Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6565
EditedbyR.Goebel,J.Siekmann,andW.Wahlster
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Marcello Balduccini Tran Cao Son (Eds.)
Logic Programming,
Knowledge Representation,
and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
Essays Dedicated to Michael Gelfond
on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday
1 3
SeriesEditors
RandyGoebel,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Canada
JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany
WolfgangWahlster,DFKIandUniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany
VolumeEditors
MarcelloBalduccini
EastmanKodakCompany
Rochester,NY14650,USA
E-mail:marcello.balduccini@gmail.com
TranCaoSon
NewMexicoStateUniversity
DepartmentofComputerScience
LasCruces,NM88003,USA
E-mail:tson@cs.nmsu.edu
TheillustrationappearingonthecoverofthisbookistheworkofDanielRozenberg
(DADARA).
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-20831-7 e-ISBN978-3-642-20832-4
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-20832-4
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011926416
CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2.3,I.2,F.4.1,D.1.6
LNCSSublibrary:SL7–ArtificialIntelligence
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Sketch of Michael Gelfond by Veena Mellarkod
Preface
Michael Gelfond has been an extraordinary mentor, teacher, and colleague for
manypeople inthe knowledgerepresentationandreasoning(KR&R),logicpro-
gramming (LP), and answer set programming (ASP) communities.
Michael’s current and former students often like to tell stories about their
experience with Michael as a supervisor. These stories invariably begin with
meetings in which Michael would review the student’s work. The review would
usually not go past the first few paragraphs of the work: Michael would simply
find too many mistakes, inaccuracies, parts that need clarification! But these
storiesalsoinvariablyendwiththestudentsexplaininghowMichael’smentoring
turned them into better researchers and better persons, how he taught them to
appreciate the importance of accuracy, of slow, deliberate and careful thinking,
of academic and personal integrity.
Michael is not only an amazing researcher, who has changed our areas of
research in many ways. He is also an amazing person. Even among people who
do not share his views, he is deeply respected for his integrity and straightfor-
wardness. He has a keen interest in people, which makes him very caring and
understanding – first of all toward his students. Thanks to Michael’s ability
of “slow thinking,” which he says he learned from his advisor Nikolai Aleksan-
drovichShanin–butwhichMichaelhasundoubtedlyrefinedonhisown–hecan
think with astonishinglucidity about any topic, be it scientific or non-scientific.
It is because of all these reasons, and so many more that we could never
discussinthis briefpreface,thatwehavedecidedto honorMichaelonthe occa-
sionofhis65th birthdaywithacollectionofpaperswrittenbyhisclosestfriends
andcolleagues.SeveralofthesepaperswerepresentedduringtheSymposiumon
Constructive Mathematics in Computer Science, held in Lexington, KY, during
October 25–26,2010.
We wouldlike to take this opportunity to thank allthe authors,who worked
so hard to turn this collection into a reality, and to the colleagues who acted as
peer-reviewers,whosenamesarelistedattheendofthepreface.WethankVeena
Mellarkod for drawing the beautiful sketch of Michael that opens this volume.
Special thanks also go to Victor Marek and Mirek Truszczynski for taking care
of the local organization,and to Lara and Greg Gelfond for convincing Michael
tospendafewextradaysinLexingtonaftertheendofNonMon@30,thusgiving
us the opportunity to surprise him with the symposium.
Dear Michael, this volume is a testimony to how you have touched the lives
of many people around the whole world. We wish to be able to celebrate many
such anniversaries in the years to come!
