LTE-Advanced: 3GPP Solution for IMT-Advanced

240 Pages·2012·4.411 MB·English

LTE-ADVANCED
LTE-ADVANCED
3GPP SOLUTION FOR
IMT-ADVANCED
Editors
HarriHolmaandAnttiToskala
NokiaSiemensNetworks,Finland
Thiseditionfirstpublished2012
#2012JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
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LibraryofCongressCataloguing-in-PublicationData
LTE-advanced:3GPPsolutionforIMT-advanced/editedbyHarriHolma,AnttiToskala.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-119-97405-5(cloth)
1. Long-TermEvolution(Telecommunications) I. Holma,Harri,1970–
II. Toskala,Antti.
TK5103.48325.L732012
621.3845’6–dc23
2012012173
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:9781119974055
Setin10/12ptTimesbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India.
ToKiiraandEevi
–HarriHolma
ToLotta-Maria,Maija-KerttuandOlli-Ville
–AnttiToskala
Contents
ListofContributors xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
ListofAbbreviations xix
1 Introduction 1
HarriHolmaandAnttiToskala
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 RadioTechnologyConvergenceTowardsLTE 1
1.3 LTECapabilities 3
1.4 UnderlyingTechnologyEvolution 4
1.5 TrafficGrowth 4
1.6 LTE-AdvancedSchedule 6
1.7 LTE-AdvancedOverview 6
1.8 Summary 7
2 LTE-AdvancedStandardization 8
AnttiToskala
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 LTE-AdvancedandIMT-Advanced 8
2.3 LTE-AdvancedRequirements 9
2.4 LTE-AdvancedStudyandSpecificationPhases 10
2.5 FurtherLTE-Advanced3GPPReleases 11
2.6 LTE-AdvancedSpecifications 11
2.7 Conclusions 12
References 12
3 LTERelease8and9Overview 14
AnttiToskala
3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 PhysicalLayer 14
3.3 Architecture 22
3.4 Protocols 23
viii Contents
3.5 EPCandIMS 26
3.6 UECapabilityandDifferencesinRelease8and9 27
3.7 Conclusions 28
References 29
4 DownlinkCarrierAggregation 30
MieszkoChmielandAnttiToskala
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 CarrierAggregationPrinciple 30
4.3 ProtocolImpactfromCarrierAggregation 33
4.4 PhysicalLayerImpactfromCarrierAggregation 38
4.5 Performance 42
4.6 BandCombinationsforCarrierAggregation 46
4.7 Conclusions 48
Reference 49
5 UplinkCarrierAggregation 50
JariLindholm,ClaudioRosa,HuaWangandAnttiToskala
5.1 Introduction 50
5.2 UplinkCarrierAggregationPrinciple 50
5.3 ProtocolImpactsfromUplinkCarrierAggregation 51
5.4 PhysicalLayerImpactfromUplinkCarrierAggregation 52
5.5 Performance 56
5.6 BandCombinationsforCarrierAggregation 61
5.7 Conclusions 62
References 62
6 DownlinkMIMO 63
TimoLunttila,PeterSkovandAnttiToskala
6.1 Introduction 63
6.2 DownlinkMIMOEnhancementsOverview 63
6.3 ProtocolImpactfromDownlinkMIMOEnhancements 64
6.4 PhysicalLayerImpactfromDownlinkMIMO 65
6.5 Performance 70
6.6 Conclusions 73
References 74
7 UplinkMIMO 75
TimoLunttila,KariHooli,YuYuYanandAnttiToskala
7.1 Introduction 75
7.2 UplinkMIMOEnhancementsOverview 75
7.3 ProtocolImpactsfromUplinkMIMO 76
7.4 PhysicalLayerImpactsfromUplinkMIMO 77
7.4.1 UplinkReferenceSignalStructure 77
7.4.2 MIMOTransmissionforUplinkData 79
7.4.3 MIMOTransmissionforUplinkControlSignalling 82
7.4.4 Multi-UserMIMOTransmissionintheUplink 82
Contents ix
7.5 Performance 83
7.6 Conclusions 84
References 85
8 HeterogeneousNetworks 86
HarriHolma,PatrickMarschandKlausPedersen
8.1 Introduction 86
8.2 BaseStationClasses 87
8.3 TrafficSteeringandMobilityManagement 89
8.3.1 TrafficSteeringandMobilityManagementinIdleState 90
8.3.2 TrafficSteeringandMobilityManagementintheConnectedState 91
8.3.3 TrafficSteeringandMobilityManagementwithFemtoCells 91
8.3.4 WiFiOffloading 92
8.4 InterferenceManagement 94
8.4.1 StaticInterferenceAvoidancethroughFrequency
ReusePatterns 96
8.4.2 DynamicInterferenceCoordinationintheFrequencyDomain 97
8.4.3 DynamicInterferenceCoordinationintheTimeDomain 98
