Management of Intentional and Accidental Water Pollution (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security)

354 Pages·2006·9.7 MB·English

by  Gyula Dura

Management of Intentional and
Accidental Water Pollution
NATO Security through Science Series
This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO
Programme for Security through Science (STS).
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NATO views or policy.
Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses to convey the latest
developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience
Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but
informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for
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Following a transformation of the programme in 2004 the Series has been re-named and
re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings
supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series.
The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction
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Sub-Series
A.Chemistry and Biology Springer
B.Physics and Biophysics Springer
C.Environmental Security Springer
D.Information and Communication Security IOS Press
E.Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press
http://www.nato.int/science
http://www.springer.com
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Series C:Environmental Security – Vol. 11
Management of Intentional and
Accidental Water Pollution
edited by
Gyula Dura
National Institute of Environmental Health of “Jozsef Fodor”
National Center for Public Health,
Budapest, Hungary
Veska Kambourova
National Center of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition,
Sofia, Bulgaria
and
Fina Simeonova
National Center of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition,
Sofia, Bulgaria
Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Management of Intentional and Accidental Water Pollution
Sofia, Bulgaria
8–12 May 2005
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4799-1 (PB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4799-2 (PB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4798-3 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4798-5 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4800-9 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4800-5 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
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Printed in the Netherlands.
CONTENTS
PREFACE ............................................................................................................... ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................. xi
VESKA KAMBOUROVA
POTENTIAL WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS POSED
BY INTENTIONAL/ACCIDENTAL INTERVENTIONS.............................. 1
GYULA DURA, SANDOR SZOBOSZLAI, BALAZS KRISZT,
ZOLTAN PRIVLER, SANDOR RUZS-MOLNAR
QUANTITATIVE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTING
FROM GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION OF AN
ABANDONED OPEN FIELD CHEMICAL
WASTE BURNING SITE...............................................................................11
HERMANN H. DIETER
ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF CHEMICAL
WARFARE AGENTS AND WARFARE TOXINS
IN DRINKING WATER..................................................................................23
FERENC LÁSZLÓ
LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE CYANIDE
AND HEAVY METAL ACCIDENTAL WATER POLLUTION
IN THE TISA RIVER BASIN IN THE YEAR 2000..................................... 43
HANS-MARTIN MULISCH
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION ON FORMER
MILITARYSITESANDHAZARDS TO THE DRINKING
WATER IN GERMANY: INVENTORY AND HEALTH RISK
ASSESSEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS.................. 51
ANAHIT ALEKSANDRYAN
CONTAMINATION OF WATER BASINS OF ARMENIA
BY PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS.............................................65
v
vi
DOMENICA AUTERI AND MANUELA MANGIAROTTI
PESTICIDE RISK ASSESSMENT TO PROTECT
AQUATIC SYSTEMS..................................................................................... 75
JOAN B. ROSE
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
OF BIOLOGICAL RISKS FOR WATER ...................................................... 85
ANDREA TÖRÖKNÉ
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS LIKE THREAT CAUSING
ONES OR TOOLS FOR DETECTING HAZARDS...................................103
ZDENEK FILIP AND KATERINA DEMNEROVA
MICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO CHEMICAL
CONTAMINANTS - AN ESSENTIAL PRECONDITION
OF NATURAL ATTENUATION IN GROUNDWATER AQUIFER ..........113
TALEB HAMID, REQIA SAGOU, RACHID AMANHIR
SPECIFIC BIOLOGICAL THREATS IN WESTERN
MEDITERRANEAN REGION....................................................................129
TOMISLAV RIZOV, VESKA KAMBOUROVA, JORDAN SIMEONOV
AND IVAN I. BENCHEV
IS ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION WITH POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS A PROBLEM FOR BULGARIA.......................................... 137
VLADIMÍR BENCKO
DOES SURFACE WATER TREATMENT NEED SPECIAL
MEASURES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC?...............................................151
