Mahabharata Book Nine: Shalya, Volume Two (Clay Sanskrit Library- Mahabharata)

472 Pages·2007·1.36 MB·English

THECLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY
FOUNDEDBYJOHN&JENNIFERCLAY
GENERALEDITORS
RICHARDGOMBRICH
SHELDONPOLLOCK
EDITEDBY
ISABELLEONIANS
SOMADEVAVASUDEVA
WWW.CLAYSANSKRITLIBRARY.COM
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Copyright(cid:2)c 2007bytheCSL
Allrightsreserved.
FirstEdition2007
TheClaySanskritLibraryisco-publishedby
NewYorkUniversityPress
andtheJJCFoundation.
Furtherinformationaboutthisvolume
andtherestoftheClaySanskritLibrary
isavailableonthefollowingwebsites:
www.claysanskritlibrary.com
www.nyupress.org
ISBN:978-0-8147-5737-6(cloth:alk.paper)
ArtworkbyRobertBeer.
TypesetinAdobeGaramondat10.25:12.3+pt.
XML-developmentbyStuartBrown.
Editorialinputfrom
TomoyukiKono&EszterSomogyi.
PrintedinGreatBritainbyStEdmundsburyPressLtd,
BuryStEdmunds,Suffolk,onacid-freepaper.
BoundbyHunter&Foulis,Edinburgh,Scotland.
Maha¯bha¯rata
Book Nine
S´alya
Volume Two
TRANSLATEDBY
JUSTIN MEILAND
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
JJC FOUNDATION
2007
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Maha¯bha¯rata.S´alyaparvan.Adhya¯ya30–65.
English&Sanskrit.
Mahabharata.Book9,“S´alya.”Vol.2
editedandtranslatedbyJustinMeiland.
p.cm.–(TheClaySanskritlibrary)
InEnglishwithSanskritparalleltext;
includestranslationfromSanskrit.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-8147-5737-6(cloth:alk.paper)
I.Meiland,J.,
II.Title.III.Series.
Contents
Sanskritalphabeticalorder 7
CSLconventions 7
MAHA·BHA´RATAIX–SHALYAII
Introduction 13
30–33 Dur·yo´dhanaChallenged 31
34 RamaArrives 83
35–54 Sara´svati’sSacredSites 89
55–57 TheDuel 279
58 Dur·yo´dhanaDefeated 311
59–61 InsultsandRebukes 325
62–63 KrishnaAids 357
64–65 Dur·yo´dhanaDefiant 381
Notes 399
ProperNamesandEpithets 413
Index 435
SandhiGrid 466

