Lumb and Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia

1073 Pages·2007·125.36 MB·English

by  William J. Tranquilli

Lumb & Jones'
Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
Fourth Edition
Edited by
William J. Tranquilli
John C. Thurmon
Kurt A. Grimm
Blackwell
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lumb & Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. —4th ed. /
edited by William J. Tranquilli, John C. Thurmon, and Kurt A.
Grimm.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia / edited by
John C. Thurmon, William J. Tranquilli, G. John Benson. •
3rd ed. 1996.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-5471-2 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-7817-5471-2 (alk. paper)
1. Veterinary anesthesia. 2. Analgesia. I. Tranquilli, William J.
II. Thurmon, John С. III. Grimm, Kurt A. IV. Veterinary anesthesia.
V. Lumb and Jones' veterinary anesthesia. VI. Title: Lumb and
Jones' veterinary anesthesia and analgesia. VII. Title: Veterinary
anesthesia and analgesia.
[DNLM: 1. Anesthesia—veterinary. 2. Analgesia—veterinary.
SF914L9567 2007]
SF914.L82 2007
636.089 '796—dc 22
2006025002
The last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4
Dedication
The fourth edition of this text is dedicated to the pioneering indi­ We dedicate our efforts in bringing this edition to publication
viduals instrumental in developing the specialty of veterinary to our parents for imparting the values of hard work, loyalty, and
anesthesiology and to the practitioners and scientists who con­ patience; to our teachers and colleagues for the belief that scien­
tinue to advance veterinary anesthesia and the evolving field of tific knowledge gives us the best chance to know what is real; to
pain management. Every veterinarian, technician, and staff mem­ our wives for their undying devotion and support of family; and
ber who daily champions the humaneness of patient care in the to our children and students for making everything joyful and
academic, research, or clinical environment is to be appreciated. worthwhile.
We owe much to members of the veterinary profession, as well
as to those in allied medical fields, who have focused their life's William J. Tranquilli
work on discovering better and safer methods of achieving anes­ John C. Thurmon
thesia and pain alleviation in the animals that we are privileged Kurt A. Grimm
to attend and heal.
v
Contents
Dedication v 14. Local Anesthetics 395
Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli
Contributors ix
15. Muscle Relaxants and Neuromuscular Blockade 419
Foreword xiii
Elizabeth A. Martinez and Robert D. Keegan
Preface xv
16. Drug Interactions 439
Mark G. Papich
I. GENERAL TOPICS
1. History and Overview of Veterinary Anesthesia 3
IV. EQUIPMENT AND MONITORING
John C. Thurmon and Charles E. Short
17. Anesthetic Machines and Breathing Systems 453
2. Considerations for General Anesthesia 7 Sandee M. Hansfield
William W. Muir
18. Airway Management and Ventilation 495
3. Pain and Its Management 31 Sandee M. Hartsfield
Peter W. Hellyer, Sheilah A. Robertson,
19. Monitoring Anesthetized Patients 533
and Anna D. Fails
Steve C. Haskins
II. PHYSIOLOGY
V. SELECTED ANESTHETIC AND ANALGESIC
4. Cardiovascular System 61
TECHNIQUES
William W. Muir
20. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic
5. Respiratory System 117 Techniques: Dogs 561
Wayne N. McDonell and Carolyn L. Kerr Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli
6. Nervous System 153 21. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic
Kurt A. Grimm and Anne E. Wagner Techniques: Cats 595
Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli
7. Acid-Base Physiology 169
William W. Muir and Helio A. de Morais 22. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic
Techniques: Horses 605
III. PHARMACOLOGY Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli
8. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Blood Component Therapy 183
23. Local and Regional Anesthetic and Analgesic
David C. Seeler
Techniques'. Ruminants and Swine 643