NICOLAE OPOPOL
WATER MANAGEMENT IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA.
PRINCIPAL THREATS................................................................................167
HAMID TALEB
WATER MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO.................................................177
LIVIU – DANIEL GALATCHI
THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL ACCIDENTAL
AND INTENTIONAL POLLUTED WATER
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .........................................................................181
vii
ANNA POTAPENKO
RISK FOR PREGNANT WOMEN DUE TO BIOLOGICAL
AND CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF DRINKING WATER. .....................185
ALFRED BERNARD AND CLAIRE DE BURBURE
CHEMICAL TERRORISM: THREATS TO WATER SUPPLIES..............193
GALINA GOPINA
WATER FRAME DIRECTIVE – AN EFFECTIVE
APPROACH FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION
OF WATER SOURCES IN CASE OF EMERGENCIES
AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL ..........................................................................201
CARLO RIPARBELLI, MARIANUNZIA CAMBARERI,
MARCO PASTORI AND STEFANO BRENNA
WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE:
THE CASE OF LOMBARDY - NORTH ITALY........................................211
OLGA SIVOCHALOVA AND SOFYIA PLITMAN
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL WATER SAFETY
FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROTECTION.....................................231
MÁTYÁS BORSANYI AND GYULA DURA
MAINTENANCE AND IMPROVEMENT OF DRINKING
WATER SAFETY WITH ESPECIAL REGARD TO ITS
ROLE IN FOOD SAFETY...........................................................................241
GIOVANNA AZIMONTI AND GIUSEPPE TRIACCHINI
PESTICIDES AND SURFACE WATER. THE ROLE
OF MODELING AS A TOOL TO MANAGE CONTAMINATION..........249
BOGDANA KOUMANOVA AND ZVEZDELINA YANEVA
LOW-COST ADSORBENTS FOR THE REMOVAL
OF NITROPHENOLS FROM WASTE WATERS.......................................263
MAGDY HEFNY
ACTUALIZING WATER ETHICS IN THE REGIONAL
CONTEXT OF THE ARAB WORLD..........................................................277
PETRO SMALKO
ETHICAL ASPECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
AND MANAGEMENT.................................................................................311
viii
IOAN S. BOCSAN AND MARIA IRINA BRUMBECIU
ENSURING ADEQUATE REACTION IN CASE
OF EXTREME WATER POLLUTION THROUGH
TRAINING AND EDUCATION..................................................................321
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION..........................................................................331
ANDREA TÖRÖKNÉ
POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL THREATS FOR EUROPE..............................333
JOAN B. ROSE
WATER SECURITY AND THE THREATS
FROM BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF CONCERN.......................................337
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.....................343
Preface
Scientists, representing the fields of agriculture, biodiversity, ecology
epidemiology, medicine, microbiology, public health, toxicology, risk
assessment, environmental protection and bioethics from 15 countries and 3
continents came together in May 8-12 2005, in Sofia, Bulgaria to discuss
the future of water safety and security. The goals of the workshop included a
discussion of the state of the science in identification of new research and
approaches for water pollution events and communication of the management
of water pollution and sustainability of water resources.
Critical to management of accidental and intentional pollution events is
the assessment of the risk, an understanding of the hazards and lessons learned
from events which may lead to preventative management and control
strategies. Public health protection will ultimately be improved by the ability
to develop management frameworks which are flexible and adaptable to the
specific region, country or watershed problems and concerns and allow for
prioritization in the decision making.
The integration of scientific information regarding the types of hazards
the environmental fate of the chemical/biological, exposure pathways and
human and ecosystem impacts may be implemented from both a qualitative
or descriptive approach or using a more classical quantitative risk assessment
paradigm. Thus the frameworks for assessing the risk and managing the risk
may be seen as preventive, early warning and responsive.
The hundreds of biological hazards are as diverse as the list of chemical
pollutants and represent groups belonging to algae, bacteria, helminthes,
parasites, and viruses. The sources include sewage and animal wastes as
well as organisms in the natural water environment that can cause infections
or produce toxins. Exposure pathways are complex, recreational waters and
drinking waters (at the source, at the treatment plant, in groundwaters and
distribution systems) are at risk and these organisms also impact the food
chain. In addition, the natural occurring biological integrity of the water is
key to ecosystem health and impacts of pollutants can be observed by
examining the aquatic microbial populations of a system.
ix