Table Of Content_I_'__ONAC ,_.(
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13th International Conference on
Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives
Maglev '93
May 19- 21, 1993
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, Illinois 60439 USA
imm_mb _ Center for Transportation Research
Sponsored by: Argonne National Laboratory
Federal Railroad Administration
U.S. Department of Energy _STER
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers _/
DISTRIBUTIONOFTHIg $OCUMFNTIS UNLINIITEI
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
Co-Chairmen
Dr. Donald M. Rote, Dr. Howard T. Coffey
Argonne National Laboratory:
Dr. Larry Johnson Dr. Jianliang He
Dr. John Hull Dr. Thomas Mulcahy
Dr. Sboei-Sheng Chen Mr.Lawrence Blow
United States Committee Members
Dr. John Harding U.S. FederalRailroad Administration
Mr. Stu Kissinger U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Mr. Patrick Sutton U.S. Department of Energy
Foreign Committee Members
Prof. Anthony R. Eastham Queen's University, Ontario,Canada
Prof. Ji San Lian Southwest Jiaotong University, People's
Republic of China
Mr. Dieter Rogg Domier GmbH, Germany
Mr. K. Kurian John BharatHeavy Electricals Ltd.,India
Prof. Augusto Morini University of Padova, Italy
Prof. Eisuke Masada University of Tokyo, Japan
Dr. Yong-Joo Kim Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
Prof. J.L. Mahtani Coventry Polytechnic, The United Kingdom
Prof. Eugeny Yu Klimenkl Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy, Russia
PREFACE
Traditionally the site of this conference has rotated from Asia toEurope to North America.
In keeping with this tradition, this 13thConference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear
Drives is being held at Argonne National Laboratory in the United States. The 1lth and 12th
Conferences, Maglev '89 and Maglev '92, were held in conjunction with the 5th and 6rh World
Conferences on Transportation Research in Yokohama, Japan and Lyon, France. Anticipating
greater participationthis year, Maglev '93 was organized as an independent conference. Indeed, for
the first time in many years, U.S. investigators joined their Japanese and German colleagues in
contributing the majority of the manuscriptsreceived. Inaddition tothese papers, we were gratified
to receive contributions from China, Korea, Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Canada, and the United
Kingdom. The many papers fromcountries around the world confirms thecontinued and renewed
worldwide interest in this topic. It is as a _sult of your efforts that we have been able to assemble
this program andorganize this conference.
Aftera brief period inwhich the Japanese MLU-002 was rebuilt and changes were made to
the Transrapid test track at Emsland, testing is resuming at both sites and this conference finds
renewed activity and interest inmaglev technologies. The substantial growth inU.S. participation is
due to the R&D program supported by the National Maglev Initiative in 1991 and 1992, and the
anticipation that aNational Maglev PrototypeDevelopment Program will begin later this year.
We have been honored to serve this conference as co-chairmen andhope thatyou will find
it tobe intellectually stimulating and rewarding. At theconference dinner, and on the dinner cruise
aboardthe Spirit of Chicago on Lake Michigan, you will have an opportunity to become acquainted
with your maglev colleagues from othercountries. We look forward tovisiting with our old maglev
friendsandcolleagues and tomeeting those of you whom we do notyet know.
Donald M. Rote Howard T. Coffey
°°°
IU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the advice and cooperation of Dr. Larry Johnson and Dr.
John Hull of Argonne National Laboratory who served with the co-chairmen as the Conference
Organizing Committee. Ms. Laverne Franek served as Secretary of the Conference, and with the
help of Ms. Christine McGhee and Ms. Carolyn Kowalski has patiently answered questions from
participants, prepared _'"'_materials mailed to each of you, and assembled this volume of
proceedings.
The conference program could not have tw_.enassembled without the help of the Conference
Committeemen from around the world who successfully solicited manuscripts for this conference
from their countrymen and encouraged them to be here today. After receipt, the manuscripts were
forwarded to the Chairmen of the various sessions of the conference for review prior to publication
in these proceedings. Our thanks are due to these Session Chairmen who conducted the business
of the conference and deserve the credit for the quality of the sessions.