9. Anticholinergics and Sedatives 203 Roman T. Skarda and William J. Tranquilli
Kip A. Lemke
24. Acupuncture 683
10. Opioids, Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories, and Roman T. Skarda and Maria Glowaski
Analgesic Adjuvants 241
25. Rehabilitation and Palliative Analgesia 697
Leigh A. Lamont and Karol A. Mathews
Dianne Dunning and Duncan X. Lascelles
11. Injectable and Alternative Anesthetic Techniques 273
Keith R. Branson VI. ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA, AND
IMMOBILIZATION OF SELECTED SPECIES
12. Dissociative Anesthetics 301
AND CLASSES OF ANIMALS
Hui-Chu Lin
26. Dogs and Cats 705
13. Inhalation Anesthetics 355 Richard M. Bednarski
Eugene P. Steffey and Khursheed R. Mama
vii
viii • Contents
27. Horses 717 41. Gastrointestinal Disease 927
John A. E. Hubbell Stephen A. Greene and Steven L. Marks
28. Ruminants 731 42. Endocrine Disease 933
Thomas W. Riebold Ralph C. Harvey and Michael Schaer
29. Swine 747 43. Airway Disease 937
John C. Thunnon and Geoffrey W. Smith Stephen A. Greene and Ralph C. Harvey
30. Laboratory Animals 765
VIII. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA FOR SELECTED
Paul A. Flecknell, Claire A. Richardson,
PATIENTS AND PROCEDURES
and Aleksandar Popovic
44. Ocular Patients 943
31. Exotic and Zoo Animal Species 785 Marjorie E. Gross and Elizabeth A. Giuliano
Rachael E. Carpenter and David B. Brunson
45. Anesthetic Management of Cesarean Section Patients 955
32. Chemical Immobilization of Free-Ranging Marc R. Raffe and Rachael E. Carpenter
Terrestrial Mammals 807
46. Trauma and Critical Patients 9(59
Nigel A. Caulkett and Jon M. Arnemo
Gwendolyn L. Carroll and David D. Martin
33. Aquatic Mammals 833
41. Neonatal and Geriatric Patients 985
David B. Brunson
Glenn R. Pettifer and Tamara L. Grubb
34. Birds 841
48. Dental Patients 993
John W. Ludders and Nora S. Matthews
Rachael E. Carpenter and Sandra Manfra Marretta
35. Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish 869
49. Cancer Patients 997
Darryl J. Heard and Mark D. Stetter
Duncan X. Lascelles and James S. Gaynor
VII. ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA OF PATIENTS 50. Orthopedic Patients 1009
WITH SPECIFIC DISEASE Elizabeth M. Hardie and Victoria M. Lukasik
36. Cardiovascular Disease 891
51. Horses with Colic 1019
Ralph C. Harvey and Stephen J. Ettinger
Cynthia M. Trim and James N. Moore
37. Pulmonary Disease 899
52. Selected Diagnostic Procedures 1027
Robert R. Paddleford and Stephen A. Greene
Janyce L. Cornick-Seahorn, Jennifer Grimm,
38. Neurological Disease 903 and Steven L. Marks
Ralph C. Harvey, Stephen A. Greene, and
53. Anesthetic Emergencies and Procedures 1033
William B. Thomas
A. Thomas Evans and Deborah V. Wilson
39. Renal Disease 915
Appendix 1049
Stephen A. Greene and Gregory F. Grauer
Index 1057
40. Hepatic Disease 921
Stephen A. Greene and Steven L. Marks
Contributors
Jon M. Arnemo, DVM, PhD Helio Autran de Morais, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology Department of Medical Sciences
Section of Arctic Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science University of Wisconsin
NO-9292 Troms0, Norway Madison, WI 53706
Richard M. Bednarski, DVM, MS, DACVA Dianne Dunning, DVM, MS, DACVS
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University
Ohio State University Raleigh, NC 27606
Columbus, OH 43210
Stephen J. Ettinger, DVM, DACVIM
Keith R. Branson, DVM, MS, DACVA California Animal Hospital Veterinary Specialty Group
Department of Medicine and Surgery Drs. Ettinger, Lusk, Barrett, Norman, Charette, and Sammut, A
College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Corporation
University of Missouri Los Angeles, CA 90025
Columbia, MO 65211
A. Thomas Evans, DVM, MS, DACVA
David B. Brunson, DVM, MS, DACVA Veterinary Clinical Center
Department of Surgical Sciences Michigan State University
School of Veterinary Medicine East Lansing, MI 48824
University of Wisconsin
Madison, WI 53711 Anna D. Fails, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Rachael E. Carpenter, DVM College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Colorado State University
