Mammalian endocrinology and male reproductive biology

360 Pages·2016·13.796 MB·English

by  Singh, Shio Kumar

Mammalian
Endocrinology
and Male
Reproductive
Biology

Mammalian
Endocrinology
and Male
Reproductive
Biology
Edited by
Shio Kumar Singh
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Version Date: 20150720
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This book is dedicated to the memory of my revered teacher,
late Professor C J Dominic, who introduced me to the field of
mammalian endocrinology and male reproductive biology.

Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................ix
Editor ..................................................................................................................xi
Contributors .....................................................................................................xiii
1 Sexual Dimorphism in the Central Nervous System ..............................1
DES GILMORE
2 Mammalian Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone .................................31
EDATHIL VIJAYAN
3 Gonadotropins: Past, Present and Future ............................................43
KAMBADUR MURALIDHAR, RAJESH CHAUDHURI,
SHAH SADDAD HUSSAIN AND NIKKI KUMARI
4 Endocrine Regulation of Spermatogenesis in Mammals ......................77
HANUMANTHAPPA KRISHNAMURTHY AND M. RAM SAIRAM
5 Role of Apoptosis in Spermatogenesis ..................................................97
AMIYA P. SINHA HIKIM
6 The Epididymis: Structure and Function ...........................................115
MOHAMMAD A. AKBARSHA, KUNNATHODI FAISAL AND

ARUMUGAM RADHA
7 Regulation of Growth and Function of Epididymides .......................167
NIRMALA SINGH YADUVANSHI, SHAYU N. DESHPANDE,
VIJAYAKUMAR GOVINDARAJ AND A. JAGANNADHA RAO
8 Role of Sperm Surface Molecules in Motility Regulation ..................197
GOPAL C. MAJUMDER, SUDIPTA SAHA, KAUSHIK DAS, DEBJANI
NATH, ARUNIMA MAITI, SOUVIK DEY, DEBARUN ROY, CHINMOY
SANKAR DEY, SUTAPA MITRA, AJAY RANA, JITAMANYU
CHAKRABARTY, SUJOY DAS, ARPITA BHOUMIK, SASWATI
BANERJEE, MAHITOSH MANDAL, BIJAY SHANKAR JAISWAL,
PRASANTA GHOSH, ABHI DAS, DEBDAS BHATTACHARYYA AND
SANDHYA REKHA DUNGDUNG
vii
viii ◾ Contents
9 Male Accessory Sex Glands: Structure and Function .........................245
MARGOT FLINT, DEBRA A. McALISTER, ASHOK AGARWAL AND
STEFAN S. DU PLESSIS
10 Reproductive Endocrinology and Contraception in the Male ...........259
MANNENCHERIL RAJALAKSHMI, PRAMOD CHANDRA PAL AND
RADHEY SHYAM SHARMA
11 Molecular Mechanism of Androgen Action .......................................285
MAHENDRA KUMAR THAKUR
12 Genomics of Male Infertility ..............................................................299
KIRAN SINGH AND RAJIVA RAMAN
Index ...........................................................................................................319
Preface
The compiling of this book was taken up to create a reference book for readers
interested in mammalian endocrinology and male reproductive biology. This disci-
pline has witnessed considerable progress over the past several years. Keeping this
in view, an attempt has been made to provide up-to-date information on the recent
developments in this field. Unlike a book written by a single author, this book is
the result of a multiauthor effort and provides comprehensive systematic coverage
of topics in mammalian endocrinology and male reproductive biology.
There are 12 chapters in this book. Chapter 1 reviews the evidence for sexual
dimorphism in the central nervous system and considers the mechanisms by which
this is brought about. Chapter 2 on mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) presents an account of its structure, control of release and potential func-
tions. Chapter 3 on gonadotropins – past, present and future – provides a coherent
view of gonadotropins of pituitary origin and their role in the regulation of gonadal
functions. In this chapter, selected topics concerning pituitary protein hormones
and their influence on gonadal processes are discussed, and these include their
purification, structural highlights, microheterogeneity, in vivo and in vitro bioassay,
regulation of biosynthesis and secretion, their receptors in gonadal tissue, and clini-
cal usage. Chapter 4 presents an account of endocrine regulation of spermatogen-
esis. This chapter illustrates how hormones of the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal
axis regulate the process of spermatogenesis. Chapter 5 discusses the role of apop-
tosis in spermatogenesis and highlights the signal transduction pathways involved
in apoptosis of germ cells in the testis. Chapter 6 provides a detailed account of
structure and function of the epididymis, which plays a major role in physiologi-
cal maturation of spermatozoa, and this maturation process is a prerequisite for
the sperm to acquire the ability to be motile and to fertilise the oocyte. Chapter
7 deals with regulation of growth and function of epididymides. Hormones such
as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgen and oestrogen are known to play
role in regulation of epididymal growth and function, so their role in this regula-
tion is discussed. Chapter 8 describes sperm forward motility initiating and regu-
lating molecules located on surface of sperm cell in the epididymis. The authors
have focussed on the sperm cell surface molecules with special reference to external
domain. In Chapter 9, structure and function of the male accessory sex glands are
ix
x ◾ Preface
described. The major male accessory sex glands are the seminal vesicles, prostate
glands and Cowper’s glands, and this chapter provides details of their structure
and function, with associated pathologies. Chapter 10 focuses on recent advances
in male contraception along with a resume of the male reproductive processes and
male reproductive endocrinology, which form the basis for the development of
male-based contraceptive regimens. Chapter 11 describes molecular mechanism
of androgen action. In this article, the author has reviewed current progress in
understanding the molecular mechanism of androgen action with emphasis on
coregulators and their role in physiology and pathology, particularly with a focus
on the brain. Finally, Chapter 12 deals with genomics of male infertility. It is well
to remember that infertility due to male factor contributes approximately 50% of
the infertility cases in humans. A number of autosomal as well as sex chromosomal
genes have been identified that are believed to play a pivotal role in the production
of viable, normal and functional sperm. In this chapter, the authors discuss diverse
aspects of male infertility and the role of genome.
There are inevitably some overlaps, but these are essential for flow and clarity
of the subject matter, and efforts have been made to restrict these to the minimum.
The chapters have been written by authors who are acknowledged leaders in their
respective fields. I wish to express my personal gratitude to all of them for their
valuable contribution and overwhelming support and encouragement. This book
could not have been completed without their fullest cooperation. My thanks are
also due to my research students for their help, and I wish to record my special
appreciation to Ms. Deepanshu Joshi for her invaluable help in many ways. I will
be failing in my duty if I do not acknowledge my wife for the sustained support in
her own way.
Thanks are also due to colleagues at CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, especially to
Dr. Chuck Crumly, Hayley Ruggieri and Amanda Parida for their efforts in ensur-
ing the successful publication of this book.
Finally, I accomplished this task with the Holy Blessings of my Gurumaa and
Gurudev. I hope this book will be useful to all those interested in the area of mam-
malian endocrinology and male reproductive biology be they students, teachers or
researchers.
Shio Kumar Singh