We are deeply grateful to Ms. Joan Brunsvold and Ms. Jackie Habenicht of Argonne's
Conference Services Department for capably handling the logistics of the conference, including the
booking of hotel rooms, arranging for buses, organizing the dinner and dinner cruise, for the coffee
breaks, the poster boards, the audio-visual equipment and ali the other minor details which together
make a successful conference.
Finally, we wish to express our appreciation to the authors of the manuscripts contained in
these proceedings. We are well aware of the difficulties that many of them encountered in
complying with our space, time and format constraints.
The Co-Chairmen
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Development of Maglev Transportation in Japan: Present State and Future
Prospects 1
Eisuke Masada
Status Quo of Development of Super-conducting Maglev System in Japan 7
Syohiko Miyata, Kazuhisa Matsuda, andMamoru Minemoto
The Development of the Superconducting Maglev System 10
Kan-ichro Kaminishi, Akio Seki, and Hitoshi Tsuruga
Outline of HSST-100 System and Test Line in Nagoya 16
Masaaki Fujino
High-Speed Magnetic Levitation Train Transrapid, Planning of the
Development Program until 1995 and Prospects of Utilization in the Federal
Republic of Germany 22
Ulrich Wiescholek,Willi J.Mayer, and Dieter Rogg
Analysis of Prespective Transrapid Applications 29
H.G. Raschbichler, L. Miller and M. Wackers
Results on the Operation of the Transrapid Test Facility in Emsland, North
Germany 35
Fritz Polifka and Hans-Peter Friedrich.
Maglev Programs in Korea 41
In-Kun Kim, Mun-Whan Yoo, Chanil Park, Hyun Kap Chung, and Kook-Hun Kim
A General Survey of Chinese Maglev Train 46
J.S. Lian, J.W. Zhou, K.L. Zhang, and H. Jiang
Present Status of Research for Maglev in Italy 51
G. Martinelli and A. Morini
Status of Development and Future Prospects of DaeWoo Maglev System in
Korea 54
In-Dae Chung, Dal-Ho lm, and Chan-I1 Park
New Structure Electro-Magnetic Guideway for Maglev 60
Shunsuke Fujiwara, Kazuo Sawada, Hirotaka Natsuhara, Nobuhito Uchiyama, Yukio
Saitou, Yoshitaka Kobayashi, Shigeya Oohama
Electrodynamic Forces of the Cross-Connected Figure-Eight Null-Flux Coil
Suspension System 64
J.L. He, D.M. Rote, and H.T. Coffey
Self Nulling Hybrid Maglev Suspension System 71
Richard Herbermann
Flux Canceling Maglev 75
Richard Thornton
Maglev Transportation with Controlled Permanent Magnets and Linear
Synchronous Motors 82
H. Weh, A Steingrtiver, andH. Hupe
Maglev Transit Technology in Russia 88
Floyd A. Wyczalek
94
The Organic Guideway Concept
Timothy Barrows
Magneplane Vehicle Dynamics Simulation 101
W. Aitkenhead
Technology and Costing Considerations for Full Maglev System Development
as Derived from Bechtei's SCD Exercise 106
J.C. Perkowski
System Concept Definition of the Grumman Superconducting Electromagnetic
Suspension (EMS) Maglev Design 111
M. Proise, L. Deutsch, R.J. Gran, R. Herbermann, S. Kalsi, and P. Shaw
Maglev Cost and Performance Parametrics 119
L. Deutsch
Analysis of Maglev Corridors 125
G.R. White
Market and Energy Demand Analysis of a U.S. National Maglev System 131
A. Vyas, and D. Rote
Reducing Magnetic Fields from Maglev Guideways to Reasonable Levels 138
J.P. Blanchard
Loss and Guideway Interaction Force Measurements on a Superconducting
Magnet for Maglev Applications 142
C.R. Dauwalter
Magnetic Fields from a Maglev Linear Synchronous Motor 147
D. Galler, and W.J. Greenberg
Magnet Design Optimization for Grumman Maglev Concept 153
S. Kalsi, R. Herbermann, C. Falkowski, M. Hennessy, A. Bourdillon
Superconducting Magnet and Refrigeration System for Maglev Vehicle 160
H. Nakashima, M.Terai, M.Shibata, M. Yamaji, Y. Jizo
Comparison of Magnetic Lift and Drag Forces for Two EDS Maglev Topologies 165
J.R. Hale, D.B. Montgomery, R.D. Pillsbury, Jr., R.J. Thome, J. Feng, and A.
