Table Of ContentMale Fertility 
and its Regulation
Advances in Reproductive Health Care 
Series Editor: E. S. E. Hafez 
LHRH and Its Analogs: Contraception and 
Therapeutic Applications 
Edited by B.H. Vickery, J.J. Nestor Jr. and E.S.E. Hafez 
Spontaneous Abortion 
Edited by E. S. E. Hafez 
Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy 
Edited by E. S. E. Hafez 
Biomedical Aspects of IUDs 
Edited by H. Hasson, W.A.A. van Os and E.S.E. Hafez 
Prostaglandins and Fertility Regulation 
Edited by M. Toppozada, M. Bygdeman and E.S.E. Hafez 
Male Fertility and Its Regulation 
Edited by T.J. Lobi and E. S. E. Hafez
Advances in 
Reproductive Health Care 
Male Fertility 
and its  Regulation 
Editors 
T.J. Lobi and E.S. E.  Hafez 
M.TP PRESS LIM.ITED 
~ 
~ a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP 
LANCASTER / BOSTON / THE HAGUE / DORDRECHT
Published in the UK and Europe by 
MTP Press Limited 
Falcon House 
Lancaster, England 
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 
Male fertility and its regulation.-
(Advances in reproductive health care) 
1. Fertility, Human  2. Birth control 
I. LobI. T.J.  II. Hafez, E.S.E.  III. Series 
612'.61  QP253 
Published in the USA by 
MTP Press 
A division of Kluwer Boston Inc 
190 Old Derby Street 
Hingham, MA 02043, USA 
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 
Main entry under title: 
Male fertility and its regulation. 
(Advances in reproductive health care) 
Based on the proceedings from the Symposium on Male Fertility and Its Regulation 
which was held as part of the Reproductive Health Care Congress, 10-15 Oct. 1982 in 
Kaanapali, Hawaii. 
Includes bibliographies and index. 
1. Generative organs, Male-Effect of drugs on-Congresses. 2.  Contraceptive 
drugs-Congresses. 
I.  Lobi, T.J.  II. Hafez, E.S.E. (Elsayed Saad Eldin), 1922- .  III. Symposium on 
Male Fertility and Its Regulation (1982: Kaanapali, Hawaii)  IV.  Reproductive Health 
Care International Symposium (1982: Kaanapali, Hawaii)  V.  Series. [ONLM: 
1.  Contraceptive Agents, Male-congresses.  2.  Fertility-drug effects 
congresses.  3.  Genitalia, Male-physiology-congresses.  4. Gossypol 
pharmacodynamics-congresses.  QV 177 M2455 1982] 
RC877.M35  1984  613.9'432  84-23408 
ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8667-7  e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-4894-5 
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-4894-5 
Copyright © 1985 MTP Press Limited 
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1985 
All rights reserved. No part of this publication 
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval 
system, or transmitted in any form or by any 
means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, 
recording or otherwise, without prior permission 
from the publishers.
