Table Of ContentPT 43 June 04
B
-4-
Time—35minutes
25Questions
Directions: Thequestionsinthissectionarebasedonthereasoningcontainedinbriefstatementsorpassages.Forsome
questions,morethanoneofthechoicescouldconceivablyanswerthequestion.However,youaretochoosethebestanswer;that
is,theresponsethatmostaccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestion.Youshouldnotmakeassumptionsthatareby
commonsensestandardsimplausible,superfluous,orincompatiblewiththepassage.Afteryouhavechosenthebestanswer,
blackenthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.
1. Pettengill:Bebopjazzmusiciansshowedtheirdistaste 3. Cognitivepsychologist:Inarecentsurvey,citizensof
forjazzclassicsbytakinggreatlibertieswith CountryFwereaskedtostatewhichoneofthe
them,asthoughthesongscouldbemade followingtwoscenariostheywouldprefer:(1)Country
interestingonlythroughradicalreshaping. Fistheworldeconomicleader,withagrossnational
Romney:Onlycompelling,versatilesongscanstand product(GNP)of$100billion,andCountryGis
suchradicalreshaping.Bebopmusicians second,withaGNPof$90billion;or(2)CountryGis
recognizedthis,andtheirrevolutionaryapproach theeconomicleader,withaGNPof$120billion,and
tothejazzclassicsenabledthemtodiscover CountryFissecond,withaGNPof$110billion.
previouslyunknowndepthsinthemusic. Despitethefactthat,underscenario2,CountryF
wouldhaveahigherGNPthanunderscenario1,the
PettengillandRomneydisagreeoverwhether majorityofrespondentsstatedthattheypreferred
(A) bebopjazzwasradicallydifferentfromthejazz scenario1.
musicthatprecededit Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmosthelpto
(B) bebopjazzwasanimprovementonthejazz explainthesurveyresultsdescribedbythecognitive
classicsthatprecededit psychologist?
(C) bebopmusiciansshowedappreciationforjazz
classicsinradicallyreshapingthem (A) MostcitizensofCountryFbelievetheircountry
(D) jazzmusicrequiresmusicianstoadhereclosely hasahighereconomicgrowthratethan
totheoriginalversioninordertobewidely CountryG.
popular (B) MostcitizensofCountryFwanttheircountryto
(E) bebopmusicianswereinfluencedbythemore haveaGNPhigherthan$120billion.
conservativestylesoftheirpredecessors (C) MostcitizensofCountryFbelievethattheir
personalwelfareisunconnectedtoGNP.
2. Essayist:Earthisalivingorganism,composedofother (D) MostcitizensofCountryFbelieveGNPisa
organismsmuchasanimalsarecomposedof poormeasureofanation’seconomichealth.
cells,notmerelyathinguponwhichcreatures (E) MostcitizensofCountryFwanttheircountry
live.Thishypothesisissupportedbythefactthat, tobemoreeconomicallypowerfulthan
likeallorganisms,Earthcanbesaidtohavea CountryG.
metabolismandtoregulateitstemperature,
humidity,andothercharacteristics,divorcedfrom
theinfluencesofitssurroundings.Ofcourse,
Earthdoesnotliterallybreathe,butneitherdo
insects(theyhavenolungs),thoughtheyrespire GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
successfully.
Theassertionthatinsectsdonotliterallybreatheplays
whichoneofthefollowingrolesintheessayist’s
argument?
(A) areasonfornotrejectingEarth’sstatusasan
organismonthebasisofitsnotbreathing
(B) areasonforrejectingasfalsethebeliefthat
Earthisalivingorganism
(C) anillustrationofthegeneralclaimthattobean
organism,acreaturemusthaveametabolism
(D) anexampleofatypeoforganismwhosestatus,
likeEarth’s,isunclear
(E) anillustrationofatypeoforganismoutof
whichEarthiscomposed
B
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4. AstudyclaimsthattheaveragetemperatureonEarth 6. Therapistswhotreatviolentcriminalscannotboth
haspermanentlyincreased,becausetheaverage respecttheirclients’righttoconfidentialityandbe
temperatureeachyearforthelastfiveyearshasbeen sincerelyconcernedforthewelfareofvictimsoffuture
higherthananypreviousyearlyaverageonrecord. violentcrimes.Reportingaclient’sunreportedcrimes
However,periodsofuptotenyearsofaverage violatestheclient’strust,butremainingsilentleaves
temperaturesthathaveconsistentlybeenrecordhighs thedangerousclientoutofprison,freetocommitmore
areoftenmerelypartoftherandomfluctuationsin crimes.
temperaturethatarealwaysoccurring.