College of Veterinary Medicine Fort Collins, CO 80523
University of Illinois
Urbana, IL 61802 Paul A. Flecknell, VetMB, PhD, DECLAM, DECVA
Comparative Biology Centre
Gwendolyn Light Carroll, DVM, MS, DACVA Newcastle University
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE2 4HH
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M University James S. Gaynor, DVM, MS, DACVA
College Station, TX 77843-4474 Animal Anesthesia and Pain Management Center
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
Nigel A. Caulkett, DVM, MVetSc, DACVA
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Elizabeth A. Giuliano, DVM, MS, DACVO
University of Calgary Department of Medicine and Surgery
Calgary, Canada T2N 4N1 College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Missouri-Columbia
Janyce L. Cornick-Seahorn, DVM, MS, DACVA, DACVIM Columbia, MO 65211
Equine Veterinary Specialists
Georgetown, KY 40324
ix
х • Contributors
Maria Glowaski, DVM, DACVA Steve C. Haskins, DVM, MS, DACVA, DACVECC
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine
Ohio State University University of California
Columbus, OH 43210-1089 Davis, С A 95616
Gregory F. Grauer, DVM, MS, DACVIM Darryl J. Heard, BVMS, PhD, DACZM
Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
Kansas State University University of Florida
Manhattan, KS 66506 Gainesville, FL 32610-0126
Stephen A. Greene, DVM, MS, DACVA Peter W. Hellyer, DVM, MS, DACVA
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine Colorado State University
Washington State University Fort Collins, CO 80523
Pullman, WA 99164-6610
John A. E. Hubbell, DVM, MS, DACVA
Jennifer B. Grimm, DVM, MS, DACVR Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Veterinary Specialist Services, PC College of Veterinary Medicine
Conifer, CO 80433-0504 Ohio State University
Columbus, OH 43210
Kurt A. Grimm, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DACVP
Veterinary Specialist Services, PC Robert D. Keegan, DVM, DACVA
Conifer, CO 80433-0504 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Marjorie E. Gross, DVM, MS, DACVA Washington State University
Department of Clinical Medicine Pullman, WA 99164
College of Veterinary Medicine
Oklahoma State University Carolyn L. Kerr, DVM, DVSc, PhD, DACVA
Stillwater, OK 74078-2005 Department of Clinical Studies
Ontario Veterinary College
Tamara L. Grubb, DVM, MS, DACVA University of Guelph
Pfizer Animal Health Guelph, Canada NIG 2W1
Uniontown, WA 99179
Leigh A. Lamont, DVM, MS, DACVA
Elizabeth M. Hardie, DVM, PhD, DACVS Department of Companion Animals
Department of Clinical Sciences Atlantic Veterinary College
College of Veterinary Medicine University of Prince Edward Island
North Carolina State University Charlottetown, Canada CI A 4P3
Raleigh, NC 27606
B. Duncan X. Lascelles, BVSc, PhD, DECVS, DACVS
Sandee M. Hartsfield, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University
Texas A&M University Raleigh, NC 27606
College Station, TX 77843-4474
Kip A. Lemke, DVM, MS, DACVA
Ralph C. Harvey, DVM, MS, DACVA Department of Companion Animals
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Atlantic Veterinary College
College of Veterinary Medicine University of Prince Edward Island
University of Tennessee Charlottetown, Canada CIA 4P3
C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Knoxville, TN 37996-4544
Contributors • xi
Hui-Chu Lin, DVM, MS, DACVA Nora S. Matthews, DVM, DACVA
Department of Clinical Sciences Department Small Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Auburn University Texas A&M University
Auburn, AL 36849 College Station, TX 77843-4474
John W. Ludders, DVM, DACVA Wayne N. McDonell, DVM, PhD, DACVA
Department of Clinical Sciences Department of Clinical Studies
College of Veterinary Medicine Ontario Veterinary College
Cornell University University of Guelph
Ithaca, NY 14853 Guelph, Canada NIG 2W1
Victoria M. Lukasik, DVM, DACVA James N. Moore, DVM, PhD, DACVS
Southwest Veterinary Anesthesiology Department of Large Animal Medicine
