZSTAN SOUTH AFRICA
CENTRAL AFRICAN LATVIA SPAIN
REPUBLIC LEBANON SRI LANKA
CHAD LIBERIA SUDAN
CHILE LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN
CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND
COLOMBIA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
COSTA RICA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN
CÔTE D’IVOIRE MADAGASCAR THAILAND
CROATIA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV
CUBA MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
CYPRUS MALI TUNISIA
CZECH REPUBLIC MALTA TURKEY
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA
OF THE CONGO MAURITANIA UKRAINE
DENMARK MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF
ECUADOR MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND
EGYPT MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND
EL SALVADOR MONTENEGRO UNITED REPUBLIC
ERITREA MOROCCO OF TANZANIA
ESTONIA MOZAMBIQUE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ETHIOPIA MYANMAR URUGUAY
FINLAND NAMIBIA UZBEKISTAN
FRANCE NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA
GABON NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM
GEORGIA NICARAGUA YEMEN
GERMANY NIGER ZAMBIA
GHANA NIGERIA ZIMBABWE
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PROCEEDINGS SERIES
MANAGEMENT OF SPENT FUEL
FROM NUCLEAR POWER
REACTORS
PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON MANAGEMENT OF SPENT FUEL FROM
NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS
ORGANIZED BY THE
INTTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
IN COOPERATION WITH THE
OECD NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY
AND HELD IN
VIENNA, 19–22 JUNE 2006
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
VIENNA, 2007
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© IAEA, 2007
Printed by the IAEA in Austria
July 2007
STI/PUB/1295
IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
International Conference on Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear
Power Reactors (2006 : Vienna, Austria) Management of spent fuel
from nuclear power reactors / organized by the International Atomic
Energy Agency in cooperation with the OECD Nuclear Energy
Agency held in Vienna, Austria, 19–22 June 2006. — Vienna : The
Agency, 2007.
p. ; 24 cm. — (Proceedings series, ISSN 0074–1884)
STI/PUB/1295
ISBN 92–0–102107–0
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Radioactive waste disposal — Management — Congresses.
2. Spent reactor fuels — Management — Congresses. I. International
Atomic Energy Agency. II. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.
III. Series: Proceedings series (International Atomic Energy Agency).
IAEAL 07–00482
FOREWORD
National strategies for the management of spent fuel vary, ranging from
reprocessing to direct disposal. This indicates that spent fuel is regarded
differently by countries — as a resource by some and as a waste by others. At
the moment most spent fuel is in storage at nuclear power plants, at a few
centralized storage sites and at reprocessing facilities. The next steps towards
the disposition of spent fuel are either reuse, through reprocessing, or disposal
in geological repositories. Because progress on implementing these strategies is
slow in most countries, the amounts of spent fuel in storage are increasing. The
prospect of a revival of the nuclear power industry in the next decades indicates
that even more spent fuel could go into storage. On the other hand, spent fuel
has been successfully and safely stored in wet and dry conditions for several
decades without serious problems, but without decisions on more permanent
solutions there could be the prospect of continued storage for times of up to
and beyond one hundred years. The management of spent fuel is, for strategic,
economic, safety and security reasons, a key issue for the future of nuclear
power and is an issue that many States have yet to decide upon.
The IAEA organized this conference on the management of spent fuel
from nuclear power reactors to facilitate the exchange of information on the
subject among Member States and to look for common approaches to the
issues identified. The conference was organized in cooperation with the OECD
Nuclear Energy Agency and held in Vienna from 19 to 22 June 2006. The
conference was arranged in eight topical sessions: the evolving international
scene, the international safety regime, criticality safety, storage term limits,
storage facilities, storage containers, fuel and cladding properties and
behaviour, and looking to the future. The conference was structured to
promote discussion within the sessions and in focused panel sessions. This
publication includes the opening and closing speeches, the keynote papers, the
summaries of the panel discussions and sessions, the Conference President’s
summary and a summary. A CD-ROM containing the unedited contributed
papers to the conference can be found at the back of this book.
The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were E. Warnecke of
the Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety and W.J. Danker of the
Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology.
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CONTENTS
SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
OPENING SESSION
Opening Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Y.A. Sokolov
Opening Address. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
T. Tanaka
President’s Opening Adress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
J. Bouchard
SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT — THE EVOLVING
INTERNATIONAL SCENE (Session 1.A)
International perspectives on spent fuel management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
E. Amaral, K. Brockman, H. Forsström,
An international perspective on the management of spent fuel . . . . . . . . . 31
T. Tanaka
Multinational approaches relevant to spent fuel management . . . . . . . . . . 41
B. Pellaud
Global nuclear energy partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
L. Brown
Initiative by the President of the Russian Federation on global
nuclear infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
A. Zrodnikov
Back end of the nuclear fuel cycle: The French choices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
F. Fouquet
Evolving policies in expanding economies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
S.K. Jain
Spent fuel: Nuclear security issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
M. Gregoric
INTERNATIONAL SAFETY REGIME (Session 1.B)
Implementation of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel
Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management. . . . . 117
A.-C. Lacoste
Towards a consistent set of harmonized safety standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
A.-C. Lacoste
Transport issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
S. Whittingham
CRITICALITY SAFETY (Session 2)
Current issues in criticality safety, including burnup credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
J.-C. Neuber
Potential benefits of burnup credit in Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
G. Hordósy
The South African experience in spent fuel management
at the Koeberg nuclear power plant — The perspective
of the National Nuclear Regulator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
S. Rokita, T.F. Hill, G.A. Clapisson
New approach to nuclear safety assessment of the WWER-440
reactor pool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
E.A. Dudka, Y. Kovbasenko
INTERNATIONAL SAFETY REGIME (Session 3)
Licensing aspects of spent fuel storage as a function of timescales. . . . . . . 221
P. Lietava
PANEL DISCUSSION (Session 3)
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
W. Brach
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
A. Lavrinovich
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
V. Khotylev
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
K. Shirai
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
P. Standring
Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
I. Pechera
Panel Discussion: Term related licensing issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253