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,mostweakensthe
Whichoneofthefollowingismoststronglysupported argument?
bytheinformationabove?
(A) Mosttherapistswhotreatviolentcriminalsare
(A) Alllargeincreasesinaveragetemperatureon assignedthistaskbyajudicialbody.
recordhaveoccurredinten-yearperiods. (B) Criminalsarenomorelikelytoreceivetherapy
(B) Fivesuccessiveyearsofincreasingannual inprisonthantheyareoutofprison.
averagetemperaturedoesnotalwayssignifya (C) Victimsoffutureviolentcrimesalsohavea
permanentincreaseintemperature. righttoconfidentialityshouldtheyneed
(C) Recordhightemperaturescanbeexpectedon therapy.
Earthforanotherfiveyears. (D) Therightofvictimsofviolentcrimesto
(D) RandomfluctuationsinEarth’saverage compensationisasimportantastherightof
temperaturetypicallylastlessthantenyears. criminalsintherapytoconfidentiality.
(E) TheaveragetemperatureonEarthnever (E) Atherapistwhohasgainedaviolentcriminal’s
increasesexceptincasesofrandom trustcanpersuadethatcriminalnottocommit
temperaturefluctuation. repeatoffenses.
5. ShippingCoordinator:Ifwesendyourshipmentbyair
express,itwillarrivetomorrowmorning.Ifwe
sendyourshipmentviagroundcarrier,itwill
arriveeithertomorroworthenextday.Ground GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
carrierislessexpensivethanairexpress,so
whichdoyouprefer?
Customer:IfIdon’tchooseairexpress,thenIwillnot
receivemyshipmenttomorrow,soIclearlyhave
nochoicebuttospendtheextramoneyandhave
itsentviaairexpress.
Thecustomer’sresponsecanbestbeexplainedonthe
assumptionthatshehasmisinterpretedtheshipping
coordinatortomeanwhichoneofthefollowing?
(A) Groundcarrierisasreliableashippingmethod
asairexpress.
(B) Iftheshipmentissentbyairexpress,itwill
arrivetomorrow.
(C) Groundcarrierisnotmoreexpensivethanair
express.
(D) Unlesstheshipmentissentbyairexpress,it
willnotarrivetomorrow.
(E) Thegreatertheshippingcost,thefasterthe
shipmentwillarrive.
B
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7. Failuretorotatecropsdepletesthesoil’snutrients 9. Activist:Aselectronicmonitoringofemployeesgrows
graduallyunlessotherpreventivemeasuresaretaken.If morecommonplaceandinvasive,wehearmore
thesoil’snutrientsarecompletelydepleted,additional andmoreattemptedjustificationsofthispractice
cropscannotbegrownunlessfertilizerisappliedtothe byemployers.Surveillance,theyexplain,keeps
soil.Allotherthingsbeingequal,ifvegetablesare employeeshonest,efficient,andpoliteto
growninsoilthathashadfertilizerappliedratherthan customers.Suchexplanationsareobviouslyself-
beinggrowninnon-fertilizedsoil,theyaremore serving,andsoshouldnotbetakentojustify
vulnerabletopestsand,asaconsequence,mustbe theseunwarrantedinvasionsofprivacy.
treatedwithlargeramountsofpesticides.Themore
Aquestionabletechniqueusedintheactivist’s
pesticidesusedonvegetables,thegreaterthehealth
argumentisto
riskstohumansfromeatingthosevegetables.