Radovinsky
Transrapid TR-07 Maglev-Spectrum Magnetic Field Effects On Daily Pineal
Indoleamine Metabolic Rhythms in Rodents 171
Kenneth R. Groh
_h
Innovative Spine Girder Guideway Design for Superconducting EMS Maglev
System 177
J.B. Allen, M. G. Ghali
Parametric Design and Cost Analysis for an EMS Maglev Guideway 183
B.M. Bohlke, and D.B. Burg
Guideway and Infrastructure in JR Maglev 189
K. Okada, A. Takano, and M. Yamazald
Reduction of Guideway Residual Vibration through Strategic Vehicle Pad
Spacing Arrangements 195
R.S. Phelan
Alignment and Surveying of Magnetic Levitation Train Guideways 2()1
H.J. Marx, andR. Stoeckl
Aerodynamic Drag of Maglev Vehicles 206
F.A. Balow, K.R. Sivier
Maglev Secondary Suspension Using Electroactive Fluids 212
D.K. Bhadra, C.R. Harder, and G. Mansfield
Maglev Vehicle Dynamic Interaction with Aerial Guideways 218 •
L.E. Daniels, and D.R. Ahlbeck
Modeling and Control of Maglev Vehicles with Aerodynamic and Guideway
Disturbances 227
K. Flueckiger, S. Mark, and D. McCallum
:r
Rail Irregularity and Module Response in HSST-100 System 233 •
M. Iwaya
Five Degree of Freedom Analysis of the Grumman Superconducting
Electromagnetic Maglev Vehicle Control and Guideway Interaction 238
R.J. Gran, and M. Proise
Vehicles for Superconducting Maglev System on the Yamanasi Test Line
(Except Linear Synchronous Motors) 248
K. Takao, and N. Shirakuni
Overview of Maglev Vehicle Structural Design Philosophy, Material Selection
and Manufacturing Approach 253
P. Shaw
Aerodynamic Analysis of Grumman Maglev Vehicle 259
M.J. Siclari, G. Carpenter, and R. Ende
Dynamic, Stability, and Control of Maglev Systems 265
Y. Cat, S.S. Chen, S. Zhu, D.M. Rote, and H.T. Coffey
Linear Synchronous Motor Design 271
Richard D. Thornton
vfi
Improvements of the Attractive Force Levitation Concept 277
H.Weh, H. May, H. Hupe, and A. SteingrOver
Technical Assessment of Maglev System Concepts 283
Jame_ H. Lever
Maglev Performance Simulation 290
G. Anagnostopoulos, J.E. Anderson, and F.L. Raposa
Noise from High Speed Maglev Trains 298
Carl E.Hanson
Magnetic Analysis of U.S. Maglev Designs 304
Howard T.Coffcy, Jianliang He, and ZianWang
Control Strategies of a LSM Drive for EDS-Maglev Systems 310
F. Albicini, M. Andriollo, G. Martinclli, andA. Morini
Longstator Linear Synchronous Motor (LLSM) Modeling for Simulation and
Control System Design 316
J.A. Britton, and R.L. Klein
Maglev Position Sensing and Control 322
T.M. Clark
Methanol Reforming PEM Fuel Cells as an Onboard Power Source for Maglev
Vehicles 327
B.T. Concannon
Onboard Power Source Alternatives for Maglev Vehicles 330
B.'F.Concannon
Comparative Analysis of EDS and EMS Maglev Systems 336
A. DiGerlando, I. Vistoli, and M. Galasso
Design Problems of Linear on Board Generators in EMS Maglev
Transportation Systems 342
A. DiGerlando, and I. Vistoli
On-Vehicle Power Generation at ali Speeds for Electromagnetic Maglev
Concept 348
S. Kalsi
Present State of Development of Synchronous Long-Stator Propulsion System
for TRANSRAPID Maglev Trains 352
U. Henning
Power Supply System for Superconducting Magnetic Levitation System 358
