Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions in Beishan and Eastern Tianshan at Southern CAOB: Petrogenesis, Mineralization and Tectonic Implication

219 Pages·2014·7.058 MB·English

by  Ben-Xun Su (auth.)

Springer Theses
Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
Ben-Xun Su
Mafic-ultramafic
Intrusions in Beishan
and Eastern Tianshan
at Southern CAOB:
Petrogenesis,
Mineralization and
Tectonic Implication
Springer Theses
Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research
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Ben-Xun Su
Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions
in Beishan and Eastern
Tianshan at Southern CAOB:
Petrogenesis, Mineralization
and Tectonic Implication
Doctoral Thesis accepted by
Institute of Geology and Geophysics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
123
Author Supervisor
Dr. Ben-XunSu Prof.Ke-Zhang Qin
Instituteof Geology andGeophysics Instituteof Geology andGeophysics
ChineseAcademy ofSciences ChineseAcademy ofSciences
Beijing Beijing
People’s Republic ofChina People’s Republic ofChina
ISSN 2190-5053 ISSN 2190-5061 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-642-54253-4 ISBN 978-3-642-54262-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54262-6
Springer Heidelberg NewYork Dordrecht London
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014931864
(cid:2)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014
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Parts of this thesis have been published in the following journal articles:
1. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Santosh, M., Sun, H., Tang, D.M., 2013. The Early
Permian mafic-ultramafic complexes in the Beishan Terrane, NW China:
Alaskan-typeintrusivesorriftcumulates?JournalofAsianEarthSciences66,
175–187. (Reproduced with Permission)
2. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Tang, D.M., Sakyi, P.A., Liu, P.P., Sun, H., Xiao, Q.H.,
2013. Late Paleozoic mafic-ultramafic intrusions in southern Central Asian
Orogenic Belt (NW China): insight into magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide mineraliza-
tion in orogenic setting. Ore Geology Reviews 51, 57–73. (Reproduced with
Permission)
3. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Sun, H., Tang, D.M., Sakyi, P.A., Chu, Z.Y., Liu, P.P.,
Xiao, Q.H., 2012. Subduction-induced mantle heterogeneity beneath Eastern
Tianshan and Beishan: insights from Nd-Sr-Hf-O isotopic mapping of Late
Paleozoic mafic-ultramafic complexes. Lithos 134–135, 41–51. (Reproduced
with Permission)
4. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Sun, H., Tang, D.M., Xiao, Q.H., Liu, P.P., Sakyi, P.A.,
2012. Olivine compositional mapping of mafic-ultramafic complexes in
Eastern Xinjiang (NW China): Implications for mineralization and tectonic
dynamics.JournalofEarthScience23,41–53.(ReproducedwithPermission)
5. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Sakyi, P.A., Tang, D.M., Liu, P.P., Malaviarachchi,
S.P.K., Xiao, Q.H., Sun, H., 2012. Geochronologic-petrochemical studies of
the Hongshishan mafic-ultramafic intrusion, Beishan area, Xinjiang (NW
China):petrogenesisandtectonicimplications.InternationalGeologyReview
54, 270–289. (Reproduced with Permission)
6. Su,B.X.,Qin,K.Z.,Tang,D.M.,Deng,G.,Xiao,Q.H.,Sun,H.,Lu,H.F.,Dai,
Y.C., 2011. Petrological features and implications for mineralization of the
Poshi mafic-ultramafic intrusion in Beishan area, Xinjiang. Acta Petrologica
Sinica 27, 3627–3639. (Reproduced with Permission)
7. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Sakyi, P.A., Li, X.H., Yang, Y.H., Sun, H., Tang, D.M.,
Liu, P.P., Xiao, Q.H., Malaviarachchi, S.P.K., 2011. U-Pb ages and Hf-O
isotopes of zircons from Late Paleozoic mafic-ultramafic units in southern
CentralAsianOrogenicBelt:tectonicimplicationsandevidenceforanEarly-
Permian mantle plume. Gondwana Research 20, 516–531. (Reproduced with
Permission)
8. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Sakyi, P.A., Liu, P.P., Tang, D.M., Malaviarachchi,
S.P.K., Xiao, Q.H., Sun, H., Dai, Y.C., Hu, Y., 2011. Geochemistry and
geochronologyofacidicrocksintheBeishanregion,NWChina:petrogenesis
and tectonic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 41, 31–43.
(Reproduced with Permission)
9. Su,B.X.,Qin,K.Z.,Sun,H.,Wang,H.,2010.Geochronological,petrological,
mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Xuanwoling mafic-ultramafic
intrusion in Beishan area, Xinjiang. Acta Petrologica Sinica 26, 3283–3294.
(Reproduced with Permission)
10. Su, B.X., Qin, K.Z., Sun, H., Tang, D.M., Qiao, Q.H., Cao, M.J., 2009. Pet-
rological and mineralogical characteristics of Hongshishan mafic-ultramafic
complex in Beishan area, Xinjiang: implications for assimilation and frac-
tionalcrystallization.ActaPetrologicaSinica25,873–887.(Reproducedwith
Permission)
11. Qin, K.Z., Su, B.X., Sakyi, P.A., Tang, D.M., Li, X.H., Sun, H., Xiao, Q.H.,
Liu, P.P., 2011. SIMS Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopes of
Ni-Cubearingmafic-ultramaficintrusionsinEasternTianshanandBeishanin