(A) attackanargumentdifferentfromthatactually
Supposethereweresomevegetablesthatweregrown
offeredbytheemployers
insoiltowhichfertilizerhadneverbeenapplied.On
(B) presumethatemployeesareneverdishonest,
thebasisofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowing
inefficient,orrude
wouldhavetobetrueregardingthosevegetables?
(C) insistthatmodernbusinesspracticesmeetmoral
(A) Thesoilinwhichthevegetablesweregrown standardsfarhigherthanthoseacceptedinthe
mayhavebeencompletelydepletedof past
nutrientsbecauseofanearlierfailuretorotate (D) attackemployers’motivesinsteadofaddressing
crops. theirarguments
(B) Itisnotpossiblethatthevegetablesweregrown (E) makeageneralizationbasedonasamplethat
insoilinwhichcropshadbeenrotated. thereisreasontobelieveisbiased
(C) Thevegetablesweregrowninsoilthathadnot
beencompletelydepletedofnutrientsbutnot 10. Whenstudentsreceivenegativecriticismgeneratedby
necessarilysoilinwhichcropshadbeen computerprograms,theyarelesslikelytorespond
rotated. positivelythanwhenthecriticisahuman.Sincethe
(D) Whateverthehealthriskstohumansfromeating acceptanceofcriticismrequiresthatonerespond
thevegetables,theseriskswouldnotbe positivelytoit,studentsaremorelikelytolearnfrom
attributabletotheuseofpesticidesonthem. criticismbyhumansthanfromcriticismbycomputers.
(E) Thehealthriskstohumansfromeatingthe
Whichoneofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhich
vegetableswerenolessthanthehealthrisksto
theargumentdepends?
humansfromeatingthesamekindsof
vegetablestreatedwithpesticides. (A) Studentsaremorelikelytolearnfromcriticism
thattheyacceptthanfromcriticismtheydonot
8. Criminologist:Increasingthecurrentprisontermfor accept.
robberywillresultinnosignificanteffectin (B) Unlikehumancritics,computersareincapable
discouragingpeoplefromcommittingrobbery. ofshowingcompassion.
(C) Studentsalwaysknowwhethertheircriticsare
Eachofthefollowing,iftrue,supportsthe
computersorhumans.
criminologist’sclaimEXCEPT:
(D) Criticismgeneratedbycomputersislikelytobe
(A) Manypeoplewhorobaremotivatedprimarily lessfavorablethanthatproducedbyhuman
bythrill-seekingandrisk-taking. criticsinresponsetothesamework.
(B) Anincreaseintheprisontermfor (E) Criticismgeneratedbycomputersislikelytobe
embezzlementdidnotchangetherateatwhich nomoreorlessfavorablethanthatproduced
thatcrimewascommitted. byhumancriticsinresponsetothesamework.
(C) Prisontermsforrobberyhavegenerally
decreasedinlengthrecently.
(D) Mostpeoplecommittingrobberybelievethat
theywillnotgetcaught.
(E) Mostpeoplecommittingrobberyhavenoidea GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
whattheaveragesentenceforrobberyis.
B
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11. Afterexaminingtheoptions,thebudgetcommittee 13. Davis:Theonlyrelevantfactorindetermining
discoveredthatQI’soffice-phonesystemwouldbe appropriatecompensationforpropertydamageor
inexpensiveenoughtobewithinthecostlimitthathad theftisthevaluethepropertylosesdueto
beensetforthecommittee.However,Corelink’s damageorthevalueofthepropertystolen;the
systemmustalsobeinexpensiveenoughtobewithin harmtothevictimisdirectlyproportionaltothe
thelimit,sinceitisevenlessexpensivethanQI’s pertinentvalue.
system. Higuchi:Idisagree.Morethanonefactormustbe
Thereasoningintheargumentaboveismostclosely considered:Avictimwhorecoverstheuseof
paralleledbythatinwhichoneofthefollowing? personalpropertyaftertwoyearsisowedmore
thanavictimwhorecoversitsuseafteronlyone
(A) Marissaisjusttallenoughthatshecantouch
year.
theceilingwhenshejumpsashighasshecan,
andsinceJeffistallerthanMarissa,hetoo Davis’sandHiguchi’sstatementsmoststronglysupport
mustbeabletotouchtheceilingwhenhe theviewthattheywoulddisagreewitheachother
jumps. aboutwhichoneofthefollowing?
