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CRC Press
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Version Date: 20111205
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Contents
Preface
1. Magnetoelectric Interaction in Magnetically
ix
Ordered Materials (Review) 1
M.I. Bichurin
1.1 Properties of Composites 6
1.2 ME Composites 7
1.3 Estimations of Composite ME Parameters 10
2. Effective Medium Approach: Low-Frequency Range 25
1.4 Conclusions 15
M.I. Bichurin and V.M. Petrov
2.1 Multilayer Composites 26
2.1.1 Model and Basic Equations 26
2.1.2 ME Effect in Free Samples 29
2.1.2.1 Longitudinal ME effect 29
2.1.2.2 Transverse ME effect 32
2.1.2.3 In-plane longitudinal ME effect 33
2.1.3 ME Effect in Clamped Samples 35
2.1.3.1 Longitudinal ME effect 35
2.1.3.2 Transverse ME effect 36
2.1.3.3 In-plane longitudinal ME effect 36
2.1.4 Examples of Multilayer Structures 37
2.1.5 Experimental Data 47
2.2 Bulk Composites 54
2.2.1 Connectivities 0–3 and 3–0 57
2.2.1.1 Bulk composite with connectivities 0–3 57
2.2.1.2 Composite with connectivity 0–3 70
2.2.1.3 ME effect in clamped samples 71
2.2.2 Experimental Data 72
vi Contents
2.3 Maxwell–wagner Relaxation in ME Composites 73
2.3.1 Layered Composites 74
2.3.2 Bulk Composites 81
3. Magnetoelectric Effect in the Electromechanical
2.4 Conclusions 86
Resonance Range 91
M.I. Bichurin and V.M. Petrov
3.1 Narrow Composite Plate 92
3.2 Disc-Shaped Bilayer 97
3.2.1 Longitidinal Orientation of Electric and
Magnetic Fields 99
3.2.2 Transverse Orientation of Electric and
Magnetic Fields 100
4. Magnetoelectric Effect and green’s Function Method 105
3.3 Conclusions 103
Ce-Wen Nan
4.1 Bulk Ceramic Composites 107
4.1.1 Green’s Function Technique 107
4.1.2 Some Approximations 110
4.1.3 Some Results 113
4.2 Two-Phase Composites of Alloys and
Piezoelectric Materials 116
4.3 Three-Phase Composites 122
4.4 Nanostructured Composite Thin Films 126
5. Equivalent Circuit Method and Magnetoelectric
4.5 Conclusions 129
Low-Frequency Devices 133
S. Dong and D. Viehland
5.1 Equivalent Circuit Method: Theory 134
5.1.1 Three-Layer L–T and L–L Longitudinal
Vibration Modes 134
5.1.2 ME Voltage Coefficients at Low
Frequency [9, 14, 17, 18] 137
5.1.3 ME Coefficients at Resonance Frequency [14, 18] 138
5.1.4 Two-Layer L–T Bending Mode [42] 139
Contents vii
5.1.5 Three-Layer C–C Radial Vibration Mode 140
5.1.6 Analysis on ME Voltage Gain [14, 45, 46] 144
5.1.6.1 Effective ME coupling factor 148
5.1.6.2 Maximum efficiency 149
5.1.6.3 Analysis on ME gyration 149
5.2 Experiments 154
5.2.1 T–T Terfenol-D/PZT Laminate 156
5.2.2 L–T Terfenol-D/PZT and PMN–PT Laminates 157
5.2.3 L–L and Push–Pull Terfenol-D/PZT and
PMN–PT Laminates 158
5.2.4 L–T Bending Mode of Terfenol-D/PZT
Laminates [28–30] 160
5.2.5 C–C Terfenol-D/PZT and PZN–PT
Laminates [35–37] 161
5.2.6 ME Laminates Based on Non-Terfenol-D
μ
Materials 162
5.2.7 Three-Phase High- Ferrite/Terefenol-D/PZT
Composites [41, 42] 163
5.3 ME Low-Frequency Devices 164
5.3.1 AC Magnetic Field Sensors 165
5.3.1.1 Extremely low-frequency magnetic field
sensors [33, 34] 165
5.3.1.2 DC magnetic field sensors [21, 43] 166
5.3.2 ME Current Sensors 167
5.3.3 ME Transformers and Gyrators 168
5.4 Future Directions 170
5.4.1 Terfenol-D-Based Composites 170
5.4.2 Metglas/PZT Fiber (2–1) Composites 171
6. Ferrite–Piezoelectric Composites at Ferromagnetic
5.5 Conclusions 173
Resonance Range and Magnetoelectric