correlationwithfloodbasaltsinTarimBasin(NWChina):constraintsonaca.
280 Ma mantle plume. American Journal of Science 311, 237–260.
(Reproduced with Permission)
Supervisor’s Foreword
Abundant basaltic lavas widely distributed in the Tarim Basin, NW China, have
been identified asalarge igneousprovince.InBeishanandeasternTianshan, east
to the Tarim LIP, a number of mafic-ultramafic intrusions and associated Ni–Cu
sulfide deposits occur. Late Paleozoic is a key tectonic evolutional stage for the
CentralAsianOrogenicBelt.Littleisknownabouttheproportionofcontributions
from the Early Permian mantle plume to the above events. In this aspect, Su’s
doctoral thesis resulted in some important findings about the origin of these
intrusions and the relationship to Tarim LIP.
Since Benxun joined our group in 2008, he spent more than 200 days in field
survey. He demonstrates great enthusiasm and superb capacity both on field and
microscopic observation and also geochemical analysis, and present zircon SIMS
U-Pbageandwhole-rockSr–NdisotopicandzirconHf–Oisotopicdataaswellas
compiled results from previous studies, to understand the correlation between the
Tarim flood basalts and mafic-ultramafic intrusions. The lithospheric mantle
beneaththeTianshananditsadjacentregionshadpreviouslybeenmetasomatized
bysubductedslabbutstillpreservesdepletionfeatures,andcouldbethesourceof
high-Mg magmas forming the Ni–Cu-bearing mafic-ultramafic intrusions.
A mantle plume model suggested in this study is limited spatially within
Tianshan, Tarim, and Beishan, and temporally in the Early Permian, obviously
differing from the plume model previously proposed as Carboniferous–Permian
plume or early Permian smaller and more plume pinnules. It is significant for the
understanding of the regional geological evolution and influence scale of Tarim
Plume.
Beijing, China, November 2013 Prof. Ke-Zhang Qin
vii
Acknowledgments
There are many people that I would express great thanks for their support on
this Ph.D. research project. First and foremost, I am grateful to my supervisor
Prof.Ke-ZhangQin.Throughoutthestudyperiod,Prof.Qinhasraisedmyinterest
on the project, provided consistent encouragement, and a perfect combination of
academic guidance and independence. He always makes himself available for
discussion and advice, which pushes me forward to make this research possible.
His insightful and independent thinking and conscientious attitude of research
infect me a lot in my career.
Special thanks are due to all the members of the Orogenic Belts and
Ore-FormingProcessresearchteam.Theyalwaysprovidekindhelpandassistance
during field excursions, lab work, and paper writing processes. I gratefully
acknowledgemanyresearchersinourinstitutefortheirconstructivecommentsand
academicsupportduringmyPh.D.study.Iwouldalsoliketoshowmygratitudeto
Dr.PatrickAsamoahSakyiintheUniversityofGhanaforhisconstructivereviews
and language polish which greatly improved my papers and therefore my thesis.
Last but not least, I am grateful to my family for their love, patience, and
encouragement.
ThethesiswasfinanciallysupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation
ofChina(Grants41030424),ChineseState305Program(Grant2006BAB07B03-
01),andFoundationfor theSupervisorofBeijing ExcellentDoctoralDissertation
(Grant20128000101).
ix
Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Tectonic Evolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Mineralization of Mafic-ultramafic Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Controversies on Mafic-ultramafic Complexes
in Southern CAOB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Mantle Plume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Regional Geology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 Geological Background. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Eastern Tianshan and Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3 Beishan Terrane and Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.4 Kalatongke Intrusion in Southern Altay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3 Analytical Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.1 Mineral Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 Geochemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.1 Major and Trace Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.2 Rb–Sr–Sm–Nd Isotopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.3 Sulfur Isotopes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3 U–Pb Dating and Hf–O Isotopes of Zircons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4 Petrology and Mineralogy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.1 Hongshishan Mafic-ultramafic Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.2 Poshi Intrusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3 Xuanwoling Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.4 Bijiashan Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.5 Luodong Intrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.6 Other Intrusions Mentioned in the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
xi