(B) Byreducingthenumberofcigarettesshe (A) Itispossibletoconsistentlyandreliably
smokedperday,Katewasabletorunfive determinetheamountofcompensationowedto
miles,andsinceLanasmokesfewercigarettes someonewhosepropertywasdamagedor
perdaythanKatenowdoes,shetoomustbe stolen.
abletorunfivemiles. (B) Somevictimsareowedincreasedcompensation
(C) John’sblood-alcohollevelwasfarabovethe becauseofthegreaterdollarvalueofthe
legallimitfordriving,soevenifitturnsout damagedonetotheirproperty.
thatPaul’sblood-alcohollevelwaslowerthan (C) Victimswhoaredeprivedoftheirpropertyare
John’s,ittoomusthavebeenabovethelegal owedcompensationinproportiontotheharm
limit. theyhavesuffered.
(D) Thischocolateisnotquitedarkenoughforitto (D) Somevictimsareowedincreasedcompensation
bethekindthatLuisreallylikes,butthat becauseofthegreateramountoftimetheyare
chocolateoverthereisdarker,soitmightbe deprivedoftheuseoftheirproperty.
justright. (E) Thecompensationowedtovictimsshouldbe
(E) HealthDairy’ssharpcheddarcheeseislow determinedonacase-by-casebasisratherthan
enoughinfattomeetthelabelingstandardfor bysomegeneralrule.
“lowfat”cheddarcheese,andsinceitsmild
cheddarcheeseisevenlowerinfat,ittoomust 14. Resident:Residentsofthislocaleshouldnotconsider
meetthelabelingstandard. theirlossoffarmingasawayoflifetobea
tragedy.Whenthisareawasaruralareaitwas
12. Essayist:PeopleoncebelievedthatEarthwasatthe economicallydepressed,butitisnowagrowing
centeroftheuniverse,andthat,therefore,Earth bastionofhigh-techindustrywithhigh-wage
anditsinhabitantswereimportant.Wenowknow jobs,andsupportsover20timesthenumberof
thatEarthrevolvesaroundastarattheoutskirts jobsitdidthen.
ofaspiralarmofoneofcountlessgalaxies.
Therefore,people’soldbeliefthatEarthandits Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,doesthemostto
inhabitantswereimportantwasfalse. justifytheconclusionoftheresident’sargument?
Aflawintheessayist’sargumentisthattheargument (A) Farmingisbecomingincreasinglyefficient,with
theresultthatfewerfarmsarerequiredto
(A) presumes,withoutprovidingjustification,that producethesameamountoffood.
onlytruestatementscanhavegoodreasonsto (B) Thedevelopmentofhigh-techindustryismore
bebelieved valuabletonationalsecuritythanisfarming.
(B) neglectstoconsiderthatastatementthatwas (C) Residentsofthislocaledonotvaluearuralway
believedforquestionablereasonsmay oflifemorethantheyvalueeconomic
neverthelesshavebeentrue prosperity.
(C) failstoconsiderthattherecanbenoreasonfor (D) Manyresidentsofthislocalehaveannual
disbelievingatruestatement incomesthataretwicewhattheywerewhen
(D) overlooksthefactthatpeople’sperceptionof thelocalewasprimarilyagricultural.
theirimportancechangedfromcenturyto (E) Thelossofafamilyfarmisoftenperceivedas
century tragicevenwhennofinancialhardshipresults.
