Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Earth Sciences 101
Editors:
S. Bhattacharji, Brooklyn
G. M. Friedman, Brooklyn and Troy
H. J. Neugebauer, Bonn
A. Seilacher, Tuebingen and Yale
3
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Tokyo
Andreas Lang Kirsten Hennrich
Richard Dikau (Eds.)
Long Term Hillslope
and Fluvial System
Modelling
Concepts and Case Studies
from the Rhine River Catchment
123
Editors
Prof. Dr. Andreas Lang Dr. Kirsten Hennrich
K. U. Leuven Geographisches Institut
Redingstraat 16 der Universität Bonn
3000 Leuven, Belgium Meckenheimer Allee 166
[email protected] 53115 Bonn, Germany
[email protected]
Prof. Dr. Richard Dikau
Geographisches Institut der Universität Bonn
Meckenheimer Allee 166
53115 Bonn, Germany
[email protected]
”For all Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences published till now please see final pages
of the book“
ISSN 0930-0317
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Table of Contents
Concepts and approaches to long term and large scale modelling of fluvial
systems........................................................... 9
Andreas Lang, Kirsten Hennrich, Richard Dikau
I Large scale fluvial system modelling
A LUCIFS Strategy: Modelling the Sediment Budgets of Fluvial Systems . 19
Aleksey Sidorchuk, Desmond Walling, Robert Wasson
Linking Short– and Long–Term Soil–Erosion Modelling ................. 37
JohnWainwright,AnthonyJ.Parsons,KaterinaMichaelides,D.Mark
Powell, Richard Brazier
Modelling sediment fluxes at large spatial and temporal scales ........... 53
Nicholas Preston, Jochen Schmidt
Modelling the Geomorphic Response to Land Use Changes .............. 73
AntonVanRompaey, Gerard Govers, Gert Verstraeten, Kristof Van
Oost, Jean Poesen
Modelling Water and Tillage Erosion using Spatially Distributed Models.. 101
Kristof Van Oost, Gerard Govers, Wouter Van Muysen, Jeroen
Nachtergaele
Long–term and large scale high resolution catchment modelling: Innova-
tionsandchallengesarisingfromtheNERCLandOceanInteractionStudy
(LOIS) ........................................................... 123
Tom J. Coulthard, Mark G. Macklin
II Case studies from the Rhine river catchment and Central Europe
Large to Medium-Scale Sediment Budget Models - the Alpenrhein as a
Case Study........................................................ 137
Matthias Hinderer
Impact of Climate and Land Use Change on River Discharge and the
Production,TransportandDepositionofFineSedimentintheRhinebasin
– a summary of recent results........................................ 157
Hans Middelkoop, Nathalie E.M. Asselman
6(cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:198) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) (cid:232) Table of Contents
Changing Human Impact during the Period of Agriculture in Central Eu-
rope: The Case Study Biesdorfer Kehlen, Brandenburg, Germany ........ 183
Gabriele Schmidtchen, Hans–Rudolf Bork
Land Use and Soil Erosion in northern Bavaria during the last 5000 Years. 201
Markus Dotterweich
Quantification of past soil erosion and land use / land cover changes in
Germany ......................................................... 231
Hans–Rudolf Bork, Andreas Lang
Subject Index ..................................................... 241
List of Authors
Asselman, N.E.M., WL — delft hydraulics, P.O. Box 177, 2600 MH Delft,
The Netherlands
Bork, H.–R., O¨kologie-Zentrum der Christian-Albrechts-Universita¨t zu Kiel,
Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Brazier, R., Environmental Monitoring and Modelling Research Group, De-
partment of Geography, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R
2LS, UK
Dikau, R., GeographischesInstitut,Universia¨tBonn,MeckenheimerAllee166,
53115 Bonn, Germany
Dotterweich, M., O¨kologie-Zentrum der Christian-Albrechts-Universita¨t zu
Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
Govers, G., FysischeenRegionaleGeografie,K.U.Leuven,Redingenstraat16,
B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Hennrich, K., UFZ–CentreforEnvironmentalResearchLeipzig-Halle,River-
ine and Lacustrine Landscapes, Bru¨ckstrasse 3 a, 39114 Magdeburg, Ger-
many
Hinderer, M., Institut fu¨r Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Uni-
versit¨at Darmstadt, Schittspahnstr. 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
Lang, A., Fysische en Regionale Geografie, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16,
B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Michaelides, K., School of Geographical Sciences, Bristol University, Univer-
sity Road, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK
Middelkoop, H., Utrecht University, Dept. of Physical Geography, P.O. Box
80.115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
Van Muysen, W., Fysische en Regionale Geografie, K.U. Leuven, Redingen-
straat 16, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Nachtergaele, J., Fysische en Regionale Geografie, K.U. Leuven, Redingen-
straat 16, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Van Oost, K., Fysische en Regionale Geografie, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat
16, B 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Parsons, A.J., Department of Geography, Leicester University, University
Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
Poesen, J., LaboratoryforExperimentalGeomorphology,K.U.Leuven,Redin-
genstraat 16, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Powell, D.M., Department of Geography, Leicester University, University
Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
Preston, N.J., Landcare Research, Private Bag 11-052, Palmerston North,
New Zealand
Van Rompaey, A., Laboratory for Experimental Geomorphology,
K.U.Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Schmidt, J., Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand
Schmidtchen, G., O¨kologie-Zentrum der Christian-Albrechts-Universita¨t zu
Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
8III List of Authors
Sidorchuck, A., Lab.ofSoilErosionandFluvialProcesses,GeographicalFac-
ulty, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
Verstraeten, G., Laboratory for Experimental Geomorphology, K.U.Leuven,
Redingenstraat 16, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Wainwright, J., Environmental Monitoring and Modelling Research Group,
Department of Geography, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R
2LS, UK
Walling, D.E., DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofExeter,AmoryBuild-
ing Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
Wasson, R., Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Institute of Ad-
vanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200,
Australia
Concepts and approaches to long term and large
scale modelling of fluvial systems
Andreas Lang1, Kirsten Hennrich2, and Richard Dikau3
1 Fysische en Regionale Geografie, K.U. Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, 3000 Leuven
Belgium
2 UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Riverine and Lacustrine
Landscapes, Brueckstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
3 Geographisches Institut, Universit¨at Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, 53115 Bonn,
Germany
1 Introduction
Modelling the evolution of human–impacted fluvial systems over longer periods
andlargerspatialscaleswasthetopicofaworkshopheldinDu¨sseldorf,Germany
from 4 – 6 May, 2001. The workshop aimed to bring modellers with experience
in the development and use of conceptual, theoretical and mathematical models
for larger scales together with researchers looking at long–term system develop-
ment from a more classical and empirical research perspective. The workshop
provided an opportunity to exchange ideas and laid the foundations for further
collaboration, and in fact for this publication.
