Table Of ContentLow-Dimensional Systems:Theory, Preparation,
and Some Applications
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seriesII:Mathematics,PhysicsandChemistry- Vol.91
Low-Dimensional Systems:
Theory, Preparation, and
Some Applications
edited by
Luis M. Liz-Marzan
Universidade de Vigo,
Vigo, Spain
and
Michael Giersig
Hahn-Meitner Institut Berlin,
Germanyand
Poznan Technology University,
Poznan, Poland
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of 1he NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Dynamic Interactions in Quantum Dot Systams
Puszczykowo, Poland
16-19 May 2002
A C.I. P. Catalogue record for this book is avaUable lrom the Ubrary of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4020-1169-6 ISBN 978-94-010-0146-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0143-4
Printed on acid-free papar
AII Rights Reserved
© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
So ftcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any lorm or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pholocopying, microfilming,
recording or otherwise, wilhout written permission Irom the Publisher, with the exception
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and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser 01 the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface Xl
GroupPicture Xlll
ListofContributors . xv
THEORY
TheoryofAtomicClusters. MetallicClustersDeposited on Surfaces ..
L. C. CuneandM Apostol
1. Introduction. 1
2. Self-consistentpotential . 5
3. Metallicsurface 8
4. Clustersdepositedonsurface 12
5. Concludingremarks 15
6. Acknowledgments 16
7. References................................ I6
Sub-WettingLayerContinuum States in Quantum DotSamples 19
K. KnitandP. Zdenek
I. Introduction.................................................................................................... 19
2. Thetheoretical modelofthe SAQDsystem 20
3. Spectraldensity 24
4. The influenceofthe wettinglayerstates 27
5. Conclusions 32
6. Acknowledgements 33
7. References 33
Plasmons inCarbon Nanotubes 37
K. KempaandR. Chura
MolecularDynamicsSimulationsofNanotubeGrowth 45
E. Hernlmdez, P. Ordej6n, E. Canadell, J.Junquera andJM Soler
I. Introduction.... 45
2. Methodology 47
3. Results 48
4. Conclusions 55
5. Acknowledgements.................................. 55
6. References 55
vi
DensityofStatesofAmorphousCarbon 57
S. Yastrebov
1. Introduction 57
2. Experimental 58
3. Dielectricfunction ofamorphouscarbon 59
4. Thermalannealingimpact 62
5. Conclusions 63
6. Acknowledgements............. 64
7. References...................................................................................................... 64
PREPARATIONANDCHARACTERIZATION
AnisotropicSilverNanoparticles: SynthesisandOpticalProperties 65
I. Pastoriza-Santos, Y. Hamanaka, K. Fukuta, A. Nakamura, and1. M. Liz-Marzan
1. Introduction 65
2. SynthesisofanisotropicAginDMF . 66
3. Formationofrodsandpolygons 67
4. Opticalproperties 69
5. Conclusions 73
6. Acknowledgements 74
7. References................................................................ 74
MechanicalPropertiesofSmallMetalSpheresandRods 77
P. Mulvaney, 1. Sader, G. V. Hartland, andM. Giersig
I. Introduction 77
2. Theoryofacousticbreathingmodes 77
3. Resultsanddiscussion 79
4. Conclusions 85
5. Acknowledgements 86
6. References.... 86
PolymerControlledCrystallization:ShapeandSizeControlofAdvanced
Inorganic Nanostructured Materials-ID,2DNanocrystalsand
More ComplexSuperstructures 87
s.-H. Yu andH. Colfen
I. Introduction.................................................................................................... 88
2. Doublehydrophilicblockcopolymers(DHBCs) :Newconceptfor
controlledcrystallization 89
3. Morphosynthesisofyariousinorganiccrystalsandtheirhierachical
structures 90
4. Conclusionsandoutlook 101
5. Acknowledgement 102
6. References 102
VII
NanocrystallineErlIl/SiIV@ZnOMultilayers: ADetailed Opticaland
StructuralStudy.......... 107
e
M Kohls, G. Muller, L. Spanhel, Urlacher-Leluyer, J Mugnier, J Dumas,
Je Plenet, G. McMahon, D. Su, andM Giersig
I. Introduction............ 107
2. Experimentalsection 108
3. Results 110
4. Acknowledgement 119
5. References... II9
LaserPhotoetchingin NanoparticlesPreparation andStudyofTheir
PhysicalProperties 121
1. Dmitruk, Y Barnakov, andA. Kasuya
I. Introduction..................................................................... 121
2. Samples 122
3. Etching................. 122
4. Differential absorptionspectraobtained byshorttimephotoetching 125
5. Obtainingofsmall particleswithnarrowsizedistribution 126
6. Changeofphotoluminescence spectra 128
7. Computersimulation 129
8. Acknowledgments 131
9. References............ . 13I
