Table Of ContentФедеральное агентство железнодорожного транспорта
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ»
Кафедра «Иностранные языки»
LOGISTICS
(Логистика)
Методические указания
для студентов факультета УПП
(английский язык)
Санкт-Петербург
ПГУПС
2013
UNIT I
Read the following text and translate it into Russian.
Logistics
Logistics is the management of the flow of goods, information and other
resources in between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order
to meet the requirements of customers. Logistics involves the integration of
information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and
packaging, and occasionally security. Logistics is a channel of the supply chain
which adds the value of time and place utility. Today the complexity of
production logistics can be modeled, analyzed, visualized and optimized by
plant simulation software.
The term logistics comes from the Greek logos (koyoq), meaning «speech,
reason, ratio, rationality, language, phrase», and more specifically from the
Greek word logistiki (Аоугстгкл), meaning accounting and financial
organization. The word logistics has its origin in the French verb loger, meaning
to lodge or to quarter. Its original use was to describe the science of movement,
supplying and maintenance of military forces in the field. Later on it was used to
describe the management of materials flow through an organization, from raw
materials through to finished goods.
Logistics is considered to have originated in the militarys need to supply
themselves with arms, ammunition and rations as they moved from their base to
a forward position. In ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine empires, military
officers with the title Logistikas were responsible for financial and supply
distribution matters.
The Oxford English Dictionary defines logistics as «the branch of military
science connected with procuring, maintaining and transporting material,
personnel and facilities». Another dictionary definition is «the time-related
positioning of resources». As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of
engineering that creates «people systems» rather than «machine systems». When
we talk in terms of HRM (Human Resource Management) logistics means
giving inputs i.e. recruiting manpowers which ultimately work for the final
consumer or to deliver services.
Exercise I. Say if the following statements are true or false, and if they are false,
say why.
1. The term logistics originates from Greek.
2. The original use of the term logistics was to describe accounting and
financial organization.
3. Logistics started as the management of the flow of goods and
information and then transformed into a branch of military science.
4. Logistics is seen as both a branch of military science and a branch of
engineering.
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Exercise II. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the main functions of logistics?
2. How is plant simulation software used in logistics?
3. What is the origin of the term «logistics»?
4. In what field of human activity did logistics first make its appearance?
Exercise III. Match the definitions (a-j) with the words below (1-10).
1) logistics a) a large building for storing things, especially things to be
sold
2) HRM b) material used for packing products
3) warehouse c) a list of all the goods in a place
4) packaging d) the planning and organization that is needed to carry out
any large or difficult operation; or the study or skill of
moving soldiers, supplying them with food, etc.
5) inventory e) a person or organization who regularly buys goods or
services from a shop, business
6) customer f) articles for sale; or heavy articles which can be carried by
road, train, etc.
7) consumer g) the management of an organization's workforce, or human
resources.
8) goods h) the making of machines, roads, bridges, electrical
equipment, etc.
9) services i) a person who buys and uses goods and services
10) engineering j) a useful business or job that does not produce goods
Exercise IV. Match the words in A with their English equivalents in B
A B
1) такой, как a) depending on
2) и т.д. b) such as
3) например c) e.g.
4) что касается d) as to
5) в зависимости от e) etc.
Exercise V. Choose the right Russian equivalents to the following English
words.
1) noiseless a) самый шумный b) бесшумный c) шумный;
2) inefficient a) эффективный b) неэффективный c) эффективность
3) lowest a) самый низкий b) внизу c) ниже
4) original a) первоначально b) начинать c) первоначальный
5) careful а) неосторожный b) осторожность c) осторожный
6) higher a) самый высокий b) выше c) высота
7) inventor а) изобретать b) изобретение c) изобретатель
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Exercise VI. Translate the following attributive groups into Russian.
Consumption point, customer requirements, material handling security,
supply chain channel, production logistics complexity, plant simulation
software, materials flow management, total supply chain performance.