8.4.4 DynamicInterferenceCoordinationinthePowerDomain 101
8.5 PerformanceResults 101
8.5.1 MacroandOutdoorPicoScenarios 102
8.5.2 MacroandFemtoScenarios 105
8.6 LocalIPAccess(LIPA) 107
8.7 Summary 108
References 108
9 Relays 110
HarriHolma,BernhardRaafandSimoneRedana
9.1 Introduction 110
9.2 GeneralOverview 111
9.3 PhysicalLayer 112
9.3.1 InbandandOutbandRelays 112
9.3.2 Sub-frames 113
9.3.3 Retransmissions 115
9.3.4 RelaysComparedtoRepeaters 116
9.3.5 RelaysinTD-LTE 118
9.4 ArchitectureandProtocols 118
9.4.1 Sub-frameConfigurationwithRelayNodes 118
9.4.2 BearerUsagewithRelayNodes 119
9.4.3 PacketHeaderStructureintheRelayInterface 120
9.4.4 AttachProcedure 121
9.4.5 Handovers 121
9.4.6 AutonomousNeighbourRelations 122
9.5 RadioResourceManagement 124
9.6 CoverageandCapacity 125
9.6.1 CoverageGain 126
9.6.2 UserThroughputGains 128
x Contents
9.6.3 CostAnalysis 129
9.7 RelayEnhancements 130
9.8 Summary 132
References 132
10 Self-OrganizingNetworks(SON) 135
CinziaSartoriandHarriHolma
10.1 Introduction 135
10.2 SONRoadmapin3GPPReleases 135
10.3 Self-Optimization 137
10.3.1 MobilityRobustnessOptimization 137
10.3.2 MobilityLoadBalancing 142
10.3.3 MinimizationofDriveTests 142
10.3.4 MDTManagementandReporting 144
10.3.5 EnergySavings 145
10.3.6 eNodeBOverlay 146
10.3.7 Capacity-LimitedNetwork 147
10.3.8 CapacityandCoverageOptimization 148
10.4 Self-Healing 150
10.4.1 CellOutageCompensation 150
10.5 SONFeaturesin3GPPRelease11 151
10.6 Summary 151
References 152
11 PerformanceEvaluation 153
HarriHolmaandKlausPedersen
11.1 Introduction 153
11.2 LTE-AdvancedTargets 154
11.2.1 ITUEvaluationEnvironments 155
11.3 LTE-AdvancedPerformanceEvaluation 156
11.3.1 PeakDataRates 156
11.3.2 UECategories 157
11.3.3 ITUEfficiencyEvaluation 158
11.3.4 3GPPEfficiencyEvaluation 160
11.4 NetworkCapacityandCoverage 163
11.5 Summary 165
References 165
12 Release11andOutlookTowardsRelease12 166
TimoLunttila,RapeepatRatasuk,JunTan,AmitavaGhoshandAnttiToskala
12.1 Introduction 166
12.2 Release11LTE-AdvancedContent 166
12.3 AdvancedLTEUEReceiver 168
12.3.1 OverviewofMMSE-MRCandMMSE-IRCMethods 169
12.3.2 PerformanceofUEReceiverusingIRCanditsComparison
toMRCReceiverforVariousDLTransmitModes 170
Contents xi
12.4 MachineTypeCommunications 172
12.5 CarrierAggregationEnhancements 177
12.6 EnhancedDownlinkControlChannel 179
12.7 Release12LTE-AdvancedOutlook 181
12.8 Conclusions 183
References 183
13 CoordinatedMultipointTransmissionandReception 184
HarriHolma,KariHooli,PasiKinnunen,TroelsKolding,
PatrickMarschandXiaoyiWang
13.1 Introduction 184
13.2 CoMPConcept 184
13.3 RadioNetworkArchitectureOptions 187
13.4 DownlinkCoMPTransmission 190
13.4.1 EnablersforDownlinkCoMPin3GPP 191
13.4.2 SignalProcessingandRRMforCoMP 192
13.4.3 OtherImplementationAspects 194
13.5 UplinkCoMPReception 194
13.6 DownlinkCoMPGains 198
13.7 UplinkCoMPGains 201
13.8 CoMPFieldTrials 204
13.9 Summary 205
References 205
14 HSPAEvolution 206
HarriHolmaandKarriRanta-aho
14.1 Introduction 206
14.2 MulticarrierEvolution 206
14.3 MultiantennaEvolution 208
14.4 MultiflowTransmission 211
14.5 SmallPacketEfficiency 213
14.6 VoiceEvolution 215
14.6.1 AdaptiveMultirateWideband(AMR-WB)VoiceCodec 215
14.6.2 VoiceOverIP(VoIP) 215
14.6.3 CSVoiceOverHSPA(CSoHSPA) 215
14.6.4 SingleRadioVoiceCallContinuity(SR-VCC) 215
14.7 AdvancedReceivers 215
14.7.1 AdvancedUEReceivers 215
14.7.2 AdvancedNodeBReceivers 216
14.8 FlatArchitecture 217
14.9 LTEInterworking 218
14.10 Summary 218
References 219
Index 221
List of Contributors
AllcontributorsfromNokiaSiemensNetworksunlessotherwiseindicated.
MieszkoChmiel
AmitavaGhosh
KariHooli
PasiKinnunen
TroelsKolding
JariLindholm
TimoLunttila
PatrickMarsch
KlausPedersen
BernhardRaaf
KarriRanta-aho
RapeepatRatasuk
SimoneRedana
ClaudioRosa
CinziaSartori
PeterSkov
JunTan
(cid:2)
HuaWang
XiaoyiWang
YuYuYan
*ThiscontributorisfromAalborgUniversity,Denmark.