Microwave Devices 179
G. Srinivasan and M.I. Bichurin
6.1 Bilayer Structure 180
6.2 Basic Theory: Macroscopic Homogeneous Model 185
6.2.1 Uniaxial Structure 188
6.3 Layered Composite with Single Crystal Components 194
viii Contents
6.4 Resonance Line Shift by Electric Signal with
Electromechanical Resonance Frequency 199
6.5 ME Effect at Magnetoacoustic Resonance Range 200
6.6 Microwave and MM-Wave ME Interactions and Devices 205
–
6.6.1 Introduction 205
6.6.2 Microwave ME Effects in Ferrite Piezoelectrics:
Theory and Experiment 207
6.6.3 Hybrid Spin-Electromagnetic Waves in
Ferrite–Dielectrics: Theory and Experiment 208
– –
6.6.4 Electric Field Tunable Microwave Devices:
YIG PZT and YIG BST Resonators 210
6.6.5 Filters 211
6.6.6 Phase Shifters 212
6.6.7 MM-wave ME Effects in Bound Layered
Structures 214
6.6.8 Theory of MM-Wave ME Interactions 217
6.6.9 Theory of MM-Wave Hybrid Modes 218
7. Magnetoelectric Effects in Nanocomposites 227
6.7 Conclusions 219
V.M. Petrov and M.I. Bichurin
7.1 Low-Frequency ME Effect in Nanobilayer on Substrate 228
7.2 Flexural Deformation of ME Nanobilayer on Substrate 232
7.3 Lattice Mismatch Effect 233
7.4 ME Effect in a Nanopillar 235
7.5 Transverse ME Effect at Longitudinal Mode of EMR
in Nanobilayer on Substrate 237
7.6 Transverse ME Effect at Bending Mode of EMR in
Nanobilayer on Substrate 240
7.7 ME Effect in Ferrite–Piezoelectric Nanobilayer at
Ferromagnetic Resonance 243
Ind7e.x8 Conclusions 247
251
Preface
The concept of magnetoelectricity has been with us for over 60
years. It was first theorized in the 1950s by Landau, Lifshitz, and
Dzyaloshinskii, and finally realized in Cr2O3 during the late 1950s
by Astrov in Russia and Rado in USA. For its first 50 years as a
discipline of study, the magnetoelectric (ME) effect remained a
curiosity: simply due to the miniscule exchange between magnetic
and polar subsystems. However, by the turn of the millennium,
various groups were beginning to unlock giant magnetoelectricity
in magnetostrictive and piezoelectric composites. It seems that
progress in modern materials science and engineering is often
inseparably connected to advancements in unique composite
materials.
Only in the last few years the ME effect in magnetostriction–
piezoelectric composites has achieved its potential for a wide range
of practical applications: this hope was advanced by the discovery
of strong magnetization–polarization interactions that are orders
product property
of magnitude larger than anything previously known. The ME effect
in composites is a so-called , resulting from the
action of the magnetostrictive phase on a piezoelectric one that is
elastically bonded to it, or vice versa. Appropriate choice of phases
with high magnetostriction and piezoelectricity has allowed the
achievement of ME voltage coefficients necessary for engineering
applications over a wide frequency bandwidth including the
electromechanical, magnetoacoustic, and ferromagnetic resonances
regimes.
The authors of this book have attempted to set as their goal to
bring together numerous contributions to the field of ME composites
that have been reported since the beginning of the new millennia. We
hope to provide some assimilation of facts into establish knowledge
for readers new to the field, so that the potential of the field can
be made transparent to new generations of talent to advance the
subject matter.