H. Ikeda, H. Ohtsuki, J. Kitano, Y. Osada, N. Katoh, N. Morishima, and H. Aizawa
Current Control ;or Thrust Force Controlling Inverter of HSST 364
I. Miyashita and Y. Ohmori
viii
A Novel Maglev System Driven by Air-Cored L_near Induction Motors 370
E.Levi, Z.Zabar,L.Birenbaum, and S.Y. Yoo
Power Electronics for Linear Synchronous Motor Propulsion Systems 374
D.J. Perreault, and R.D. Thornton
Analytical Evaluation of the Influence of the Armature Coils Distribution on
the Thrust of Linear Synchronous Motor for Maglev 380
M. Trapanese
Status of the Safety Certification Process of the Transrapid System 386
J.Blomerius
Vertical Dynamics of a Superconducting Suspension System 392
D. Casadei, U. Reggiani, G. Serra, andA. Tani
Maglev Command, Control, and Communication Systems Design
Requirements Analysis and Safety-Critical Architecture 398
J.W. Lewis and R.Y.Yee
Aerodynamic Braking Systems for Maglev Vehicles 405
J.Guglielmo,T.J. Zych, andK.R. Sivier
Signaling System of Maglevtype HSST 411
F. Hashimoto
Siemens Operations Control System for Maglev Trains 417
H. Eilers, V. Freitag, and R. Knigge
420
Influence of JR Maglev on Environment
N. Kokubun, A. Honda, andM. Yasunami
Train Control Systems for Super-conductive Magnetic Levitation System 424
K. Kubota, T.Tanaka, Y. Osada, S. Sasaki,and Y. Yokota
Maglev Demonstration Project Site Location Study 430
L.C. Lennon
The Environmental Impact of Maglev, a Comparative Study 434
M.C. McClintock
Safety Evaluation Test for Electromagnetic Levitation Transport System H-100 441
T. Mizuma, Y. Satoh, and E. Masada
A Dynamic Computer Simulation of a High Speed Maglev Vehicle 446
Cam de Pierre
Maglev Automated Preventive Maintenance System 452
J.S. Ng, A.L. Harris and M.E. Amoon
Using Existing Infrastructure to Make Maglev Work in the United States 457
C.M. Gillam, and E.E.Gilcrease
Author Index 463
ix
Development of Maglev Transportation in Japan :
Present State and _.%]ture Prospects
Eisuke Masada
Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113, Japan
Abstract - The present state of developments is ev- In 1973 ,]AL c_npleted a 1.3km test track in Higashi-
el_iewed on the maglev transportation systems and the ohgishima, Kawasaki and carried out operational
related technologies in Japan. Both EDS and 5_4S systems experiments of the High Speed Surface Transport (HSST)
are at the final stage of development for practical system with test vehicles HSST-01 and 02. HSST is based
applications. Their prospects are explained for future on the concept of the combined lift and guide type of
application fields in relation with their o_ features. EMS system utilizing U-shaped magnets and U-shaped rail
in their cross section. The technical feasibility of the
I. Introduction system was established with operational tests at the
velocity up to 308km/h. The vehicle can be light-
The railway systems have been well developed in Japan weighted due to rather simple EMS structure and is
as the mass transports for public. The urban networks considered to be applicable to urban transports
withsubways and suburban systems have covered over many practically.