Contents 
List of Contributors  ix 
Preface  xiii 
I.  NON-HORMONAL ANTIFERTILITY AGENTS 
3-lndazole-carboxylic acids as male antifertility 
agents  3 
B. Silvestrini, V. Cio/i, C. DeMartino and P.Scorza Barcellona 
2  Chemotherapeutic agents and male reproduction  13 
P.K. Bajpai and K.J. Anderson 
3  Effects of 5-thio-o-glucose on male fertility  25 
J.R. Daniel and R.L. Whistler 
II.  DRUGS AND MALE FERTILITY 
4  Therapeutic drug effects on male reproductive 
function  39 
C. G. Smith and J.E. Harclerode 
5  Reversible male infertility induced by sulphasalazine  49 
C. O'Morain, P. Smethurst and A.J. Levi 
6  Effects of illicit drugs on male reproduction  55 
J. Harclerode and C. G. Smith 
7  Effects of abused substances on male reproductive 
development  77 
S. Dalterio and A. Bartke 
III.  GOSSYPOL 
8  Gossypol chemistry and plant distribution  93 
L.A. Jones 
v
CONTENTS 
9  Toxicological effects of gossypol  111 
A.A. Nomeir and M.B.Abou-Donia 
10  Biochemical and nutritional considerations of 
gossypol intake  135 
J.E. Braham and R. Bressani 
11  Gossypol contraception and mechanism of action  155 
S.P. Xue (Shieh) 
12  Gossypol inhibition of boar spermatozoal enzymes  175 
w.-
W. Tso, C.-S. Lee and M.-Y. W. Tso 
13  Gossypol modulation of testosterone secretion and 
metabolism  185 
G.F. Paz and Z. T. Homonnai 
14  Gossypol inhibition of LDH-X  193 
C.-Y.G. Lee, Y.S. Moon, A. Duleba, A.F. Chen and V. Gomel 
IV.  ENVIRONMENTAL AGENTS AFFECTING FERTILITY 
15  Environmental chemical effects on testicular 
function  203 
I.P. Lee and L.L. Russell 
16  Consequences to the progeny of paternal drug 
exposure  225 
B. Robaire, J.M. Trasler and B.F. Hales 
17  Animal tests employed to assess the effects of drugs 
and chemicals on reproduction  245 
T.A.Marks 
18  Effects of phenoxy acid herbicides and TCDD on 
male reproduction  269 
J. C. Lamb IV and J.A. Moore 
19  Human spermatogenesis and fertility following 
exposure to dibromochloropropane (DBCP)  287 
G. Potashnik 
V.  HORMONES AND HORMONE ANTAGONISTS 
20  LHRH and its analogues: potential for male 
contraception and for therapy of androgen 
dependent syndromes  303 
B.H. Vickery 
vi
CONTENTS 
21  Direct regulation of Leydig cell functions by 
neuropeptides  319 
E. Y.Adashi and A.J W. Hsueh 
22  Non-steroidal inhibitors of androgen transport and 
metabolism  331 
G. G. Rousseau, JI. Quivy, C.F. Rolin Jacquemyns, 
D.A.N Sirett, M. T. deReviers, M.C. Viguier-Martinez, 
S. Delpech and G. Colas 
23  Danazol plus testosterone enanthate in male langur 
monkey  343 
NK. Lohiya and D.P. Sharma 
24  Inhibin and male contraception  351 
A.R. Sheth, B.S. Sarvamangala, K.A. Krishman and 
G.R.Vanage 
VI.  BLOOD-TESTICULAR AND EPIDIDYMAL BARRIERS 
25  The blood-epididymis barrier  371 
B. T.Hinton 
26  The tenacity of the blood-testis and blood 
epididymal barriers  383 
T. T. Turner and S. S. Howards 
VII. SPERM PHYSIOLOGY 
27  Sperm maturation and transport  397 
L. C. Ellis and B.R. Nemetallah 
28  Ionic mechanisms of sperm motility initiation  411 
P. Y.D. Wong and W.M. Lee 
29  Reproductive effects of sperm surface antibodies  417 
R. Bronson, G. Cooper and D. Rosenfeld 
30  Sperm calcium homeostasis during maturation  437 
M.P. Bradley and I. T. Forrester 
31  The zona-free hamster egg sperm penetration assay  451 
NJ Spirtos, S.A. Hamdi, M.E. Hull and NJ Cossler 
Index  467 
vii
List of Contributors 
M.B. ABOU-DONIA  R. BRONSON 
Department  of  Pharmacology,  Box  Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
3813, Duke University Medical Center,  North Shore University Hospital, Cor 
Durham,  North Carolina 27710, USA  nell  University  Medical  College,  300 
Community  Drive,  Manhasset,  New 
E.Y. ADASHI  York 11030, USA 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
University of  Maryland  Hospital  and 
A.F. CHEN 
School  of  Medicine,  Room  11 -011, 
Beckman Microbics Operations, 6200 
Frank  Bressler  Research  Bldg,  655 
EI  Camino  Real,  Carlbad,  Canada 
W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Mary 
