Logic and Its Applications: Third Indian Conference, ICLA 2009, Chennai, India, January 7-11, 2009. Proceedings

278 Pages·2009·4.262 MB·English

by  Johan van Benthem (auth.), R. Ramanujam, Sundar Sarukkai (eds.)

R. Ramanujam
Sundar Sarukkai (Eds.)
Logic and Its
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Third Indian Conference, ICLA 2009
Chennai, India, January 2009
Proceedings
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Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 5378
EditedbyR.Goebel,J.Siekmann,andW.Wahlster
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
FoLLI Publications on Logic, Language and Information
Editors-in-Chief
LuigiaCarlucciAiello,UniversityofRome"LaSapienza",Italy
MichaelMoortgat,UniversityofUtrecht,TheNetherlands
MaartendeRijke,UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
EditorialBoard
CarlosAreces,INRIALorraine,France
NicholasAsher,UniversityofTexasatAustin,TX,USA
JohanvanBenthem,UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
RaffaellaBernardi,FreeUniversityofBozen-Bolzano,Italy
AntalvandenBosch,TilburgUniversity,TheNetherlands
PaulBuitelaar,DFKI,Saarbrücken,Germany
DiegoCalvanese,FreeUniversityofBozen-Bolzano,Italy
AnnCopestake,UniversityofCambridge,UnitedKingdom
RobertDale,MacquarieUniversity,Sydney,Australia
LuisFariñas,IRIT,Toulouse,France
ClaireGardent,INRIALorraine,France
RajeevGoré,AustralianNationalUniversity,Canberra,Australia
ReinerHähnle,ChalmersUniversityofTechnology,Göteborg,Sweden
WilfridHodges,QueenMary,UniversityofLondon,UnitedKingdom
CarstenLutz,DresdenUniversityofTechnology,Germany
ChristopherManning,StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
ValeriadePaiva,PaloAltoResearchCenter,CA,USA
MarthaPalmer,UniversityofPennsylvania,PA,USA
AlbertoPolicriti,UniversityofUdine,Italy
JamesRogers,EarlhamCollege,Richmond,IN,USA
FrancescaRossi,UniversityofPadua,Italy
YdeVenema,UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
BonnieWebber,UniversityofEdinburgh,Scotland,UnitedKingdom
IanH.Witten,UniversityofWaikato,NewZealand
R. Ramanujam Sundar Sarukkai (Eds.)
Logic and Its
Applications
Third Indian Conference, ICLA 2009
Chennai, India, January 7-11, 2009
Proceedings
1 3
SeriesEditors
RandyGoebel,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Canada
JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany
WolfgangWahlster,DFKIandUniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany
VolumeEditors
R.Ramanujam
InstituteofMathematicalSciences
CITCampus,Chennai600113,India
E-mail:[email protected]
SundarSarukkai
NationalInstituteofAdvancedStudies
IndianInstituteofScienceCampus,Bangalore560012,India
E-mail:[email protected]
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Preface
This volume contains the papers presentedat ICLA 2009:Third Indian Confer-
enceonLogicandItsApplications(ICLA)heldattheInstituteofMathematical
Sciences, Chennai, Januay 7–11,2009.
The ICLA series aims to bring together researchers from a wide variety of
fields that formal logic plays a significant role in, along with mathematicians,
philosophers, computer scientists and logicians studying foundations of formal
logic in itself. A special feature of this conference are studies in systems of logic
in the Indian tradition,andhistoricalresearchonlogic.The biennial conference
is organized by the Association for Logic in India.
Thepapersinthevolumespanawiderangeofthemes.Wehavecontributions
to algebraic logic and set theory, combinatorics and philosophical logic. Modal
logics,withapplicationsincomputerscienceandgametheory,arediscussed.Not
only do we have papers discussing connections between ancient logical systems
withmodernones,butalsothoseofferingcomputationaltoolsforexperimenting
withsuchsystems.ItishopedthatICLAwillactasaplatformforsuchdialogues
arising from many disciplines, using formal logic as its common language.