Exercise VII. Translate the sentences paying attention to the word «both»:
both - оба; both ... and - как ... так и ...
1. Both modifications of freight containers were presented. 2. It was
decided to send both models to the exhibition. 3. Both ecological and biological
aspects should be considered. 4. The term logistics has its origin both in Latin
and French.
Exercise VIII. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.
consumption customer function warehousing reduce research
1. Procurement logistics consists of activities such as market
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requirements planning, make-or-buy decisions, supplier management, ordering,
and order controlling.
2. Production logistics connects procurement to distribution logistics.
The main of production logistics is to use the available production
capacities to produce the products needed in distribution logistics.
3. Distribution logistics has, as main tasks, the delivery of the finished
products to the . It consists of order processing, , and transportation.
Distribution logistics is necessary because the time, place, and quantity of
production differ with the time, place, and quantity of .
4. Disposal logistics' main function is to logistics cost(s), enhance
service(s), and save natural resources.
Exercise IX. Read the following text without a dictionary.
Pallet
A pallet is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable position
while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack or front loader. Goods or shipping
containers are often placed on a pallet and shipped.
While most pallets are wooden, pallets also are made of plastic, metal, and
paper. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Containerization has stimulated the use of pallets because the shipping
containers have the clean, level surfaces needed for easy pallet movement. Most
pallets can easily carry a load of 1,000 kg. Today, over half a billion pallets are
made each year and about two billion pallets are in use across the USA alone.
Pallets make it easier to move heavy stacks. Movement is easy on a wide,
strong, flat concrete floor. A forklift truck can cost the same as a luxury
automobile, but a good hand-drawn pallet jack costs only a few hundred dollars.
Organizations using standard pallets for loading and unloading can have much
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lower costs for handling and storage and faster material movement. The
exceptions are the companies that move small items such as jewelry
(ювелирные изделия) or large items such as cars. But even they can be
improved. For instance, the distributors of costume jewelry (бижутерия)
normally use pallets in their warehouses and car manufacturers use pallets to
move components and spare parts.
Exercise X. Say if the following statements are true or false, and if they are
false, say why.
1. A pallet is a flat structure that lifts goods.
2. Containerization has stopped the use of pallets.
3. A forklift truck costs more than a luxury automobile.
4. Today over half a million pallets are made each year.
5. Companies using standard pallets save on material handling and
storage.
Exercise XI. Make a summary of the text using the following phrases.
1. This text deals with. 2. The author pays attention t o. 3. I would like
to mention that... 4. It is interesting to note. 5. This text is interesting because...
UNIT II
Read the following texts and translate them into Russian.
Business Logistics
Logistics as a business concept appeared in the 1950s due to the
increasing complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out
products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to a call for experts
called supply chain logisticians. Business logistics can be defined as «having the
right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right
price in the right condition to the right customer», and is the science of process
and incorporates all industry sectors. The goal of logistics work is to manage the
fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies.
In business, logistics may have either internal focus (inbound logistics), or
external focus (outbound logistics) covering the flow and storage of materials
from the point of origin to the point of consumption. The main functions of a
qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation,
warehousing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities.
Logisticians combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions to
coordinate resources in an organization. There are two fundamentally different
forms of logistics: one optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of
transport links and storage nodes; the other coordinates a sequence of resources
to carry out some project.
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Production Logistics
The term production logistics is used to describe logistic processes within
an industry. The purpose of production logistics is to ensure that each machine
and workstation is being fed with the right product in the right quantity and
quality at the right time. The concern is not the transportation itself, but
streamlining and controlling the flow through value-adding processes and
eliminating non-value-adding ones. Production logistics can be applied to
existing as well as new plants. Manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly
changing process. Machines are exchanged and new ones added, which gives
the opportunity to improve the production logistics system accordingly.
Production logistics provides the means to achieve customer response and
capital efficiency.