The need for such a workshop became clear in the course of designing a
large research project focusing on the evolution of the whole Rhine river system
(Langetal.,2000;2003),withintheframeworkofIGBP–PAGESLUCIFS(Land
Use and Climate Impacts on Fluvial Systems during the Period of Agriculture).
Whereas results from many detailed case studies in the Rhine catchment are
already available, modelling approaches that allow integration of this wealth of
data have yet to be implemented.
The need to get researchers from both ends of the spectrum – modellers and
field–oriented scientists –together to fill the gap between the two approaches is,
however, not unique to the work carried out in the Rhine river system. It is an
issue common to much of palaeo-environmental research. Detailed information
is available from drill cores, outcrops, and small drainage basin studies. But in-
tegration of these results is difficult and often possible only in a rather vague
and qualitative way. In principle, it should be possible to apply mathematical
modellingtoquantitatively linkinformation fromdifferenttemporalandspatial
scales.Thiswouldfacilitatebetterunderstandingoflong-termsystembehaviour,
enableidentificationofkeylocationswhereadditionalinformationisneeded,and
provide a predictive tool for studying the effects of future global changes. In ad-
dition, contrasting model results with empirical field and historical data should
allow modelevaluation and refinementand thushelp toimprove the mathemat-
ical models. We hope that the approaches and cases studies documented here
canoffernewideasandcontributetowardsintegrationofresultsandthusbetter
A.Lang,K.Hennrich,andR.Dikau(Eds.):LNES101,pp.9–15,2003.
(cid:1)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2003
10 A. Lang et al.
understandingofenvironmentalsystemsalsoinotherregionsandothersystems.
We wish that the momentum generated at the workshop in Du¨sseldorf will be
apparent from the contributions, that it will continue as a driving force beyond
the Rhine river project and that it will also help to stimulate other research
initiatives elsewhere.
2 The research framework
The Rhine-LUCIFS project is embedded within the International Geosphere–
Biosphere Programme (IGBP) PAGES Activity 5 Project LUCIFS (Land Use
andClimaticImpactsonFluvialSystemsduringthePeriodofAgriculture,Was-
son et al., 1996; Wasson and Sidorchuk, 2000). It is thus part of global change
research which recognises the major interactions between the Earth’s physical,
biogeochemical and human societal systems. A major component of the interac-
tions between the physical and the biogeochemical system is transport of water
and sediment in fluvial systems, i.e. rivers and their catchments. The transport
ofwater,sediment,nutrients,andcarbononlandandfromlandtotheoceansis
clearly of global biogeochemical significance. Inclusion of these fluxes in models
of the Earth system is a goal of the IGBP (International Geosphere–Biosphere
Programme), with the overt rationale is to contribute to understanding of the
Earthsystem,andthustoachievebetterlandandwatermanagementintheface
oflanduseandclimatechange.LUCIFSwillcontributetothisgoalbysupplying
temporally and spatially resolved material budgets and flux estimates.
The above term ’Land Use Impact’ can be understood to include not only
agricultural activity, but also the direct impact of humans on river systems
throughengineeringandmanagementmeasures.Today,fluvialtransportsystems
areclearlyinfluencedbyman.Itisequallytruethatfluvialsystemsbothnowand
inthepasthavehadprofoundeffectsonhumanactivities.Futurechangesinthe
fluvial system will affect human activity and livelihood, e.g. through flooding
and associated damages, pollution of water by sediments and nutrients, and
silting up of river channels and floodplains. So knowledge about the long–term
sensitivity of the fluvial system to changes in the physical and biogeochemical
environment is crucial to society.
The application of LUCIFS results to natural resource management, in par-
ticular to catchment management, is of high priority. This emphasis reflects the
growing global problem of supplying adequate fresh water to both human pop-
ulations and to aquatic ecosystems. IGBP has also recognized water as a key
cross-cutting theme, along with carbon, and food and fibre.
Coming decades will certainly see continuing and indeed increasing land use
change, as well as climate change, both natural and human–induced. Important
questions posed by these changes are:
– How will rivers and their catchments respond to these changes?
– How will fluxes of biogeochemically active materials change?
– What will be the biogeochemical responses?
– What management is appropriate to control catchment response?
