Table Of ContentLogistic Core Operations with SAP
.
Jens Kappauf Bernd Lauterbach
l
Matthias Koch
Logistic Core Operations
with SAP
Inventory Management, Warehousing,
Transportation, and Compliance
JensKappauf BerndLauterbach
SAPAG,Walldorf SAPAG,Walldorf
Germany Germany
[email protected] [email protected]
MatthiasKoch
SAPAG,Walldorf
Germany
[email protected]
ISBN978-3-642-18201-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-18202-0
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-18202-0
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012931238
# Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
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Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................ 1
1.1 PurposeofThisProject ................................................. 1
1.2 WhomDoTheseBooksAddress? ...................................... 2
1.2.1 SAP-Beginners .................................................... 2
1.2.2 AmbitiousUsers .................................................. 2
1.2.3 ManagersandIT-Decision-Makers ............................... 2
1.3 OperationalSignificanceofLogistics .................................. 3
1.3.1 SupplementaryLogisticsServices ................................ 3
1.3.2 Customer-OrientedLogistics ..................................... 3
1.3.3 Definitionof“Logistics”forThisBook ......................... 4
1.3.4 DifferentiationfromMaterialsManagement ..................... 4
1.3.5 FunctionalClassificationofLogistics ............................ 5
1.3.6 ClassicLogisticsCoreAreas ..................................... 5
1.3.7 ExpansionoftheTraditionalCoreAreas ........................ 5
1.3.8 Objective:AsComprehensiveaPortrayalAsPossible .......... 5
1.3.9 RelatedLiteratureintheAppendix ............................... 5
1.3.10 LogisticsFunctionalAreas ...................................... 6
1.3.11 ProcurementMarkets ............................................ 6
1.3.12 SalesMarkets .................................................... 7
1.4 StructureofThisBook ................................................. 7
1.4.1 TransportLogistics ............................................... 7
1.4.2 WarehouseLogisticsandInventoryManagement ............... 8
1.4.3 TradeFormalities ................................................. 8
1.4.4 ControllingandReporting ........................................ 8
1.4.5 OverviewofVolume1 ........................................... 9
1.4.6 Appendix .......................................................... 9
1.5 Thanks .................................................................. 9
v
vi Contents
2 TransportLogistics ....................................................... 11
2.1 TheFundamentalsofTransportLogistics ............................. 11
2.1.1 BusinessSignificance ........................................... 13
2.1.2 TransportationfromtheShipperView ......................... 13
2.1.3 TransportationfromtheViewoftheLogistics
ServiceProvider ................................................ 14
2.1.4 ShipperandServiceProviderHybrids ......................... 15
2.2 SAPSystemsandApplications ........................................ 16
2.2.1 SubprocessesandComponentsofSAPTransportation
Solutions ........................................................ 17
2.2.2 TransportationProcessingScenariosandTheirIntegration
inProcurementandDistributionLogistics ..................... 19
2.3 MasterDatainTransportLogistics .................................... 28
2.3.1 CustomersandVendorsinSAPERP .......................... 30
2.3.2 Plants,StorageLocations,ShippingPointsandLoading
PointsinSAPERP .............................................. 31
2.3.3 BusinessPartnersinSAPSCM ................................ 31
2.3.4 MaterialsinSAPERP .......................................... 33
2.3.5 ProductsinSAPSCM .......................................... 36
2.3.6 TransportationNetworkandTransportEquipment
inSAPERP ..................................................... 37
2.3.7 TransportationNetworkandResourcesinSAPSCM ......... 38
2.3.8 OrganizationalDatainSAPERPandinSAPSCM ........... 42
2.4 TransportationManagementwithSAPERP .......................... 44
2.4.1 TypesofTransportationProcessing ............................ 44
2.4.2 ShipmentDocuments ........................................... 45
2.4.3 TransportPackaging ............................................ 48
2.4.4 ImportantFunctionsintheShipmentDocument ............... 49
2.4.5 ListProcessingandPlanningFunctions ........................ 52
2.4.6 FreightCostCalculation ........................................ 53
2.5 TransportationPlanningwithSAPAPO .............................. 59
2.5.1 TransportationOptimizationwithSAPAPO(TP/VS) ......... 60
2.5.2 DocumentsandTransportationOptimization .................. 61
2.5.3 ScenarioswithAPOTransportationPlanning .................. 62
2.6 TransportationManagementwithSAPTM ........................... 65
2.6.1 DocumentandProcessOverview .............................. 66
2.6.2 Cross-DivisionalFunctions ..................................... 69
2.6.3 BusinessObjectsandFunctionsIllustrated
inaSampleProcess ............................................. 70
2.6.4 OrderManagement ............................................. 74
2.6.5 TransportationPlanningandOptimization ..................... 82
2.6.6 BookingFreightSpace ......................................... 89
2.6.7 Subcontracting .................................................. 91
Contents vii
2.6.8 TransportationChargeManagement ........................... 94
2.6.9 IntegrationwithSAPEventManagement ...................... 97
2.7 Summary ............................................................... 98
3 WarehouseLogisticsandInventoryManagement ..................... 99
3.1 TheFundamentalsofWarehouseLogistics ........................... 99
3.1.1 Management-RelatedSignificance ............................ 100
3.1.2 SystemsandApplications ..................................... 101
3.1.3 OrganizationalStructuresandMasterData ................... 103
3.2 InventoryManagement ............................................... 105
3.2.1 GoodsMovement .............................................. 109
