Magnetic Properties of d-Elements, Alloys and Compounds Under Pressure

494 Pages·2014·37.66 MB·English

by  T. Kaneko

Landolt-Börnstein / New Series
Landolt-Börnstein
Numerical Data and Functional Relationships
in Science and Technology

New Series

Units and Fundamental Constants in Physics and Chemistry
Elementary Particles, Nuclei and Atoms (Group I)

(Formerly: Nuclear and Particle Physics)
Molecules and Radicals (Group II)

(Formerly: Atomic and Molecular Physics)
Condensed Matter (Group III)

(Formerly: Solid State Physics)
Physical Chemistry (Group IV)

(Formerly: Macroscopic Properties of Matter)
Geophysics (Group V)
Astronomy and Astrophysics (Group VI)
Biophysics (Group VII)
Advanced Materials and Technologies (Group VIII)

Some of the group names have been changed to provide a better description of their contents.
Landolt-Börnstein
Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology
New Series

Group IV: Physical Chemistry
Volume 22

High Pressure Materials
Properties

Subvolume A
Magnetic Properties of d-Elements, Alloys and Compounds
Under Pressure

T. Kanomata, T. Kaneko

Edited by Y. Kawazoe, T. Kaneko, and Y. Uwatoko
Editors
Y. Kawazoe
Institute for Materials Research
Tohoku University
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
T. Kaneko
Institute for Materials Research
Tohoku University
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
Y. Uwatoko
Institute for Solid State Physics
University of Tokyo
Chiba 277-8581, Japan
ISSN 1615-2018 ISSN 1616-9557 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-642-41833-4 ISBN 978-3-642-41834-1(eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-41834-1
Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
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Editor-in-Chief
Y. Kawazoe
Institute for Materials Research
Tohoku University
2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
email: [email protected]
Editors
T. Kaneko Y. Uwatoko
Institute for Materials Research Institute for Solid State Physics
Tohoku University Universityof Tokyo
2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba-ku 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa
Sendai 980-8577, Japan Chiba 277-8581,Japan
email: [email protected] email: [email protected]
Authors
T. Kaneko T. Kanomata
Institute for Materials Research Faculty of Engineering
Tohoku University Tohoku GakuinUniversity
2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku 1-13-1 Chuo, Tagajo
Sendai 980-8577, Japan Miyagi 985-8537, Japan
email:[email protected] email: [email protected]
Landolt-Börnstein
Springer Internet
Tiergartenstr. 17 http://www.springermaterials.com
69121 Heidelberg, Germany
fax: [phone]
email: [email protected]
Preface
Pressure is one of the important independent variables with temperature which are able to control the state
of condensed materials. The essential effect of pressure application is to change both the volume of
material or atomic distance between constituent elements in the condensed materials and then their
electronic state. Various physical properties of condensed materials change with the change of electronic
states by application of pressure. At present it is well known in the effects of pressure for physical
properties of condensed materials that the most remarkable pressure effect is the occurrence of pressure-
induced new phase as seen in structural transformation, magnetic and electric phase transition and then
insulator–metal transitions induced by pressure application.
In the early 20th century, P.W. Bridgman (a Nobel prize winner 1946) has at first developed the high-
pressure-generation apparatuses, then established the experimental method for research of physical
properties of solids under high pressure, and measured compressibility of many materials, pressure effects
on electrical resistance, and studied phase transformation induced by pressure. After Bridgman the
development of various kinds of pressure-generation apparatuses using solids as compressing medium
made it possible for us to study solid-state physics under wide pressure and temperature ranges. In
particular the development of a miniature diamond anvil in the 1970’s has extended the experimental
ranges of pressures up to 50 GPa and also of the temperatures from super low temperature to those of a
few thousand degrees. On the other hand, measurement methods of various kinds of physical properties
under high pressure also were greatly developed in the last three decades. And then measurements of
magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, electric resistance, magnetoresistance, Hall effect, a dielectric
constant, ND, X-ray diffraction, specific heat, thermal expansion, ultrasonic measurements, Mössbauer
effect became possible and a large number of results have been published on the solid-state physics under
high pressure.
In the field of magnetism it was well known earlier that the volume of a ferromagnet changes with the
increase of intrinsic magnetization by application of magnetic field after saturation. This volume effect
was measured as the forced volume magnetostriction. And also, as the temperature is increased through
the Curie temperature, the loss of intrinsic magnetization has an effect on the volume which shows up as
an abnormal thermal expansion. This shows that the occurrence of intrinsic magnetization causes the
volume change of ferromagnet, which is called spontaneous volume magnetostriction. Both effects have
been called magnetovolume effects and have been used to estimate the volume dependence of intrinsic
magnetization or interaction between magnetic ions. These effects also show that the application of
pressure on a ferromagnet induces the change of magnetization and magnetic transition temperature as a
reciprocal of magnetovolume effect mentioned above. Because of the difficulty of pressure generation
and magnetic measurements under pressure, there were only few reports about the pressure effect on
magnetic properties formerly. But the techniques of pressure generation and magnetic measurements
under pressure developed rapidly after the 1970’s. They enable us not only to measure magnetization
under pressure up to 50 GPa, but to carry out even the measurements of various micro-magnetic
properties, for example, NMR, neutron diffraction, Mössbauer effect, etc. And then the recent results of
observations of magnetic phase transitions under pressure revealed that various kinds of magnetic states
(magnetic structures) are induced even in a kind of magnetic material by pressure application. At present
the temperature–pressure magnetic phase diagrams have been reported for many magnetically ordered
materials: pure metals, ordered or disordered alloys, oxides and compounds.
Preface VII
In the field of superconductivity, research of superconductivity under pressure has also made much
progress for superconducting heavy fermion compounds, oxides, and organic compounds since the
1970’s. At present it is also found that a lot of non-superconducting materials under normal pressure
transform to superconductors under high pressure. In particular, it was a quite surprising fact that even
pure iron metal was found to become superconducting at temperatures below 2 K at pressures between 15
and 30 GPa in the non-magnetic hcp phase induced by pressure and then many non-superconducting
materials to become superconducting by application of extreme high pressure of several tens of GPa.
It is expected in the field of solid-state physics that occurrence of new magnetic and superconductive
phases by pressure application and clarification of its mechanism will make a great contribution to the
development of magnetism and superconductivity research.