Southern Arizona Veterinary Specialty Center College of Veterinary Medicine
Tucson, AZ 85705 University of Georgia
Athens, GA 30602
Khursheed R. Mama, DVM, DACVA
Department of Clinical Sciences William W. Muir, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DACVECC
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620 Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio 43210
Sandra Manfra Marretta, DVM, DAVDC
Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine Robert R. Paddleford, DVM, DACVA, DACVECC
College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine
Urbana, IL 61802 University of Tennessee
Knoxville, TN 37996-4544
Steven L. Marks, BVSc, MS, DACVIM and
Department of Clinical Sciences Volunteer Veterinary Anesthesia Consulting Service
College of Veterinary Medicine Rockford, TN 37853
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27606 Mark G. Papich, DVM, MS, DACVCD
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences
David D. Martin, DVM, DACVA College of Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary Operations North Carolina State University
Companion Animal Division Raleigh, NC 27606
Pfizer Animal Health
New York, NY Glenn R. Pettifer, DVM, DVSc, DACVA
Veterinary Emergency Clinic and Referral Centre
Elizabeth A. Martinez, DVM, DACVA Toronto, Canada M4W 3C7
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Aleksandar Popovic, DVM, Cert LAS
Texas A&M University Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research
College Station, TX 77843-4474 Kirkland, Canada H9H 311
Karol A. Mathews, DVM, DVSc, DACVECC Marc R. Raffe, DVM, MS, DACVA, DACVECC
Department of Clinical Studies Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
Ontario Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Guelph University of Illinois
Guelph, Canada NIG 2W1 Urbana, IL 61802
xii • Contributors
Claire A. Richardson, BVM&S Eugene P. Steffey, VMD, PhD, DACVA, DECVA
Comparative Biology Centre Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences
Newcastle University Medical School School of Veterinary Medicine
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE2 4HH University of California
Davis, С A 95616
Thomas W. Riebold, DVM, DACVA
Department of Clinical Sciences Mark D. Stetter, DVM, DACZM
College of Veterinary Medicine Disney's Animal Programs
Oregon State University Walt Disney World
Corvallis, OR 97331 Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830
Sheilah A. Robertson, BVM&S, PhD, DACVA William B. Thomas, DVM, MS, DACVM
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee
University of Florida C247 Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Gainesville. FL 32610 Knoxville, TN 37996-4544
Michael Schaer, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC John C. Thurmon, DVM, MS, DACVA
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Florida University of Illinois
Gainesville, FL 32610 Urbana, IL 61802
David C. Seeler, DVM, MSc, DACVA William J. Tranquilli, DVM, MS, DACVA
Department of Companion Animals Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine
Atlantic Veterinary College College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Prince Edward Island University of Illinois
Charlottetown, Canada, CIA 4P3 Urbana, IL 61802
Charles E. Short, DVM, PhD, DACVA, DECVA Cynthia M. Trim, BVSc, DACVA, DECVA
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Large Animal Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tennessee University of Georgia
Knoxville, TN 37996-4544 Athens, GA 30602
Roman T. Skarda, DMV, PhD (deceased), DACVA, DECVA Ann E. Wagner, DVM, MS, DACVP, DACVA
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Ohio State University Colorado State University
Columbus, OH 43210-1089 Fort Collins, CO 80523
Geoffrey W. Smith, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Deborah V. Wilson, BVSc, MS, DACVA
Department of Population Health and Pathobiology Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
North Carolina State University Michigan State University
Raleigh, NC 27606 East Lansing, MI 48824