Like the previous conferences (IIT-Bombay; January 2005 and 2007) and
(Jadavpur University, Kolkata; January 2007), the third conference also mani-
fested this confluence of several disciplines. As in the previous years, we were
fortunatetohaveanumberofhighlyeminentresearchersgivingplenarytalks.It
givesusgreatpleasuretothankJohanvanBenthem,RajeevGor´e,JoelHamkins,
Johann Makowsky, Rohit Parikh, Esko Turunen and Moshe Vardi for agreeing
to give invited talks and for contributing to this volume.
The ProgrammeCommittee,with helpfrommanyexternalreviewers,put in
a greatdealof hardworkto select papersfrom the submissions.We express our
gratitude to all members for doing an excellent job and thank all the reviewers
for their invaluable help.
ICLA 2009 included two pre-conference workshops: one on Algebraic Logic
coordinated by Mohua Banerjee (IIT Kanpur) and Mai Gehrke (Radboud Uni-
versiteit,Nijmegen),andanotheronLogicsforSocialInteractioncoordinatedby
SujataGhosh(ISIKolkata),EricPacuit(StanfordUniversity)andR.Ramanujam
(IMScChennai).Wethanktheorganizersaswellasthespeakersintheworkshops
forcontributingsosignificantlytotheprogramme.
The conference was held at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc),
Chennai. We thank IMSc and the Organizing Committee for taking on the re-
sponsibility.SpecialthanksareduetoSunilSimon(IMSc)forhelpinpreparation
of this volume. The Easychairsystem needs special mention, for its tremendous
versatility.
We also thank the EditorialBoardof the FoLLI series and Springer for pub-
lishing this volume.
October 2008 R. Ramanujam
Sundar Sarukkai
Organization
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai
Programme Chairs
R. Ramanujam
Sundar Sarukkai
Programme Committee
Natasha Alechina
Mohua Banerjee
Agata Ciabattoni
Jonardon Ganeri
Mai Gehrke
Kevin Kelly
Kamal Lodaya
Benedikt Loewe
Larry Moss
Ranjan Mukhopadhyay
Eric Pacuit
Arun Pujari
N. Raja
K. Ramasubramanian
Mark Siderits
Local Organization
Sujata Ghosh
S. Krishna
Sunil Simon
Arindama Singh
S.P. Suresh
Reviewers
Natasha Alechina Mihir K. Chakraborty
Horacio Arlo-Costa Anna Chernilovskaya
Mohua Banerjee Agata Ciabattoni
Walter Carnielli Pierre-Louis Curien
VIII Organization
Anuj Dawar Luca Motto Ros
Paul Dekker Larry Moss
Antonio Di Nola Ranjan Mukhopadhyay
Hans van Ditmarsch Hiroakira Ono
Didier Dubois Martin Otto
Christian Fermueller Wojciech Plandowski
Jonardon Ganeri Lech Polkowski
Mai Gehrke Eric Pacuit
Sujata Ghosh Arun Pujari
Valentin Goranko N. Raja
Joanna Grygiel R. Ramanujam
Wiebe van der Hoek K. Ramasubramanian
Tomohiro Hoshi Jan-Willem Romeijn
Gerard Huet Prahlad Sampath
Juhani Karhumaki Sundar Sarukkai
Kevin Kelly Mark Siderits
Benny Kenkireth Carsten Sinz
Amba Kulkarni S.P. Suresh
Tiago de Lima Kazushige Terui
Kamal Lodaya Joerg Tuske
Iris Loeb Pawel Urzyczyn
Benedikt Loewe Gregory Wheeler
George Metcalfe Eva Wilhelmus
Pabitra Mitra Stefan Woltran
Thomas M¨oller Anna Zamansky
Table of Contents
Decisions, Actions, and Games: A Logical Perspective (Invited Talk) ... 1
Johan van Benthem
Machine Checking Proof Theory: An Application of Logic to Logic
(Invited Talk) ................................................... 23
Rajeev Gor´e
Some Second Order Set Theory (Invited Talk) ....................... 36
Joel David Hamkins
Connection Matrices for MSOL-Definable Structural Invariants
(Invited Talk) ................................................... 51
Johann Makowsky
Knowledge, Games and Tales from the East (Invited Talk) ............ 65
Rohit Parikh
A Para Consistent Fuzzy Logic (Invited Talk) ....................... 77
Esko Turunen
From Philosophical to Industrial Logics (Invited Talk) ................ 89
Moshe Y. Vardi
Game Quantification Patterns ..................................... 116
Dietmar Berwanger and Sophie Pinchinat