Growthand CharacterizationsofWell-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes 133
Z. F. Ren, Z. P. Huang, Y Tu, D. Z. Wang, W Z. Li,
J G. Wen, M Sennett, M Giersig, andK. Kempa
I. Introduction 133
2. Experimental 133
3. Results....................................... 134
4. Conclusions 139
5. Acknowledgements 139
6. References 140
EncapsulationofCo Nanoclusters in a-C:H 141
V. I. Ivanov-Omskii
1. Introduction........................ 141
2. A-C:H(Co) Films 142
3. Vibrationspectroscopy 142
4. X-rayspectroscopy 147
5. Conclusion 149
6. References 150
viii
SynthesisofColloidalMagneticNanoparticles.Propertiesand Applications 151
M Hilgendorf!andM Giersig
I. Introduction 151
2. WetChemical SynthesisofMagneticNanoparticles 152
3. Summary 158
4. Acknowledgment 158
5. References 158
NanosphereLithography- FabricationofVariousPeriodicMagneticParticle
ArraysUsingVersatileNanosphereMasks 163
J Rybczynski, M Hilgendorf!, andM Giersig
I. Introduction............................................ 163
2. Experimentalsection 164
3. Resultsanddiscussion 166
4. Conclusions 171
5. Acknowledgment 171
6. References.... t72
MagnetismofMonodisperseCore/ShellParticles 173
M SpasovaandM Farle
1. Introduction....... 173
2. Magneticanisotropyinnanoparticles 174
3. Single-DomainParticles 176
4. Superparamagnetism 177
5. Experimental..................... 180
6. MagnetizationandExchangeBias 184
7. Self-AssembledMagneticNanoparticleArrays 187
8. Summary 191
9. References.................................................................................... 191
CircularMagneticElements: GroundStates,Reversaland Dipolar
Interactions 193
U. Ebels, M Natali, L. D. Buda, and1. L. Prejbeanu
I. Introduction.... 193
2. Magneticlengthscales 194
3. Observationofthevortexandthesingledomainstate 195
4. Energyconsiderationsandzerofield statediagram 197
5. MagnetizationReversaloftheVortexStateunderin-planefields 199
6. MagnetizationReversaloftheVortexStateunderoutofplanefields 202
7. DipolarInteractions 203
8. Summary 208
9. Acknowledgement 208
10. References 208
IX
SubmicronSizeParticlesofMagneticFilmsand Multilayers 213
M. Hanson and0. Kazakova
1. Introduction..... 213
2. Preparationandmagneticcharacterizationofparticlearraysmadefrom
epitaxialfilms 214
3. Magneticdomainstructuresandmagnetization reversal 217
4. Summary 225
5. References 225
RelaxationofHotElectronsin SolidsofReduced Dimensions .. 227
R. Porath, T. Ohms, M. Scharte, J Beesley, M. Wessendorf, 0. Andreyev,
C. Wiemann, andM. Aeschlimann
1. Abstract 227
2. Introduction 227
3. Theory 228
4. Theexperiments 231
5. Results anddiscussion 234
6. Acknowledgements 238
7. References 238
AnalyticalTEMCharacterisation ofCatalyticMaterials.... 241
D. S. Su
1. Introduction...... ... 241
2. Experimental 243
3. Microstructure....... 243
4. Oxidationstate 248
5. Discussion 250
6. Summary................. 251
7. Acknowledgements 252
8. References 252
ScanningProbeMicroscopyCharacterization ofClusterSystems 253
WPolewska, R. Czajka, J Gutek, T Hihara, andA. Kasuya
1. Introduction 254
2. Scanningtunneling microscope(STM) 254
3. Electrochemical STM 258
4. Atomicforce microscope(AFM) 262
5. Summary 264
6. Acknowledgements 265
7. References 265
x
APPLICATIONS
QuantumMechanicalDesignofElementsofMolecularQuantumComputers
BasedonBiliverdinand Aza-fullereneCompounds 267
A. Tamulis, 1. Tamuliene, V. Tamulis, andA. Graja
1. Introduction 267
2. Usedtheoreticalmethods 268
3. Resultsanddiscussions 268
4. Conclusions 279
5. Acknowledgements 279
6. References 279
Quantum Interferenceand CorrelationsinElectronicTransportThrough
Nanodevices 281
B.R. Bulka, PStefanski, andS. Lipinski
1. Introduction 281
2. Calculationsofelectroniccurrent 282
3. FANOresonance instronglycoupledquantumdots 283
4. KONDOresonanceandinterferenceinmetallicrings 286
5. Correlations incoherenttransportthroughmagneticnanostructures 288
6. Summary 290
7. Acknowledgement........................................................................................... 291
8. References 291
OnConstructionofMolecularMemory BasedonFullereneAdducts 293
PByszewskiandZ. Klusek
I. Introduction...... 293
2. PreparationandpropertiesofC ONCFn 294
6o
3. STMobservationsoffullerenederivatives 297
4. STSmeasurements 300
5. Imagingoftheopengapmolecules 301
6. Conclusions 302
7. Acknowledgements 303
8. References 303
ElectrochemicalApplicationofCarbon Nanotubes 305
E. Frackowiak, K. Jurewicz, S. De/peux, andFBeguin
I. Introduction 305
2. Experimental 306
3. Lithiumstorage 307
4. Supercapacitors 308
5. Conclusions 316
6. Acknowledgements 316
7. References...................................................................................................... 317
Authorindex 319
Subjectindex 321