(E) neglectsthefactthatpeople’sperceptionof
theirimportancevariesfromculturetoculture
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
B
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15. Kendrick:Governmentsthattrytopreventcigarettes 16. Environmentalist:Manypeopleprefertoliveinregions
frombeingadvertisedarejustifiedindoingso, ofnaturalbeauty.Suchregionsoftenexperience
sincesuchadvertisementsencouragepeopleto aninfluxofnewresidents,andagrowing
engageinanunhealthypractice.Butcigarette populationencouragesbusinessestorelocateto
advertisementsshouldremainlegalsince thoseregions.Thus,governmentallymandated
advertisementsforfattyfoodsarelegal,even environmentalprotectioninregionsofnatural
thoughthoseadvertisementsalsoencourage beautycanhelpthoseregions’economiesoverall,
peopletoengageinunhealthypractices. evenifsuchprotectionharmssomeolderlocal
Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpsto industries.
resolvetheapparentconflictbetweenKendrick’s Whichoneofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhich
statements? theenvironmentalist’sargumentdepends?
(A) Anyadvertisementthatencouragespeopleto (A) Regionsofnaturalbeautytypicallyarebeautiful
engageinanunhealthypracticeshouldbe enoughtoattractnewresidentsonlyuntil
madeillegal,eventhoughthelegalityofsome governmentallymandatedenvironmental
suchadvertisementsiscurrently protectionthatdamageslocalindustriesis
uncontroversial. imposed.
(B) Theadvertisementoffatteningfoods,unlikethat (B) Theeconomiesofmostregionsofnatural
ofcigarettes,shouldnotbeprevented,because beautyarenotbasedprimarilyonlocal
fatteningfoods,unlikecigarettes,arenot industriesthatwouldbeharmedby
addictive. governmentallymandatedenvironmental
(C) Mostadvertisementsshouldbelegal,although protection.
advertisersarealwaysmorallyresponsiblefor (C) Ifgovernmentallymandatedenvironmental
ensuringthattheiradvertisementsdonot protectionhelpsaregion’seconomy,itdoesso
encouragepeopletoengageinunhealthy primarilybyencouragingpeopletomoveinto
practices. thatregion.
(D) Governmentsshouldtrytopreventthe (D) Voluntaryenvironmentalprotectionusuallydoes
advertisementofcigarettesbymeansof nothelparegion’seconomytothedegreethat
financialdisincentivesratherthanbylegal governmentallymandatedprotectiondoes.
prohibition. (E) Afactorharmfultosomeolderlocalindustries
(E) Governmentsshouldplacerestrictionson inaregionneednotdiscourageother
cigaretteadvertisementssoastokeepthem businessesfromrelocatingtothatregion.
fromencouragingpeopletoengagein
unhealthypractices,butshouldnottryto
preventsuchadvertisements.
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
B
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17. Nosmallcountriesandnocountriesinthesouthern 19. Marc:Thefactthatthepeopleofourcountrylook
hemispherehavepermanentseatsontheUnited backonthepastwithagreatdealofnostalgia
NationsSecurityCouncil.Eachofthefivecountries demonstratesthattheyregrettherecent
withapermanentseatontheSecurityCouncilisin revolution.
favorofincreasedinternationalpeacekeepingefforts Robert:Theyarenotnostalgicfortherecentpast,but
andagreaterrolefortheUnitedNationsinmoderating forthedistantpast,whichtheprerevolutionary
regionaldisputes.However,somecountriesthatarein regimedespised;thisindicatesthatalthoughthey
favorofincreasedinternationalpeacekeepingefforts aretroubled,theydonotregrettherevolution.
arefirmlyagainstincreasedspendingonrefugeesby
theUnitedNations. Theirdialogueprovidesthemostsupportfortheclaim
thatMarcandRobertagreethatthepeopleoftheir
Ifthestatementsabovearetrue,whichoneofthe country
followingmustalsobetrue?
(A) tendtounderratepastproblemswhenthe
(A) SomesmallcountriesdonotwanttheUnited countryfacestroublingtimes
Nationstoincreaseitsspendingonrefugees. (B) arelookingtothepastforsolutionstothe
(B) Somecountriesinthesouthernhemisphereare country’scurrentproblems
notinfavorofincreasedinternational (C) arelikelytorepeatformermistakesiftheylook
peacekeepingefforts. tothecountry’spastforsolutionstocurrent
(C) Somecountriesthathavepermanentseatsonthe problems
UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilareagainst (D) areconcernedaboutthecountry’scurrent
increasedspendingonrefugeesbytheUnited situationandthisisevidencedbytheir
Nations. nostalgia
(D) Somesmallcountriesareinfavorofagreater (E) tendtobemostnostalgicforthethingsthatare
rolefortheUnitedNationsinmoderating thefarthestintheirpast
regionaldisputes.