Production logistics is becoming more important with decreasing batch
sizes. In many industries (e.g. mobile phones), a batch size of one is the short-
term aim, allowing even a single customer's demand to be fulfilled efficiently.
Track and tracing, which is an essential part of production logistics — due to
product safety and product reliability issues — is also gaining importance,
especially in the automotive and medical industries.
Exercise I. Say if the following statements are true or false, and if they are false,
say why.
1) Logistics as a business concept came into being in the early XX
century.
2) Business logistics covers the flow and storage of goods and materials
from the point of origin to the point of consumption.
3) There are three fundamentally different forms of business logistics.
4) A qualified logistician needs to know inventory management,
purchasing, transportation and warehousing.
5) One of the main functions of production logistics is to eliminate non-
value adding processes within an industry.
6) Production logistics is becoming less efficient nowadays since it
hasn't proved to be effective.
7) Product safety and liability issues contribute to the development of
production logistics.
Exercise II. Answer the following questions.
1. When did logistics appear as a business concept?
2. Why did business logistics evolve?
3. What are the functions of business logistics?
4. What are the functions of a logistician?
5. What are the two forms of business logistics?
6. What is the purpose of production logistics?
7. Why is production logistics becoming more important?
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Exercise III. Match the definitions (a-j) with the words below (1-10).
1) logistician a) working well, quickly and without waste
2) manufacturing b) the act of storing; or a place for storing goods
3) efficiency c) the degree to which something is excellent;
standard of goodness; or a high standard of
excellence
4) purchase (v) d) the desire of people for particular goods and
services; the ability and willingness of people to
pay for them
5) storage e) a person who studies or is skilled in logistics
6) quantity f) an amount of goods for sale; or providing of
something needed
7) quality g) producing by machinery or other industrial
processes in large quantities
8) demand (n) h) a quantity of material produced in or prepared for
one operation
9) supply (n) i) amount
10) batch (n) j) to buy
Exercise IV. Match the words in A with their English equivalents in B.
A B
1) поток a) manpower
2) обеспечивать безопасность b) to provide safety
3) вилочный погрузчик c) to decrease batch size
4) заказчик d) to transport (carry) freight
5) услуга e) HR (human resources)
6) рабочая сила f) forklift loader
7) снабжать g) service
8) цель h) to supply
9) персонал i) flow
10) перевозить груз j) customer
11) уменьшать размер партии товара k) goal
Exercise V. Translate the following attributive groups into Russian.
Project life cycle, supply chain globalization, transport links network
development, freight transportation activity, workstation upgrading programme,
freight flow size, production logistics goal, batch size number.
Exercise VI. Form adjectives from the verbs with the help of the suffix «-able»
and translate them.
Model: to replace - replaceable; заменять - взаимозаменяемый, сменный
To suit, to remove, to change, to use, to adjust, to control.
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Exercise VII. State the part of speech of the following words and translate
them.
1) product, producing, production, producer, produce, produced; 2) differ,
different, difference, differential; 3) operate, operation, operator, operated,
operating; 4) load, loader, loading, loaded.
Exercise VIII. Pay attention to the translation of the word «number».
Model: number - номер, число; a number of - ряд, несколько; the number of -
количество
1. Logistics may be classified into a number of classes. 2. Every freight
car has its own number. 3. The number of well-equipped warehouses grows
from year to year.
Exercise IX. Choose the correct word from those underlined.
1. The term «logistics» goes/comes from the Greek «logos». 2. This freight
box/container has been loaded already. 3. Safety/efficiency is very important
when we deal with radioactive waste. 4. It is difficult/different to carry small
batches of cargo. 5. The discovery/invention of pallets is credited to the USA
army. 6. Business logistics deals with the flow of materials from the place/point
of origin to the point/place of consumption. 7. Goods are raised/lifted by
loaders.
Exercise V. Find the predicates and translate the following sentences.
