Table Of ContentMakingAutocracyWork
Canmeaningfulrepresentationemergeinanauthoritariansetting?Ifso,
how,when,andwhy?MakingAutocracyWorkidentifiesthetradeoffs
associatedwithrepresentationinauthoritarianenvironmentsandthen
teststhetheorythroughadetailedinquiryintothedynamicsofChina’s
NationalPeople’sCongress(NPC,thecountry’shighestformalgovern-
mentinstitution).RoryTruexarguesthattheChineseCommunistParty
(CCP)isengineeringasystemof“representationwithinbounds”inthe
NPC,encouragingdeputiestoreflecttheneedsoftheirconstituents,but
onlyfornon-sensitiveissues.Thisallowstheregimetoaddresscitizen
grievances while avoiding incendiary political activism.Data on NPC
deputy backgrounds and behaviors are used to explore the nature of
representationandincentivesinthisconstrainedsystem.Thebookchal-
lengesexistingconceptionsofrepresentation,authoritarianism,andthe
future of the Chinese state.Consultative institutions like the NPC are
keytomakingautocracywork.
Rory Truex is Assistant Professor of Politics and International Affairs
at Princeton University. His research focuses on Chinese politics and
authoritariansystems.Hisworkhasbeenpublishedintoppoliticalsci-
ence journals,including the American Political Science Review,Com-
parativePoliticalStudies,andTheChinaQuarterly,andfeaturedinthe
WallStreetJournalandTheNewYorkTimes.Heisthefounderofthe
Princeton in Asia Summer of Service program, which annually sends
PrincetonundergraduatestoruralChinatorunanEnglishimmersion
programforlocalstudents.HecurrentlyresidesinPhiladelphia.
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CambridgeStudiesinComparativePolitics
GeneralEditor
MargaretLevi UniversityofWashington,Seattle
AssistantGeneralEditors
KathleenThelen MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology
ErikWibbels DukeUniversity
AssociateEditors
RobertH.Bates HarvardUniversity
StephenHanson UniversityofWashington,Seattle
TorbenIversen HarvardUniversity
StathisKalyvas YaleUniversity
PeterLange DukeUniversity
HelenMilner PrincetonUniversity
FrancesRosenbluth YaleUniversity
SusanStokes YaleUniversity
SidneyTarrow CornellUniversity
OtherBooksintheSeries
ChristopherAdolph,Bankers,Bureaucrats,andCentralBankPolitics:TheMyth
ofNeutrality
MichaelAlbertus,AutocracyandRedistribution:ThePoliticsofLandReform
BenW.Ansell,FromtheBallottotheBlackboard:TheRedistributivePolitical
EconomyofEducation
BenW.Ansell,DavidJ.Samuels,InequalityandDemocratization:An
Elite-CompetitionApproach
LeonardoR.Arriola,Multi-EthnicCoalitionsinAfrica:BusinessFinancingof
OppositionElectionCampaigns
DavidAusten-Smith,JeffryA.Frieden,MiriamA.Golden,KarlOveMoene,and
AdamPrzeworski,eds.,SelectedWorksofMichaelWallerstein:ThePolitical
EconomyofInequality,Unions,andSocialDemocracy
AndyBaker,TheMarketandtheMassesinLatinAmerica:PolicyReformand
ConsumptioninLiberalizingEconomies
Continuedaftertheindex
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Making Autocracy Work
Representation and Responsiveness in
Modern China
RORY TRUEX
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To those who step out
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Contents
ListofFigures pageix
ListofTables xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 ATheoryofAuthoritarianRepresentation 15
3 DoestheNPCMatter? 46
4 TestingRepresentation 75
5 GettingAhead 103
6 TheReturnstoOffice 132
7 TheEvolutionoftheNPC 158
8 Conclusion 176
References 191
Index 207
vii
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Figures
1.1 Variationinlegislativeinstitutions(1960–2008) page3
1.2 Thespectrumofrepresentation 8
2.1 Authoritarianpolicymakingwithincompleteinformation 18
2.2 Authoritarianpolicymakingwithrepresentation 21
2.3 Representationgameequilibriumoutcomes–no
preferences 24
2.4 Representationgameequilibriumoutcomes–strong
preferences 26
2.5 Understandingtheroleofdeputyempathy(γ) 29
2.6 Understandingtheroleofdeputyrents(r ) 30
D
2.7 Increaseindeputyparticipation(tenthandeleventhNPCs) 32
3.1 FormalinstitutionalstructureofthePeople’sRepublicof
China 51
3.2 Economicdevelopmentandlegislativetransparency 57
3.3 RepresentativenessoftheHainancase 66
3.4 Citizenperceptionsoftheproposalprocess 72
4.1 Perceivedseriousnessoftheenvironmentalissue 84
4.2 Bivariaterelationshipsbyissue(provincial-levelanalysis) 86
4.3 Exploringtemporalvariation–weakpreferenceissues 91
4.4 Exploringtemporalvariation–strongpreferenceissues 93
4.5 Testingtheeliteechoingcriticism 96
5.1 ElectionsinthePeople’sCongresssystem 107
5.2 Samplematchedpair 114
5.3 Proposalsandcareeroutcomes 115
6.1 EffectsofNPCmembershiponfirmfinancialperformance 140
6.2 Conditioningeffectonstateownershipandrevenue 142
ix
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