(E) Somecountriesthatareinfavorofagreater 20. Socialcritic:Oneofthemostimportantwaysinwhich
rolefortheUnitedNationsinmoderating asocietysocializeschildrenisbymakingthem
regionaldisputesarenotlocatedinthe feelashamedoftheirimmoralbehavior.Butin
southernhemisphere. manypeoplethisshameresultsindeepfeelings
ofguiltandself-loathingthatcanbeasevere
18. Editorial:Itisclearthatwhatiscalled“health hardship.Thus,moralsocializationhashadanet
education”isusuallypropagandaratherthan effectofincreasingthetotalamountofsuffering.
education.Propagandaandeducationarenever
thesamething.Theformerisnothingbutan Thesocialcritic’sargumentismostvulnerableto
attempttoinfluencebehaviorthroughthe criticismonthegroundsthatit
repetitionofsimplisticslogans,whereasthelatter (A) overlooksthepossibilitythatthepurported
neverinvolvessuchamethod.Thougheducation sourceofaproblemcouldbemodifiedtoavoid
doesattempttoinfluencebehavior,itdoessoby thatproblemwithoutbeingeliminated
offeringinformationinallitscomplexity,leaving altogether
ituptotheindividualtodecidehowtoacton (B) failstoaddressadequatelythepossibilitythat
thatinformation.Sadly,however,propagandais onephenomenonmaycausallycontributeto
muchmoresuccessfulthaneducation. theoccurrenceofanother,eventhoughthetwo
Theconclusiondrawnbytheeditorialfollowslogically phenomenadonotalwaysoccurtogether
ifitisassumedthatwhatiscalled“healtheducation” (C) presumes,withoutprovidingjustification,thata
usually phenomenonthatsupposedlyincreasesthetotal
amountofsufferinginasocietyshould
(A) doesnotleaveituptotheindividualtodecide thereforebechangedoreliminated,regardless
howtoactoninformation ofitsbeneficialconsequences
(B) doesnotofferinformationinallitscomplexity (D) takesforgrantedthatabehaviorthatsometimes
(C) doesnotinvolvetherepetitionofsimplistic leadstoacertainphenomenoncannotalso
slogans significantlyreducetheoveralloccurrenceof
(D) attemptstoinfluencebehaviorsolelyby thatphenomenon
repeatingsimplisticslogans (E) presumes,withoutprovidingjustification,thatif
(E) isverysuccessfulininfluencingpeople’s manypeoplehaveanegativepsychological
behavior reactiontoaphenomenon,thennoonecan
haveapositivereactiontothatphenomenon
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
B
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21. Curator:Amagazinerecentlyranaverymisleading 22. Allparrotscanlearntospeakafewwordsandphrases.
storyonthereactionoflocalresidentstoour Notallparrotshaveequallypleasantdispositions,
controversialartexhibit.Theyquotedthe thoughsomeofthosenativetoAustraliacanbe
responsesofthreeresidents,allofwhom countedonforasweettemper.Almostanyparrot,
expressedasenseofmoraloutrage.These however,willshowtremendousaffectionforanowner
quotationswereintendedtosuggestthatmost whoraisedthebirdfromachickbyhand-feedingit.
localresidentsopposetheexhibit;thestoryfailed
Ifthestatementsabovearetrue,thenwhichoneofthe
tomention,however,thefactthatthethree
followingmustbetrue?
residentsareallclosefriends.
(A) Someparrotsthatcanlearntospeakaresweet
Whichoneofthefollowingprinciplesmosthelpsto
tempered.
justifythecurator’sargumentation?
