Table Of ContentLogic Programming and
Non-monotonic Reasoning
Copy'rriigghhtteedd MMaatteerriiaall
Logic Programming and
Non-monotonic Reasoning
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop
edited by Luís Moniz Pereira and Anil Nerode
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
Copyrighted Material
©1993 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic
or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and
retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.
This book was printed and bound in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Logic programming and non-monotonie reasoning: proceedings of the second interna-
tional workshop! edited by Luís Moniz Pereira and Anil Nerode.
p. cm.
Papers presented during the workshop held in Lisbon in June 1993.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN O-262-66083-O
1. Logic programmingCongresses. 2. ReasoningCongresses. I. Pereira, Luís
Moniz. II. Nerode, Anil, 1932-
QA76.63.L6323 1993
006.3dc2O 93-17020
CIP
Copyrighted Material
Contents
Program Committee ix
Preface xi
Referees xiii
I Implementation
i Autonomous Control of Hybrid Systems with Declarative
Controllers (invited) 3
W. Kühn andA. Nerode
2 Implementing Stable Semantics by Linear Programming 23
C. Bell, A. Nerode, R. Ng, and V. S. Subrahmanian
3 Implementing Semantics of Disjunctive Logic Programs Using Fringes
and Abstract Properties 43
M. Müller and J. Dix
4 Connectionist Approach to Finding Stable Models and Other Structures
in Non-monotonic Reasoning 60
R. Vingrálek
5 SLS-Resolution without Floundering 82
W. Drabent
II MBNF and Related Topics
6 Extended Logic Programs as Autoepistemic Theories 101
V. Lifschitz and G. Schwarz
7 Reflexive Autoepistemic Logic and Logic Programming 115
V. W. Marek and M. Truszczyiíski
8 Minimal Knowledge + Negation as Failure = Only Knowing
(Sometimes) 132
J. Chen
9 Autoepistemic Logic Programming 151
P. A. Bonatti
Copyrighted Material
vi
III Stability and Related Topics
10 An Assumption-based Framework for Non-monotonie Reasoning
(invited) 171
A. Bondarenko, F. Toni, and R. A. Kowaiski
11 Contributions to the Stable Model Semantics of Logic Programs with
Negation 190
S. Costantini
12 A Characterization of Stable Models Using a Non-monotonic Operator 206
F. Teusink
13 Negation as Failure to Support 223
A. Torres
14 Negation as Partial Failure 244
B. Mobasher, J. Leszczylowski, G. Slutzki, and D. Pigozzi
IV Disjunctive LP, Inconsistency Handling
15 Recent Complexity Results in Logic Programming and Non-monotonic
Reasoning, and Why They Matter (invited) 265
G. Gottlob
16 Relating Disjunctive Logic Programs to Default Theories 266
C. Sakama and K. moue
17 Rational Default Logic and Disjunctive Logic Programming 283
A. Mikitiuk and M. Truszczyíski
18 Reasoning with Inconsistency in Extended Deductive Databases 300
G. Wagner
19 Diagnosis and Debugging as Contradiction Removal 316
L. M. Pereira, C. V. Damásio, and J. J. Alferes
V Nonstandard Semantics
20 Tools for Deductive Databases (invited) 333
Y Sagiv
21 Scenario Semantics of Extended Logic Programs 334
J. J. Alferes, P. M. Dung, and L. M. Pereira
Copyrighted Material
vii
22 An Abductive Framework for Generalized Logic Programs 349
G. Brewka
23 Justification Semantics: A Unifying Framework for the Semantics of
Logic Programs 365
M. Denecker and D. De Schreye
24 A Non-monotonie Reasoning Formalism Using Implicit Specificity
Information 380
P. Geerts and D. Vermeir
25 Reasoning in Open Domains 397
M. Gelfond and H. Przymusinska
VI Constructive Logic
26 An Intuitionistic Interpretation of Finite and Infinite Failure 417
L. T. McCarty and R. van der Meyden
27 Canonical Kripke Models and the Intuitionistic Semantics of Logic
Programs 437
F. Dong and L. V S. Lak.shmanan
28 Answer Sets and Constructive Logic, Il: Extended Logìc Programs and
Related Non-monotonic Formalisms 457
D. Pearce
29 A Sequent Axiomatization of Three-valued Logic with Two Negations 476
D. R. Busch
Author Index 495
Cop'vyrriigghhtteedd MMaatteerriiaall
Program Committee
Workshop Chair: Luís Moniz Pereira (Lisbon)
Program Chair: Anil Nerode (Cornell)
Program Committee: Krzysztof R. Apt (CWI, Amsterdam)
Howard Blair (Syracuse)
Allen Brown (Xerox WRC)
Michael Gelfond (Texas - El Paso)
Andonakis Kakas (Cyprus)
Vladimir Lifschitz (Texas - Austin)
Wiktor Marek (Kentucky)
Anil Nerode (Cornell)
Luís Moniz Pereira (Lisbon)
V. S. Subrahmanian (Maryland)
David S. Warren (SUNY Stonybrook)
Carlo Zaniolo (UCLA)
Copyrighted Material
Preface
Two years ago, in July, 1991, we held the First International Workshop on Logic
Programming and Non-monotonic Reasoning in Washington, D.C. to bring together
a community of researchers from both areas to explore their interconnections. It was
agreed then to hold the second workshop in Lisbon in June 1993. This is the volume
of refereed papers presented during the meeting. In addition to the papers printed in
this volume, approximately twenty other papers were accepted for special sessions.
The following invited lecturers kindly accepted to speak at the workshop: G. Gottlob,
R. Kowalskj, W. Kohn, G. Metakides, R. Reiter, and Y. Sagiv.
The subj ect has advanced in depth and interest since the last meeting because of active
mathematical, logical, and algorithmic research. Here are some of the topics covered.
Algorithms and implementations for non-monotonic logics.
The "Logic of Minimal Belief and Negation as Failure."
Stable models and their generalizations.
Inconsistency handling.
Non-monotonicity and constructive logic.
Applications.
We thank John Chiment and his staff as MSI for editorial assistance. We thank the
program committee listed elsewhere for its efforts both in selecting the papers for the
Workshop and for contributing to other issues related to the program. Special thanks
are due to Howard Blair for his effort at coordinating the electronic discussions of the
submissions. We also thank all those who helped with the workshop infrastructure.
We thank George Metakides who heads the EEC Basic Research program in
Information Technologies for his contribution to the symposium. For their financial
and other support, we thank the Mathematical Sciences Institute of Cornell University
(MSI), the US Army Research Office, the American Association for Artificial
Intelligence, the Portuguese Association for Artificial Intelligence, Digital Portugal,
the Portuguese-American Foundation for Development, the Commission of the
European Communities - DGXIII, the ESPRITCOMPULOGNET, Junta Nacional
de Investigaçào Científica in Portugal, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, and the
Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
Anil Nerode (program committee chair)
Luís Moniz Pereira (workshop chair)
Copyrighted Material
Referees
S. Adali
J. Alferes
J. AparIcio
C. Barai
R. Ben-Eliyahu
P. Bonatti
J. Chidella
P. Cholewinski
F. Dushin
N. McCain
A. Mikitiuk
G. Mints
C. Mohan
P. O'Hearn
L. Palopoli
D. Pedreschi
K. Sagonis
M. Schaerf
E. Sibert
M. Truszczynski
R. Vingrálek
G. Wagner
T. Weaver
T. Woo
Copyrighted Material
I Implementation
Copyrighted Material