3.2.2 InventoryValuation ............................................ 116
3.2.3 SpecialStockandSpecialProcurementForms ............... 119
3.2.4 HandlingUnits ................................................. 125
3.3 WarehouseManagementwithWM .................................. 128
3.3.1 WarehouseStructureandIntegration .......................... 131
3.3.2 InboundDelivery .............................................. 137
3.3.3 TransferOrderandQuantityDeviations ...................... 141
3.3.4 GoodsIssue .................................................... 143
3.3.5 Warehouse-InternalProcesses ................................. 151
3.4 WarehouseManagementwithSAPEWM ........................... 155
3.4.1 SystemIntegration ............................................. 156
3.4.2 WarehouseOrganizationandStockMovement ............... 157
3.4.3 GoodsReceipt ................................................. 173
3.4.4 Warehouse-InternalProcesses ................................. 185
3.4.5 GoodsIssue .................................................... 192
3.4.6 Cross-WarehouseFunctions ................................... 206
3.5 Summary .............................................................. 213
4 TradeFormalities:Governance,Risk,Compliance ................... 215
4.1 TheBasics ............................................................ 215
4.2 ProcessRisks ......................................................... 216
4.3 SAPApplicationsforLogisticsProcessingAccording
toTradeFormalities .................................................. 217
4.4 ForeignTradeProcessingwithSAPERP ............................ 219
4.4.1 MasterDataandIntegration ................................... 220
4.4.2 LegalControl .................................................. 222
4.4.3 PreferenceDetermination ...................................... 222
4.4.4 DocumentaryPayments ........................................ 224
4.4.5 Communication/Printing ....................................... 226
4.4.6 PeriodicDeclarations .......................................... 226
4.5 Governance,RiskandCompliancewithSAPBusinessObjects
GlobalTradeServices ................................................ 226
4.5.1 GeneralProcessandIntegrationinSAPERP ................. 227
viii Contents
4.5.2 ComplianceManagement:SanctionedPartyListCheck ..... 228
4.5.3 ComplianceManagement:Import/ExportControl ............ 231
4.5.4 CustomsManagement ......................................... 234
4.5.5 RiskManagement .............................................. 235
4.6 Summary .............................................................. 237
5 ControllingandReporting .............................................. 239
5.1 SAPEventManagement(SAPEM) .................................. 239
5.1.1 BasicCharacteristicsofSAPEM ............................. 240
5.1.2 ApplicationInterface .......................................... 243
5.1.3 EventHandlersandEventMessages .......................... 245
5.1.4 EventHandling ................................................ 247
5.1.5 InformationInputandOutput ................................. 249
5.1.6 DataEntryforEventMessages ................................ 250
5.1.7 WebInterface .................................................. 251
5.1.8 StandardProcessesinEventManagement .................... 252
5.2 Auto-IDInfrastructureandObjectEventRepository ................ 258
5.2.1 BasicsofRFIDandEPCTechnology ......................... 259
5.2.2 Auto-IDInfrastructure ......................................... 262
5.2.3 ObjectEventRepository ....................................... 266
5.3 ReportingandDeterminingKeyPerformanceIndicators ............ 268
5.3.1 SAPNetWeaverBusinessWarehouse ........................ 269
5.3.2 TheInformationSysteminSAPERP ......................... 269
5.3.3 TheSCORDataModel ........................................ 271
5.3.4 ReportsandDashboards:Examples ........................... 272
5.3.5 DataExtractionfromSAPLogisticsApplications ............ 275
5.4 Summary .............................................................. 276
Glossary ....................................................................... 277
Bibliography .................................................................. 283
Index .......................................................................... 285
Chapter 1
Introduction
Themostimperativechallengefacinganumberofmanagersinrecentyearshasbeen
toregainlostmarketshareandsecurenewcompetitiveadvantages.Theimpetusfor
this trend continues to be the ubiquitous tendency toward globalization and the
ensuingintensificationofinternationalcompetition.Customerorientation,leanman-
agementandre-engineeringarethebuzzwordsthatcharacterizetheseefforts.
Infact,severalcompaniesneedtoreorganizetheirvalue-addedprocesses,whereby
specialattentionshouldbepaidtotheinterfacesbetweenthesalesandprocurement
markets, which are increasing in importance. Within this context, there is hardly a
corporatefunctionthathasgrowninsignificanceinrecentyearsasmuchaslogistics.
Treateduntiljustafewyearsagoasanoperationalaidandanobjectofisolated
rationalizationefforts,logistics–especiallyintheageofsupplychainmanagement–
now is considered an essential element of strategic corporate leadership. More and
more,logisticsisbeingfunctionallymappedinstandardbusinesssoftware.Accord-
ingly,thereisgreatdemandforlogisticalexpertiseinconnectionwiththeknow-how
surroundingtheimplementationoflogisticsincomplexinformationsystems.
Definitionofsupplychainmanagement
Supply chain management (SCM) is the observation and administration of
logistical processes along the entire value creation chain, which includes
suppliers,customersandendconsumers.
1.1 Purpose of This Project
We have divided our presentation of logistics operations with SAP into two
volumes.Thepurposeofthemistoprovideyouwithanintroductiontotheworld
of logistics with SAP software and assist you in understanding the terminology,
concepts and technological components as well as their integration. Because the
described processes are complex and include a number of functional details, we
J.Kappaufetal.,LogisticCoreOperationswithSAP, 1
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-18202-0_1,#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012