(B) IfaparrotisnotnativetoAustralia,thenitwill
(A) Itismisleadingtopresenttheopinionsof besweettemperedonlyifitishand-fedasa
peoplewithnospecialexpertiseonasubjectas chick.
thoughtheywereexperts. (C) Thesweetest-temperedparrotsarethosenative
(B) Itismisleadingtopresenttheopinionsof toAustralia.
peopleononlyonesideofanissuewhenthe (D) Australiaistheonlyplacewhereonecanfind
populationislikelytobeevenlydividedon birdsthatcanbothlearntospeakandberelied
thatissue. onforasweettemper.
(C) Itismisleadingtopresenttheopinionsofafew (E) Allspeciesofpetbirdsthatarenativeto
peopleasevidenceofwhatthemajoritythinks Australiacanbecountedonforasweet
unlesstheopinionstheyexpressarewidely temper.
held.
(D) Itismisleadingtopresenttestimonyfromclose 23. Toxicologist:Recentresearchhasshownthatdioxin
friendsandtherebyimplythattheymustagree causescancerinrats.Althoughsimilarresearch
witheachother. hasneverbeendoneonhumans,andprobably
(E) Itismisleadingtopresenttheopinionsofa neverwillbe,theuseofdioxinshouldbe
potentiallynonrepresentativesampleofpeople completelybanned.
asiftheyrepresentpublicopinion.
Thatdioxincausescancerinratsfiguresinthe
argumentinwhichoneofthefollowingways?
(A) Itispresentedasthehazardthattheresearcher
isconcernedwithpreventing.
(B) Itispresentedasabenefitofnotactingonthe
recommendationintheconclusion.
(C) Itispresentedasevidencefortheclaimthat
similarresearchwillneverbedoneonhumans.
(D) Itispresentedasafindingthatmotivatesthe
courseofactionadvocatedintheconclusion.
(E) Itispresentedasevidencefortheclaimthat
similarresearchhasneverbeendoneon
humans.
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
B
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24. Politician:Thelawshouldnotrequirepeopletowear 25. Buryingbeetlesdowhatevertheycantominimizethe
seatbeltsincars.Peopleareallowedtoride sizeoftheircompetitors’broodswithoutadversely
motorcycleswithoutseatbelts,andridinga affectingtheirown.Thisiswhytheyroutinelydestroy
motorcycleevenwhilewearingaseatbeltwould eachother’seggswhentwoormorebeetlesinhabitthe
bemoredangerousthanridinginacarwithout samebreedinglocation.Yet,aftertheeggshatch,the
wearingone. adultstreatallofthelarvaeequally,sharinginthecare
Whichoneofthefollowingargumentsismostsimilar oftheentirepopulation.
initsflawedreasoningtothepolitician’sargument? Whichoneofthefollowing,iftrue,mosthelpsto
(A) MarielleandPatshouldallowtheirchildrento explainburyingbeetles’apparentlycontradictory
havesnacksbetweenmeals.Theycurrently behavior?
allowtheirchildrentohavealargedessert (A) Buryingbeetleswhoseeggshatchbeforetheir
afterdinner,andallowingthemtohavesnacks competitors’aremorelikelytohavelarge
betweenmealsinsteadwouldimprovetheir broodsthanareburyingbeetleswhoseeggs
nutrition. hatchlater.
(B) Anycorporationshouldallowitsemployeesto (B) Thecooperationamongadultburyingbeetles
taketimeoffwhentheyareundertoomuch ensuresthatthegreatestpossiblenumberof
stresstoconcentrateontheirwork.Some larvaesurvive.
corporationsallowanyemployeewithabad (C) Buryingbeetlesareunabletodiscriminate
coldtotaketimeoff,andevenahealthy betweentheirownlarvaeandthelarvaeof
employeeunderstressmaybelessproductive otherburyingbeetles.
thananunstressedemployeewithabadcold. (D) Manyofthenaturalenemiesofburyingbeetles
(C) Amusementparksshouldallowpeopletostand canberepelledonlyifburyingbeetles
whileridingrollercoasters.Itislegalfor cooperateindefendingthebreedingsite.
peopletostandattheedgesofhighcliffs,and (E) Mostbreedingsitesforburyingbeetlescan
evensittingattheedgeofahighcliffismore accommodateonlyalimitednumberoflarvae.
likelytoresultinafatalfallthanstanding
whileridingarollercoaster.