large cities. The Shinkansen system has extended with MOT supported further develo_nent of HSST for the
longer than 1,800km track connecting cities over our urban transport. Then HSST-03 was demonstrated on 400m
main land with highspeed as 270km/h. They have track in Expo'85 in Tsukuba for public. It satisfied
contributed to support socio-economical activities in more than 600,000 passengers with its excellent riding
Japan and assist industrial growth, comforts and very low operational audible noise. It lm-
Our land is narrow and long extended over 2000km from pressed them as a promising future transport in urban
north-east to south-west. The need for superspeed area. Continuously demonstrations of HSST-03 in Expo'86
ground transportation system is considered as the in Vancouver and HSST-04 in Saitama attracted interests
growth of the demand of the Shinkansen system, of many veoples. In 1989 on the occasion of Yokohama
especially for the connection between Tokyo and Osaka. fair, HSST-05 was licenced for revenue service by MOT on
However, the rail system has its own limit of operati- the basis of operational results before as a demonstra-
onal velocity due to maintenance efforts to keep it rien transport operable up to 60bn/h. Practical deve-
with high reliability and environmental influences on lopment for the urban transport is taken over by the
the area along its track. The problem is more severe in project in Nagoya based on its success in Yokohama.
the metropolitan area. After the basic research on the principle of the
Therefore the deve].opments of the maglev transports superconducting electrodynamic suspension system and the
were considered and started in late 60's, in order to superconducting magnets in Railway Technology Research
solve the l_nits of the wheel and rail system. Begining Institute, JR constructed a 7km long test track in 1977
with the basic research on the new concepts and the in Hyuuga, Miyazaki. ML-500 vehicle recorded the highest
realization of necessary co_3onents, the developments velocity of 517km/h in 1979 and verified the technical
have taken more than 20 years and are at their final feasibility of the system. The guideway was modified
stage for the practical applications, into U-shape in 1980 and the manned operation was
carried out thereafter with MLU-001 vehicle
II. Short History of Developments successfully. Though its operational velocity was
limited due to original dimension of the guideway, it
At early 70's, after basic researches in institutes and attained at the speed of 401km/h. Improvement of super-
universities, the Ministry of Transport, Japan (MOT), conducting magnets was done to increase their reliabi-
the Japan Air [,ines (JAL) and the Japanese National litv and better their characteristics to realize appli-
Railways (JR) were interested on the maglev system as cable ones to practical system.
transports in future in different application fields Though JR was separated and put into private manage-
respectively, and started practical development for ments in 1987, the development was continued and
their own purposes. MOT wished to solve the problem of transfered to RTRI. The prototype vehicle MLU-002 with
public acceptance for the construction of new urban the half size of the practical model and equipped with
transportation systems needed from the rapid increase bogietracks, was introduced. Operational characteristics
of the population in large cities with the reduction of of superconducting magnets agaist complicated dynamic
environmental infringement due to the operation of motion of bogies coupled with car body were measured and
transportation systems based on the principle of evaluated for the design of the full-scale train. On the
contactless maglev system. JAL intended to introduce a basis of the concept of this this system, JR Central
new high speed _::nsport mean to connect airports Japan proposed the Linear Express Project in 1989, which
with city centers in short time, in order to keep up would connect Tokyo with Osaka in about an hour as a
with expansion of the domestic air network. JR concent- future system to measure the growth of demand in tl,_
rated to develop the superconducting maglev system, 21st century. It was approved as a candidate system for
which could operate at the velocity up to 500-600km/h the Chuoh Shinkansen Project which L'einferthes Tokaido
and was applicable as the next generation inter-city Shinkansen as a trunk line for the Tokyo-Osaka corridor.
system replacing the Shinkansen. To prove the technical readiness of the superconducting
MOT constructed a 166m test track at Tsukimino near system for the project, a new large scale test track was
Tokyo. A test vehicle EML-50 of 1.8t with the electro- decided to be constructed in the south east of Koufu,
magentic suspension system (EMS) was made and operated. Yamanashi in 1990 by MOT.(1)
It verified the technical feasibility of the maglev
system, but the original concept was based on too heavy III. Superconducting Magiev System
vehicle for the urban application. The council for the
transportation technologies of MOT approved the In order to evaluate technical completion to be
necessity of the urban maglev transports and applied to a practical system with the operational speed
reconTnended their staged development in cooperation up to 500km/h, and clarify the economical basis of the
with HSST project, investment, the Yamanashi test track is under