92008 
land 21201, USA 
V. F. CIOLI 
K.J. ANDERSON 
F.  Angelini  Research  Institute,  Viale 
Kettering  Medical  Center,  Kettering, 
Amelia 70, 00181 Rome, Italy 
Ohio 45429, USA 
P.K. BAJPAI  G.COLAS 
Department of Biology, University of  IN RA,  Reproductive  Physiology 
Dayton, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA  Laboratory, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 
A.BARTKE  G. COOPER 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology,  Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
Southern Illinois University School of  North Shore University Hospital, Cor 
Medicine, Southern Illinois University  nell  University  Medical  College,  300 
at  Carbondale,  Carbondale,  Illinois,  Community  Drive,  Manhasset,  New 
62901, USA  York 11030, USA 
M.P. BRADLEY 
N.J. COSSLER 
Department of Surgery, Adams Bldg., 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
University  of  Otogo,  Dunedin,  New 
Wayne State University, 4707 St. An 
Zealand 
toine,  Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA 
J.E. BRAHAM 
S. DALTERIO 
Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nu 
Department  of  Pharmacology,  The 
trition of Central America and Panama, 
University  of  Texas  Health  Science 
P.O. Box 1188, Guatemala City, Gua 
Center,  7703  Floyd  Curl  Drive,  San 
temala, Central America 
Antonio, Texas 78284, USA 
R. BRESSANI 
Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nu  J.R. DANIEL 
trition of Central America and Panama,  Department of Food & Nutrition, Pur 
P.O. Box 1188, Guatemala City, Gua  due University, West  Lafayette,  Indi 
temala, Central America  ana 47907, USA 
ix
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 
S. DELPECH  B.T. HINTON 
Reproductive  Physiology  Laboratory,  Department  of  Anatomy,  Box  439, 
INRA. F-37380 Nouzilly, France  University of Virginia, School of Med 
icine,  Charlottesville,  Virginia  22908, 
C. DE MARTINO  USA 
Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Re 
search, Via Ie Regina Elena 291, 00161  Z.T. HOMONNAI 
Rome, Italy  Institute for the Study of Fertility, Ma 
ternity  Hospital,  Tel  Aviv  Medical 
Centre,  Tel  Aviv  University  Medical 
M.T.de REVIERS 
School,  P.O.  Box  7079,  Tel  Aviv 
Reproductive  Physiology  Laboratory, 
61070, Israel 
INRA. F-37380 Nouzilly, France 
S.S. HOWARDS 
A. DULEBA  Department of Urology, Box 422, Uni 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology,  versity of Virginia, School of Medicine, 
The  University  of  British  Columbia,  Charlottesville,  Virginia  22908,  USA 
Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada 
A.J.W. HSUEH 
L.C. ELLIS  Department  of  Reproductive  Medi 
Department of Biology UMC-53, Utah  cine, M-025, University of California, 
State University, Logan, Utah 84322,  School  of  Medicine,San  Diego,  La 
USA  Jolla, California 92093, USA 
M.E. HULL 
I.T. FORRESTER 
Department of Reproductive Endocri 
Department of  Biochemistry,  Univer 
nolgy and Infertility, Wayne State Uni 
sity of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, New 
versity, 275 E.  Hancock Avenue, De 
Zealand 
troit, Michigan, 48201, USA 
V. GOMEL 
L.A. JONES 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
National  Cottonseed  Products 
New Grace Hospital, 4900 Oak Street, 
Association,  Inc.,  P.O.  Box  12023, 
Vancouver, Canada V6H 3V5 
Memphis, Tennessee 38112, USA 
E.S. E. HAFEZ  K.A. KRISHNAN 
Reproductive  Life  Center,  Medical  Institute for Research in Reproduction, 
University of South Carolina, Depart  Jehangir Merwanji Street Parel, Bom 
ment of Physiology, 171 Ashley, Char  bay 400 012, India 
leston, South Carolina 29425, USA 
J.C. LAMB IV 
B.F. HALES  Fertility  & Reproduction  Group,  Na 
Centre for the Study of Reproduction,  tional  Institute  of  Environmental 
Department of Pharmacology, McGill  Health Sciences, National Toxicology 
University,  3655  Drummond  Street  Program,  P.O.  Box  12233,  Research 
Montreal,  Quebec  H3G 1 Y6,  Canada  Triangle  Park,  North Carolina 27709, 