October 2010 Marcello Balduccini
Tran Cao Son
Organization
Reviewers
The contributions that appear in this volume have been peer-reviewed by:
Marcello Balduccini Eastman Kodak Company, USA
Chitta Baral Arizona State University, USA
Gerhard Brewka University of Leipzig, Germany
Pedro Cabalar Corunna University, Spain
Marina De Vos University of Bath, UK
Agostino Dovier Universit`a degli Studi di Udine, Italy
Esra Erdem Sabanci University, Turkey
Michael Fink Technische Universita¨t Wien, Austria
Alfredo Gabaldon New University of Lisbon, Portugal
Martin Gebser Universita¨t Potsdam, Germany
Roland Kaminski Universita¨t Potsdam, Germany
Vladimir Lifschitz University of Texas at Austin, USA
Fangzhen Lin HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,
China
Jorge Lobo IBM J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne,
NY USA
Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Alexandre Miguel Pinto Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Enrico Pontelli New Mexico State University
Francesco Ricca Universit`a della Calabria, Italy
Nelson Rushton Texas Tech University, USA
Chiaki Sakama Wakayama University, Japan
Tran Cao Son New Mexico State University
Francesca Toni Imperial College London, UK
Michael Gelfond and Colleagues
Picture taken at “Symposium on Constructive Mathematics in Computer
Science” held in honor of Michael Gelfond’s 65th birthday (Oct 25-26 2010)
Michael Gelfond and Colleagues
Picture taken at “Theories of Logic Programming,Non-Monotonic Reasoning,
and their Application to Reasoning about Actions: a Symposium in Honor of
Michael Gelfond’s 50th Birthday” (Nov 5 1995)
Table of Contents
Opening: Homage to Michael Gelfond on His 65th Birthday ........... 1
Jack Minker
Foundations: ASP and Theories of LP, KR, and NMR
Answer Set Programming’s Contributions to Classical Logic:
An Analysis of ASP Methodology.................................. 12
Marc Denecker, Joost Vennekens, Hanne Vlaeminck,
Johan Wittocx, and Maurice Bruynooghe
Closure and Consistency Rationalities in Logic-Based Argumentation... 33
Phan Minh Dung and Phan Minh Thang
Manifold Answer-Set Programs and Their Applications ............... 44
Wolfgang Faber and Stefan Woltran
On the Minimality of Stable Models................................ 64
Paolo Ferraris and Vladimir Lifschitz
Challenges in Answer Set Solving .................................. 74
Martin Gebser, Roland Kaminski, Benjamin Kaufmann, and
Torsten Schaub
Exploring Relations between Answer Set Programs................... 91
Katsumi Inoue and Chiaki Sakama
Compact Translations of Non-disjunctive Answer Set Programs to
PropositionalClauses............................................. 111
Tomi Janhunen and Ilkka Niemela¨
Effectively Reasoning about Infinite Sets in Answer Set
Programming.................................................... 131
Victor Marek and Jeffrey B. Remmel
Inspecting Side-Effects of Abduction in Logic Programs............... 148
Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira and Alexandre Miguel Pinto
Argumentation and Answer Set Programming ....................... 164
Francesca Toni and Marek Sergot
XII Table of Contents
Interlude: Cantor’s Paradise Regained: Constructive Mathematics from
Brouwer to Kolmogorovto Gelfond................................. 181
Vladik Kreinovich
Interlude: Recollections on Michael Gelfond’s 65th Birthday........... 191
Alessandro Provetti
ASP and Dynamic Domains
Evolving Logic Programs with Temporal Operators .................. 193
Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes, Alfredo Gabaldon, and Joa˜o Leite
On Representing Actions in Multi-agent Domains .................... 213
Chitta Baral and Gregory Gelfond
Nonmonotonic Multi-Context Systems: A Flexible Approach for
Integrating Heterogeneous Knowledge Sources ....................... 233
Gerhard Brewka, Thomas Eiter, and Michael Fink
Perspectives on Logic-Based Approaches for Reasoning about Actions
and Change ..................................................... 259
Agostino Dovier, Andrea Formisano, and Enrico Pontelli
Refinement of History-Based Policies ............................... 280
Jorge Lobo, Jiefei Ma, Alessandra Russo, Emil Lupu,
Seraphin Calo, and Morris Sloman
Translating General Game Descriptions into an Action Language ...... 300
Michael Thielscher
Revisiting Epistemic Specifications ................................. 315
Mirosl(cid:3)aw Truszczyn´ski
Interlude: Answer Set; Programming? .............................. 334
Pedro Cabalar
Interlude: Michael Gelfond: Essay in Honour of His 65th Birthday...... 344
Stefania Costantini
ASP – Applications and Tools
PLINI: A Probabilistic Logic Program Framework for Inconsistent
News Information................................................ 347
Massimiliano Albanese, Matthias Broecheler, John Grant,
Maria Vanina Martinez, and V.S. Subrahmanian