Extensive Questions: From Research Agendas to Interrogative
Strategies ....................................................... 131
Emmanuel J. Genot
An Analytic Logic of Aggregation.................................. 146
Patrick Girard and Jeremy Seligman
Instantial Relevance in Polyadic Inductive Logic ..................... 162
Ju¨rgen Landes, Jeff Paris, and Alena Vencovska´
Algebraic Study of Lattice-Valued Logic and Lattice-Valued Modal
Logic........................................................... 170
Yoshihiro Maruyama
A General Setting for the Pointwise Investigation of Determinacy ...... 185
Yurii Khomskii
A Two-Dimensional Hybrid Logic of Subset Spaces................... 196
Yi N. Wang
X Table of Contents
A Unified Framework for Certificate and Compilation for QBF ........ 210
Igor St´ephan and Benoit Da Mota
Towards Decidability of Conjugacy of Pairs and Triples ............... 224
Benny George Kenkireth and Samrith Ram
Gautama – Ontology Editor Based on Nyaya Logic................... 232
G.S. Mahalakshmi, T.V. Geetha, Arun Kumar,
Dinesh Kumar, and S. Manikandan
Formal Definitions of Reason Fallacies to Aid Defect Exploration in
Argument Gaming ............................................... 243
G.S. Mahalakshmi and T.V. Geetha
The Art of Non-asserting: Dialogue with Na¯ga¯rjuna .................. 257
Marie-H´el`ene Gorisse
Author Index.................................................. 269
Decisions, Actions, and Games:
A Logical Perspective
Johan van Benthem
Amsterdam & Stanford
http://staff.science.uva.nl/∼johan
1 Introduction: Logic and Games
Over the past decades, logicians interested in rational agency and intelligent
interaction studied major components of these phenomena, such as knowledge,
belief,andpreference.Inrecentyears,standard‘static’logicsdescribinginforma-
tion states of agents have been generalized to dynamic logics describing actions
and events that produce information, revise beliefs, or change preferences, as
explicit parts of the logical system. [22], [1], [12] are up-to-date accounts of this
dynamic trend (the present paper follows Chapter 9 of the latter book). But in
reality,concreterationalagencycontainsallthese dynamic processesentangled.
A concrete setting for this entanglement are games – and this paper is a survey
of their interfaces with logic, both static and dynamic. Games are intriguing
also since their analysis brings together two major streams, or tribal communi-
ties: ‘hard’ mathematical logics of computation, and ‘soft’ philosophical logics
of propositional attitudes. Of course, this hard/soft distinction is spurious, and
there is no natural border line between the two sources: it is their congenial
mixture that makes current theories of agency so lively.
We will discuss both statics, viewing games as fixed structures representing
all possible runs of some process, and the dynamics that arises when we make
thingshappenonsucha‘stage’.We startwithafew examplesshowingwhatwe
are interested in. Then we move to a series of standard logics describing static
game structure, from moves to preferences and epistemic uncertainty. Next, we
introduce dynamic logics, and see what they add in scenarios with information
update and belief revision where given games can change as new information
arrives. This paper is meant to make a connection. It is not a full treatment of
logical perspectives on games, for which we refer to [13].
2 Decisions, Practical Reasoning, and ‘Solving’ Games
Action and Preference. Even the simplest scenarios of practical reasoning
about agents involve a number of notions at the same time:
Example 1 (Onesingledecision).Anagenthastwoalternativecoursesofaction,
but prefers one outcome to the other:
R.RamanujamandS.Sarukkai(Eds.):ICLA2009,LNAI5378,pp.1–22,2009.
(cid:1)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009