USA 
S.A. HAMDI 
C.-S. LEE 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
Department  of  Biochemistry,  The 
Wayne State University, 275 E.  Han 
Chinese  University  of  Hong  Kong, 
cock  Avenue,  Detroit,  Michigan, 
Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 
48201, USA 
C.-Y.G. LEE 
J. HARCLERODE  Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
Department of Biology, Bucknell Uni  The  University  of  British  Columbia, 
versity,  Lewisburg,  Pennsylvania  Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, 
17837, USA  Canada 
x
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 
I. P. LEE  G.F. PAZ 
Laboratory of Reproductive & Devel  Institute for the Study of Fertility, Ma 
opmental  Toxicology,  National  Insti  ternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Cen 
tute of Environmental Health Sciences,  ter,  Tel  Aviv  University  Medical 
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  School,  P.O.  Box  7079,  Tel  Aviv 
27709, USA  61070, Israel 
W.M. LEE  G. POTASHNIK 
Department of Physiology, University  Infertility  Clinic,  Department  of 
of Hong Kong, Li Shu Fan Bldg., Sas  Obstetrics/Gynecology,  Soroka  Uni 
soon Road, Hong Kong  versity Hospital and Faculty of Health 
Sciences at the Ben Gurion University 
A.J. LEVI  of  the  Negev,  Beer-Sheba,  Israel 
Sheva, Israel 84 101 
Northwich Park Hospital, Clinical Re 
search Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, 
J.1. QUIVY 
Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK 
International  Institute  of  Cellular  & 
Molecular Pathology, UCL 7529, Av 
T.J. LOBL 
enue Hippocrate 75, B-1200 Brussels, 
Biotechnology Research, The Upjohn 
Belgium 
Company,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan 
49001, USA  B. ROBAIRE 
Centre for the Study of Reproduction, 
N.K. LOHIYA  Department of Pharmacology,  McGill 
Reproductive Physiology Section, De  University,  3655  Drummond  Street, 
partment of Zoology, University of Ra  Montreal,  Quebec  H3G 1 Y6,  Canada 
jasthan, Jaipur 302 004, India 
C.F.ROLIN JACQUEMYNS 
T.A. MARKS  International  Institute  of  Cellular  ,\ 
Teratology & Reproduction, The Up  Molecular Pathology, UCL 7529, Av 
john  Company, 301  Henrietta Street,  enne Hippocrate 75, B-1200 Brussels, 
Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001, USA  Belgium 
D. ROSENFELD 
V.S. MOON 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, 
North Shore University Hospital, Cor 
The  University  of  British  Columbia, 
nell  University Medical  College,  300 
Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada 
Community  Drive,  Manhasset.  New 
York 11030, USA 
J.A. MOORE 
Environmental Protection Agency, Rm.  G.G. ROUSSEAU 
637, East Tower, TS-788, 401  M  St.,  UCL 7529, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B-
SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA  1200 Brussels, Belgium 
C.O'MORAIN  L. L. RUSSELL 
Department of Medical Physiology & 
Northwich Park Hospital, Clinical Re 
Pharmacology, Southern  Illinois Uni 
search Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, 
versity, School of Medicine, Carbon 
Middlesex HA1 3UJ, UK 
dale, Illinois 62901, USA 
B.R. NEMETALLAH  B.S. SARVAMANGALA 
Department of Physiology, Faculty of  Institute for Research in Reproduction, 
Veterinary  Medicine,  Edfina,  Alexan  Indian  Council  of  Medical  Research, 
dria University, Egypt  Jehangir Merwanji Street. Parel, Bom 
bay 400 012, India 
A.A. NOMEIR 
Department  of  Pharmacology,  Duke  P.SCORZA BARCELLONA 
University Medical Center, Box 3813,  F.  Angelini  Research  Institute,  Via Ie 
Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA  Amelia 70, 00181 Rome, Italy 
xi
Description:Uncontrolled population growth, a significant problem for many countries, depresses real living standards in all developing areas. As a corollary, un controlled population growth also stresses the ability to deliver adequate reproductive health care on both national and individual levels. To focus