Management of Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight of Soybean and Biology of Sclerotia of Rhizoctonia

110 Pages·2017·2.57 MB·English

LLoouuiissiiaannaa SSttaattee UUnniivveerrssiittyy
LLSSUU DDiiggiittaall CCoommmmoonnss
LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School
1987
MMaannaaggeemmeenntt ooff RRhhiizzooccttoonniiaa AAeerriiaall BBlliigghhtt ooff SSooyybbeeaann aanndd BBiioollooggyy
ooff SScclleerroottiiaa ooff RRhhiizzooccttoonniiaa SSoollaannii KKuuhhnn ((LLoouuiissiiaannaa))..
Gary Fischer Joye
Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses
RReeccoommmmeennddeedd CCiittaattiioonn
Joye, Gary Fischer, "Management of Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight of Soybean and Biology of Sclerotia of
Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn (Louisiana)." (1987). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4364.
https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4364
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It
has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU
Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected].
INFORMATION TO USERS
While the most advanced technology has been used to
photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of
the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of
the material submitted. For example:
• Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such
cases, the best available copy has been filmed.
• Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such
cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to
obtain missing pages.
• Copyrighted material may have been removed from
the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the
deletion.
Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are
photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the
upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in
equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is
also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an
additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23”
black and white photographic print.
Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive
microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic
copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge,
35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints
are available for any photographs or illustrations that
cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography.
Order Number 8719872
Management of Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight of soybean and
biology of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn
Joye, Gary Fischer, Ph.D.
The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1987
U-M-I
hX) N. Zccb Rd.
PLEASE NOTE:
In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy.
Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V
1. GI ossy ph otog raph s or pag es ^
2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_______
3. Photographs with dark background ^
4. Illustrations are poor copy _
5. Pages with black marks, not original copy______
6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page________
7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages________
6. Print exceeds margin requirements______
9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine________
10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______
11. Page{s)_____________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or
author.
12. Page{s)_____________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows.
13. Two pages numbered________. Text follows.
14. Curling and wrinkled pages______
15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received__________
16. Other___________ ________ ____
University
Microfilms
International
MANAGEMENT OF kHIZOCTONIA AERIAL BLIGHT OF SOYBEAN
AND
BIOLOGY OF SCLEROTIA OF RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI KUHN
A Di ssertation
Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the
Louisiana State University and
Agr icultural and Mechanical College
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
in
The Department of Plant Pathology
and Crop Physiology
by
Gary Fischer Joye
B.S., University of Georgia, 1980
M.S., Northeast Louisiana University, 1982
May 1987
To
MARIANNE
i i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author expresses sincere gratitude to his major professor,
Di. Jerry Berggren, for his advice in planning and conducting this
investigation and for suggestions in the preparation of the
manuscript. Special appreciation is also given to Dr. David
MacKenzie for his support, and for making facilities of the
Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology available.
Deep appreciation is expressed to Mr. Gene Pace for his expertise
and advice on computer usage, to Mr. Dana Berner and Dr. James
Geaghan for their assistance in the statistical analysis of data.
Special thanks are due Mr. Jim Gershey, Mr. Ted White, Mr. Jerry
Freedman, Mr. Phil Lewis and Mr. Robert Miller for their help in the
time-comsuming and laborious field work.
Appreciation is due Dr. Johnnie P. Snow, Dr. David Boethel, Dr.
Lowell Urbatsch, Dr. Edward McGawley and Dr. Warren Meadows for
their serving on the author's advisory committee and editing of the
manuscript. The author thanks Dr. Edward E. Butler for providing
isolates of Rhizoctonia solani used in portions of this research.
The author expresses deep appreciation to his wife, Marianne,
for her understanding and patience throughout this research
program.
1 1 i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................i i i
TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................v
LIST OF TABLES................................................ vii
LIST OF FIGURES................................................ ix
ABSTRACT......................................................xiii
iv
TABLR OF CONTENTS
Chapter I........................................................... 1
Literature Review................................................ .1
Introduction..........................................................1
The Causal Organism...............................................A
Anastomosis Relationships within solani..................... 6
Developmental Changes in Sclerotia of The Rhizoctonia
Aerial Blight Fungus..............................................7
Chemical Controls and Cultural Practices........................8
Soybean Cultivar Resistance......................................9
Literature Cited................................................. 10
Chapter II.................................... ................... 1A
The Effects of Rowspacing, Plant Population and Potassium
Levels on Rhizoctonia Aerial Blight of Soybeans...............1A
Introduct ion..................................................... 1A
Materials and Methods............................................15
Field Studies.....................................................15
The Disease Rating System....................................... 19
Statistical Analysis.............................................20
Results and Disc us si on...........................................2A
The Disease Rating System....................................... 2A
1983 Field study.................................................2A
198A Field study.................................................26
1985 Field Study.................................................27
Cone lus ions..........................................................29
v
Table of Contents (Cont.)
Literature Cited................................................. 31
Appendix 1........................................................35
Appendix 2........................................................60
Chapter III........................................................61
Anatomical and Morphological Changes and Survival of
Sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani AG1 Buried in Soil........... 61
Introduct ion......................................................61
Materials and Methods........................................... 62
Survival of Sclerotia........................................... 62
Preliminary Study................................................ 62
Field Study.......................................................63
Fixation for Scanning Electron Microscopy and Thin-section
Electron Microscopy..............................................64
Results and Discussion.......................................... 65
Survival of Sclerotia............................................65
Observations on Anatomical and Morphological Changes in
Sclerotia Buried in Soil........................................ 66
Scanning Electron Microscopy....................................66
Thin-section Electron Microscopy............................... 68
Conclusions.......................................................71
Literature Cited................................................. 73
Appendix of Tables and Figures..................................75
Vita.............................................................. 91
vi