October 2013 The Editors
Contents

IV/22 High Pressure Materials Properties

Subvolume A: Magnetic Properties of d-Elements, Alloys and Compounds
Under Pressure

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 General remarks 1
1.1.1 On the selection of the data 2
1.2 List of symbols 3
1.3 Definitions, units, and conversion factors 5
1.4 List of abbreviations 6

2 Iron group 3d elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.1 Cr 7
2.2 α-Mn 10
2.3 α-Fe 13
2.4 ε-Co 16
2.5 Ni 18

3 Disordered alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.1 Disordered alloys between 3d elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1.1 Cr-based alloys 22
3.1.1.1 Cr-V 22
3.1.1.2 Cr-Mn 26
3.1.1.3 Cr-Fe 28
3.1.1.4 Cr-Co 32
3.1.2 Mn-based alloys 36
3.1.2.1 Mn-Fe 36
3.1.3 Fe-based alloys 37
3.1.3.1 Fe-Mn 37
3.1.3.2 Fe-Ni 39
3.1.3.3 Fe-Ni-Mn 44
3.1.3.4 Fe-Ni-Cu 47
3.1.4 Co-based alloys 49
3.1.4.1 Co-Fe-Cr 49
3.1.4.2 Co-Ni 50
3.1.5 Ni-based alloys 52
3.1.5.1 Ni-V 52
3.1.5.2 Ni-Cr 54
3.1.5.3 Ni-Mn 56
3.1.5.4 Ni-Cu 59
Contents IX
3.2 Disordered alloys of 3d elements with 4d or 5d elements . . . . . . . . 61
3.2.1 Cr-based alloys 61
3.2.1.1 Cr-Ru 61
3.2.1.2 Cr-Re 63
3.2.1.3 Cr-Ir 64
3.2.2 Mn-based alloys 65
3.2.2.1 β-MnRu 65
3.2.2.2 β-MnOs 66
3.2.2.3 β-MnIr 69
3.2.3 Fe-based alloys 70
3.2.3.1 Fe-Pd 70
3.2.3.2 Fe-Pt 72
3.2.4 Co-based alloys 75
3.2.4.1 Co-Pd 75
3.2.5 Ni-based alloys 76
3.2.5.1 Ni-Rh 76
3.2.5.2 Ni-Pd 78
3.2.5.3 Ni-Pt 81

3.3 Disordered alloys of 3d elements with nonmagnetic elements . . . . . . 83
3.3.1 Cr-based alloys 83
3.3.1.1 Cr-Al 83
3.3.1.2 Cr-Si 85
3.3.1.3 Cr-Ge 87
3.3.1.4 Cr-Ga 89
3.3.1.5 Cr-Mo 91
3.3.2 Fe-based alloys 93
3.3.2.1 Fe-Si 93
3.3.3 Ni-based alloys 95
3.3.3.1 Ni-Si 95

4 Ordered alloys and intermetallic compounds . . . . . . . . . . 96

4.1 Binary ordered alloys and intermetallic compounds . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.1.1 T T’ alloys 96
1 1
4.1.1.1 Ti(FeCo ) 96
x 1–x
4.1.2 T D alloys 98
1 1
4.1.2.1 FeRh 98
4.1.2.2 (Fe Ni)Rh 101
1–x x
4.1.2.3 Fe(Rh Ir) 103
1–x x
4.1.2.4 FePt 104
4.1.2.5 CoPt 105