1. The group of logisticians working in this company have to develop
new supply chains models. 2. The results obtained by experts can lead to the
reduction of the project cost. 3. The container yard constructed helped to
improve freight transportation. 4. These old warehouses must be removed to
improve the work of the marshalling yard. 5. The report to be presented at the
conference is to be prepared in time. 6. The quantity of containers sold may
decrease with the crises.
Exercise IX. Read the following text without a dictionary. Entitle the text.
A reporting mark is a two-to-four-letter alphabetic code used to identify
owners of rolling stock and other equipment used on the North American
railroad network. The marks are placed on each piece of equipment, along with
a one-to-six-digit number, which together uniquely identify every such rail car.
This allows the cars to be tracked by the railroad they are moving over, and the
railroad shares the information with other railroads and customers.
The Association of American Railroads assigns marks to all carriers. Under
current practice, the first letter must match the initial letter of the railroad name.
When the owner of a reporting mark is taken over by another company, the
old mark remains the property of the new company. For example, when the Union
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Pacific Railroad (mark UP) acquired the Chicago and North Western
Railway (mark CNW) in the 1990s, it retained the CNW mark rather than
immediately repaint all acquired equipment. Some companies own several marks
that are used to identify different classes of cars, such as boxcars or gondolas.
Exercise X. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the purpose of the mark?
2. How many letters and figures are in the mark?
3. Who controls the marks?
4. What does the first mark letter stand for?
5. What happens if the rolling stock changes its owner?
6. What new facts did you learn from the text?
UNIT III
Read the following text and translate it into Russian.
Supply Chain
A supply chain is a system of organizations, people, technology,
activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service
from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform natural resources,
raw materials and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end
customer. In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the
supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. Supply chains link
value chains.
The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP)
defines Supply Chain Management as follows: «Supply Chain Management
encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing
and procurement, conversion, and all logistics management activities.
Importantly, it also includes coordination and collaboration with channel
partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers,
and customers. In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and
demand management within and across companies. Supply Chain Management
is an integrating function with primary responsibility for linking major business
functions and business processes within and across companies into a cohesive
and high-performing business model. It includes all of the logistics management
activities noted above, as well as manufacturing operations, and it drives
coordination of processes and activities with and across marketing, sales,
product design, finance and information technology.»
A typical supply chain begins with ecological and biological regulation of
natural resources, followed by the human extraction of raw material, and
includes several production links (e.g., component construction, assembly, and
merging) before moving on to several layers of storage facilities of ever-
decreasing size and ever more remote geographical locations, and finally
reaching the consumer.
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Many of the exchanges encountered in the supply chain will therefore be
between different companies that will seek to maximize their revenue within
their sphere of interest, but may have little or no knowledge or interest in the
remaining players in the supply chain.
Exercise I. Say whether the following statements are true of false, and if they
are false, say why.
1. Creating a cohesive and high-performing business model is the task of
supply chain management.
2. All supply chain players are closely connected with each other.
3. Supply chain activities deal with human resources only and don't deal
with natural resources.
4. A supply chain integrates people, technologies, information and
resources to move a product from supplier to customer.
Exercise II. Answer the following questions.
1. What does a typical supply chain include?
2. How does a supply chain function?
3. What does CSCMP stand for?
4. What activities does supply chain management perform?
5. How are the supply chain players related?
Exercise III. Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-4) with the endings (a-d)
to make the definitions of the terms.
1) CSCMP a) describes the future value of a good in terms of
is known as percentage of depreciation of its initial value.
2) Residual value b) a system of organizations, people, technology,
activities, information and resources involved in
moving a product or service from a supplier to a
customer.
3) Value chain is c) the leading worldwide association of professionals in
supply chain management.
4) A supply chain d) a chain of activities for a firm operating in a specific
is defined as industry which gives the products added value.
Exercise IV. Match the words in A with their English equivalents in B.
A B
1) конвертация данных a) procurement
2) сырьё b) customer
3) товар c) residual value
4) сборка d) raw materials
5) заказчик e) value chain
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