Los Adaes, the First Capital of Spanish Texas

418 Pages·2020·7.584 MB·English

by  Francis X. Galan

Los Adaes
THE FIRST CAPITAL OF SPANISH TEXAS
Summerfield G. Roberts Texas History Series

Los Adaes
THE FIRST CAPITAL OF SPANISH TEXAS
Francis X. Galán
Texas A&M University Press
College Station
Copyright © 2020 by Francis X. Galán
All rights reserved
First edition
This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1 992 (Permanence of Paper).
Binding materials have been chosen for durability.
Manufactured in the United States of America
♾ ♲
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Galán, Francis X., author.
Title: Los Adaes, the first capital of Spanish Texas / Francis X. Galán.
Other titles: Summerfield G. Roberts Texas history series.
Description: First edition. | College Station: Texas A&M University Press, [2020] |
Series: Summerfield G. Roberts Texas history series | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020005304 (print) | LCCN 2020005305 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781623498788 (hardback) | ISBN 9781623498795 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Texas— History— To 1846. | Los Adaes State Commemorative
Area (La.)— History. | Presidio de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Los Adaes
Site (La.)— History. | Texas—C apital and capitol. | New Spain—B oundaries. |
New Spain— Colonies— America.
Classification: LCC F389 .G235 2020 (print) | LCC F389 (ebook) | DDC 976.4/01— dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005304
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005305
To Emma, Nicolás, and Madison

Contents
List of Maps and Figures ix
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction Broken Border 1
Chapter 1 Forged in Blood 17
Chapter 2 Food for the Soul 41
Chapter 3 Bourbon Kinship 61
Chapter 4 Blood Debt 90
Chapter 5 Smugglers’ Paradise 120
Chapter 6 Apachitos and Africans:
Captivity and Slavery 163
Chapter 7 Trail of Sorrows 190
Epilogue Rebirth, Borders, and Freedom 221
Appendixes
Appendix A Mission Ranching/Farming in East Texas, 1727 241
Appendix B Military Roster at Los Adaes, May 1731 243
Appendix C Inventory of Arsenal at Presidio Los Adaes, 1734 247
Appendix D List of Contraband Goods among French,
Caddos, and Franciscan Missionaries, 1766 249
Appendix E Contraband Goods of French Trader Duzan Lodre
Seized by the Spanish near Bermudez Ranch in
the Jurisdiction of Los Adaes, August 1766 251
vii
Appendix F Spanish Gifts to Taovaya Indians for Ransom
of the Spanish Captive Antonio Treviño, 1765 253
Appendix G List of Adaeseños from Testimony and
Request to Move from San Antonio to
the Abandoned Mission Dolores de los Ais
in East Texas, October 4, 1773 255
Appendix H List of Adaeseños Who Remained in San Antonio
and Their Petition for Land to Subsist with Their
Families, January 4, 1778 259
Appendix I List of Adaeseños Who Received Suertes
of Land from Mission San Antonio de Valero,
February 25, 1793 263
Glossary 265
Notes 269
Bibliography 373
Index 389
viii CONTENTS