Luwian Identities: Culture, Language and Religion Between Anatolia and the Aegean

613 Pages·2013·18.38 MB·English

by  Alice Mouton

Luwian Identities
Culture and History of the
Ancient Near East
Founding Editor
M.H.E. Weippert
Editor-in-Chief
Thomas Schneider
Editors
Eckart Frahm (Yale University)
W. Randall Garr (University of California, Santa Barbara)
B. Halpern (Pennsylvania State University)
Theo P.J. van den Hout (Oriental Institute)
Irene J. Winter (Harvard University)
VOLUME 64
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/chan
Luwian Identities
Culture, Language and Religion Between
Anatolia and the Aegean
Edited by
Alice Mouton
Ian Rutherford
Ilya Yakubovich
LEIdEN • BOSTON
2013
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Luwian identities : culture, language and religion between Anatolia and the Aegean / edited by
Alice Mouton, Ian Rutherford, Ilya Yakubovich.
  pages cm. — (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East, ISSN 1566-2055 ; volume 64)
 Includes index.
 ISBN 978-90-04-25279-0 (hardback : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-90-04-25341-4 (e-book) 
1. Luwians—Congresses. I. Mouton, Alice. II. Rutherford, Ian. III. Yakubovich, Ilya S.
 dS59.L86L885 2013
 939’.2—dc23
2013011075
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ISSN 1566-2055
ISBN 978-90-04-25279-0 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-25341-4 (e-book)
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CONTENTS
Introduction  .................................................................................................... 1
Alice Mouton, Ian Rutherford and Ilya Yakubovich
PART ONE
PRESENT STATE OF THE LUWIAN STUdIES
Luwians versus Hittites  ................................................................................ 25
J. David Hawkins
Peoples and Maps—Nomenclature and definitions  .......................... 41
Stephen Durnford
PART TWO
LUWIAN COMMUNITIES OF CENTRAL ANATOLIA
Names on Seals, Names in Texts. Who Were These People?  ........... 73
Mark Weeden
Anatolian Names in -wiya and the Structure of Empire
Luwian Onomastics  .................................................................................. 87
Ilya Yakubovich
Luwian Words in Hittite Festivals  ............................................................ 125
Susanne Görke
CTH 767.7—The Birth Ritual of Pittei: Its Occasion and the
Use of Luwianisms  .................................................................................... 135
Mary R. Bachvarova
‘Luwian’ Religious Texts in the Archives of Ḫattuša  .......................... 159
Daliah Bawanypeck
vi contents
The Luwian Cult of the Goddess Huwassanna vs. Her Position
in the “Hittite State Cult”  ....................................................................... 177
Manfred Hutter
PART THREE
LUWIAN CULTURE IN SOUTH-EASTERN ANATOLIA
A Luwian Shrine? The Stele Building at Kilise Tepe  .......................... 193
Nicholas Postgate and Adam Stone
A New Luwian Rock Inscription from Kahramanmaraş  ................... 215
Meltem Doğan-Alparslan and Metin Alparslan
Carchemish Before and After 1200 BC  .................................................... 233
Sanna Aro
PART FOUR
LUWIAN ANd LUWIC GROUPS OF WESTERN ANATOLIA
James Mellaart and the Luwians: A Culture-(Pre)history  ................. 279
Christoph Bachhuber
The Cultural development of Western Anatolia in the Third
and Second Millennia BC and its Relationship with
Migration Theories  ................................................................................... 305
Deniz Sarı
Luwian Religion, a Research Project: The Case of “Hittite” Augury  ... 329
Alice Mouton and Ian Rutherford
Hieroglyphic Inscriptions of Western Anatolia: Long Arm of
the Empire or Vernacular Tradition(s)?  ............................................ 345
Rostislav Oreshko
Greek (and our) Views on the Karians  ................................................... 421
Alexander Herda
contents vii
PART FIVE
CULTURAL CONTACTS BETWEEN LUWIAN
OR LUWIC GROUPS ANd THE AEGEAN
divine Things: The Ivories from the Artemision and the Luwian
Identity of Ephesos  ................................................................................... 509
Alan M. Greaves
Iyarri at the Interface: The Origins of Ares  ............................................ 543
Alexander Millington
Singers of Lazpa: Reconstructing Identities on Bronze
Age Lesbos  .................................................................................................. 567
Annette Teffeteller
Index  .................................................................................................................. 591

INTRODUCTION
Alice Mouton, Ian Rutherford and Ilya Yakubovich
This volume arose out of the conference held at the University of Reading
in June 2011. Its purpose is to bring into being an interdisciplinary field,
Luwian Studies.1 This does not mean that it can provide one authoritative
answer to the question “Who were the Luwians”. Our goal is rather to
formulate this broad question in a way that will encourage cooperative
work by researchers from different backgrounds, including textual schol-
ars, linguists, philologists, and archaeologists. In order to see why this task
is necessary, it seems appropriate to begin with reviewing what we actu-
ally know about the Luwians.
1. Luwians and Hittites
The earliest interest in the Luwians came from scholars of ancient Anato-
lian civilizations. Although for many decades the Luwians have occupied
a modest place in academic discourse, which was concentrated on their
more illustrious neighbours, the Hittites, this situation is now changing.
To a large extent, the previous bias was due to the peculiarities of termi-
nological usage that gave unfair promotion to the Hittites over the Luwi-
ans and the Hattians.
It is a well-known fact that the cuneiform archives of the imperial
capital Hattusa contain texts in seven different languages, one of which
is now called Luwian. In this we follow the people that we call Hittites,
because some of the Luwian passages embedded into the Hittite narrative
are introduced by the Hittite form luwili ‘in Luwian’. This is a foreign des-
ignation (an ‘exonym’), and we have no way of knowing what the Luwians
called themselves. It is generally assumed that luwili is derived from the
geographical name Luwiya, which is mentioned several times in the Hit-
tite Laws, apparently as one of the territories under the jurisdiction of
1 The term Luwian has a variant ‘Luvian’, preferred by a number of linguists that are
based or were educated in the USA. The first variant is consistently used throughout this
volume, but the second one sometimes occurs in bibliographic references.