(D) Itshouldbeillegalforanyonetosmokeina
publicplace,foritcertainlyshouldbeillegalto
pollutepublicdrinkingwater,andsmoking
evenintheprivacyofone’shomecanbemore
harmfultothehealthofothersthanpolluting
theirwaterwouldbe.
(E) Vanessashouldbeallowedtoletherdogrun
aroundintheparkwithoutaleash.Shealready
letsthedogroamaroundheryardwithouta
leash,andtheparkdiffersfromheryardonly
insize.
S T O P
IFYOUFINISHBEFORETIMEISCALLED,YOUMAYCHECKYOURWORKONTHISSECTIONONLY.
DONOTWORKONANYOTHERSECTIONINTHETEST.
C
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Time—35minutes
26Questions
Directions: Thequestionsinthissectionarebasedonthereasoningcontainedinbriefstatementsorpassages.Forsome
questions,morethanoneofthechoicescouldconceivablyanswerthequestion.However,youaretochoosethebestanswer;that
is,theresponsethatmostaccuratelyandcompletelyanswersthequestion.Youshouldnotmakeassumptionsthatareby
commonsensestandardsimplausible,superfluous,orincompatiblewiththepassage.Afteryouhavechosenthebestanswer,
blackenthecorrespondingspaceonyouranswersheet.
1. Thedevelopmentofnewinventionsispromotedbythe 2. TheFenwicksreturnedhomefromatriptofindtwo
grantingofpatentrights,whichrestricttherightof brokenbottlesontheirkitchenfloor.Therewasnosign
anyonebutthepatentholderstoprofitfromthese offorcedentryandnothinginthehouseappearedto
inventionsforaspecifiedperiod.Withoutpatentrights, havebeentaken.AlthoughtheFenwickshaveapetcat
anyonecouldsimplycopyanother’sinvention; thathadfreerunofthehousewhiletheywereaway,
consequently,inventorswouldhavenofinancial theFenwickshypothesizedthattheyhadleftaback
incentiveforinvestingthetimeandenergyrequiredto doorunlockedandthatneighborhoodchildrenhad
developnewproducts.Thus,itisimportanttocontinue enteredthroughit,attemptedtoraidthekitchen,and
tograntpatentrights,orelsenoonewillengagein leftafterbreakingthebottles.
originaldevelopmentandconsequentlynonew
Eachofthefollowing,iftrue,helpstosupportthe
inventionswillbeforthcoming.
Fenwicks’hypothesisEXCEPT:
Whichoneofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhich
(A) AneighborthoughthehadseentheFenwicks’
theargumentdepends?
backdoorclosingwhiletheFenwickswere
(A) Financialrewardistheonlyincentivethatwill away.
beeffectiveinmotivatingpeopletodevelop (B) WhentheFenwicksreturnedhome,theyfound
newinventions. children’sfootprintsonthebackporchthathad
(B) Whenaninventorsellspatentrightstoa notbeentherebeforetheirtrip.
manufacturer,themanufacturermakeslesstotal (C) ThetwobottlesthattheFenwicksfoundbroken
profitontheinventionthantheinventordoes. ontheirkitchenfloorhadbeeninthe
(C) Anycostsincurredbyatypicalinventorin refrigeratorwhentheFenwickslefton
applyingforpatentrightsareinsignificantin vacation.
comparisontothefinancialbenefitofholding (D) Therehavebeenseveralrecentburglariesinthe
thepatentrights. Fenwicks’neighborhoodinwhich
(D) Patentrightsshouldbegrantedonlyifan neighborhoodchildrenweresuspected.
inventor’sproductisnotsimilartoanother (E) TheFenwicksreturnedhomefromtheirtrip
inventionalreadycoveredbypatentrights. laterthantheyhadplanned.
(E) Thelengthofapatentrightisusually
proportionaltothecostsinvolvedininventing
theproduct.
GOONTOTHENEXTPAGE.