cslconventions
sanskritalphabeticalorder
Vowels: aa¯i¯ıuu¯.r.¯r.l.¯leaioaum. h.
Gutturals: kkhgghn˙
Palatals: cchjjhn˜
Retroflex: .t.thd. d.hn.
Dentals: tthddhn
Labials: pphbbhm
Semivowels: yrlv
Spirants: ´s.ssh
guidetosanskritpronunciation
a but vowelsothattaih. ispro-
a¯,aˆ father nouncedtaihi
i sit k luck
¯ı,ˆı fee kh blockhead
u put g go
u¯,uˆ boo gh bighead
.r vocalicr,Americanpurdy n˙ anger
orEnglishpretty c chill
.¯r lengthened.r ch matchhead
.l vocalicl,able j jog
e,ˆe,¯e made,esp.inWelshpro- jh aspiratedj,hedgehog
nunciation n˜ canyon
ai bite .t retroflex t, try (with the
o,oˆ,o¯rope,esp.Welshpronun- tip of tongue turned up
ciation;Italiansolo totouchthehardpalate)
au sound .th sameastheprecedingbut
m. anusva¯ranasalizesthepre- aspirated
cedingvowel d. retroflex d (with the tip
h. visarga,avoicelessaspira- of tongue turned up to
tion(resemblingEnglish touchthehardpalate)
h),orlikeScottishloch,or d.h sameastheprecedingbut
anaspirationwithafaint aspirated
echoingofthepreceding n. retroflex n (with the tip
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maha·bha´rataix–shalyaii
of tongue turned up to y yes
touchthehardpalate) r trilled,resemblingtheIta-
t Frenchtout lianpronunciationofr
th tenthook
l linger
d dinner
v word
dh guildhall
´s shore
n now
p pill .s retroflexsh(withthetip
ofthetongueturnedup
ph upheaval
b before totouchthehardpalate)
bh abhorrent s hiss
m mind h hood
cslpunctuationofenglish
TheacuteaccentonSanskritwordswhentheyoccuroutsideofthe
Sanskrittextitself,marksstress,e.g.Rama´yana.Itisnotpartoftra-
ditionalSanskritorthography,transliterationortranscription,butwe
supplyitheretoguidereadersinthepronunciationoftheseunfamiliar
words.SincenoSanskritwordisaccentedonthelastsyllableitisnot
necessarytoaccentdisyllables,e.g.Rama.
ThesecondCSLinnovationdesignedtoassistthereaderinthepro-
nunciationoflengthyunfamiliarwordsistoinsertanunobtrusivemid-
dledotbetweensemanticwordbreaksincompoundnames(provided
thewordbreakdoesnotfallonavowelresultingfromthefusionof
twovowels),e.g.Maha·bha´rata,butRama´yana(notRama·a´yana).Our
dotechoesthepunctuatingmiddledot(·)foundintheoldestsurviving
formsofwrittenIndic,theAshokaninscriptionsofthethirdcentury
bce.
ThedeeplayeringofSanskritnarrativehasalsodictatedthatweuse
quotationmarksonlytoannouncethebeginningandendofeverydirect
speech,andnotatthebeginningofeveryparagraph.
cslpunctuationofsanskrit
TheSanskrittextisalsopunctuated,inaccordancewiththepunc-
tuationoftheEnglishtranslation.Inmid-verse,thepunctuationwill
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cslconventions
notalterthesandhiorthescansion.Propernamesarecapitalized.Most
Sanskrit metres have four “feet” (pa¯da): where possible we print the
common´slokametreontwolines.IntheSanskrittext,weuseFrench
Guillemets(e.g.«kvasam.cic¯ır.suh.?»)insteadofEnglishquotationmarks
(e.g.“Whereareyouoffto?”)toavoidconfusionwiththeapostrophes
usedforvowelelisioninsandhi.
Sanskritpresentsthelearnerwithachallenge:sandhi(“euphoniccom-
bination”).Sandhimeansthatwhentwowordsarejoinedinconnected
speechorwriting(whichinSanskritreflectsspeech),thelastletter(or
evenletters)ofthefirstwordoftenchanges;comparethewaywepro-
nounce“the”in“thebeginning”and“theend.”
InSanskritthefirstletterofthesecondwordmayalsochange;andif
boththelastletterofthefirstwordandthefirstletterofthesecondare
vowels,theymayfuse.ThishasaparallelinEnglish:anasalconsonantis
insertedbetweentwovowelsthatwouldotherwisecoalesce:“apear”and
“anapple.”Sanskritvowelfusionmayproduceambiguity.Thechartat
thebackofeachbookgivesthefullsandhisystem.
Fortunatelyitisnotnecessarytoknowthesechangesinordertostart
readingSanskrit.Forthat,whatisimportantistoknowtheformofthe
secondwordwithoutsandhi(pre-sandhi),sothatitcanberecognized
orlookedupinadictionary.ThereforeweareprintingSanskritwitha
systemofpunctuationthatwillindicate,unambiguously,theoriginal
formofthesecondword,i.e.,theformwithoutsandhi.Suchsandhi
mostlyconcernsthefusionoftwovowels.
InSanskrit,vowelsmaybeshortorlongandarewrittendifferently
accordingly. We follow the general convention that a vowel with no
markaboveitisshort.Otherbooksmarkalongvoweleitherwitha
barcalledamacron(a¯)orwithacircumflex(aˆ).Oursystemusesthe
macron, except that for initial vowels in sandhi we use a circumflex
toindicatethatoriginallythevowelwasshort,ortheshorteroftwo
possibilities(eratherthanai,oratherthanau).
Whenweprintinitialaˆ,beforesandhithatvowelwasa
ˆıorˆe, i
uˆoroˆ, u
aˆi, e
aˆu, o
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