Table Of Contento.A. S.ÏTHER&T.ANDERSEN
MuseumofZoology, UniversityofBergen
LOBOSMITTIA, A NEW GENUS OF ORTHOCLADS
FROM TANZANIAAND TURKEY (DIPTERA:
CHIRONOMIDAE)
Sxther,O.A.&T.Andersen, 1993.Lobosmittia,anewgenusoforthocladsfromTanzaniaand
Turkey (Diptera: Chironomidae). -Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 136: 283-287, figs. 1-10.
[ISSN0040-7496].Published 10December 1993.
The genus Lobosmittia is erected for a new species from the West Usambara Mts in NE
Tanzania, L basitohataandfor PseudosmittiainvaginataCaspers& Reiss, 1989fromTurkey.
Thegenusdiffersfromotherorthocladswithbareeyes,wingsandsquama;bycompletelylack-
ingacrostichals,medianmicrotrichialtuftorlesssclerotizedmedianareaonscutum;byhaving
costanotoronlyslightlyextended;fine,triangular,stronglypointedanalpointbareofmicro-
trichia;andgonostyluswitheitherabasalorpreapicallobe.TheParakiejferiella^ronpofgene-
raorAcamptocladiusBrundinandrelatedgeneraarethemostlikelyclosestrelatives.
Department ofSystematic Zoology, Museum ofZoology, University ofBergen, Musépl. 3,
N-5007Bergen,Norway.
Keywords.-Chironomidae,Orthocladiinae,newgenus,Tanzania,Turkey.
Introduction Methodsandterminology
DuringanexpeditionbytheMuseum ofZoology, Thematerial examinedwas mountedonslidesfol-
University ofBergen, to the montane evergreen fo- lowingtheprocedureoutlinedbySasther(1969).The
restsintheWestUsambaraMountains,NETanzania general terminologyfollows Scether (1980). The me-
in theautumn of1990, several interestingnewgene- asurementsaregivenasrangesfollowedbymeanand
raandspeciesofchironomidswerecollectedtogether thenumbermeasured (n) inparentheses.
with a few genera new to the African continent The types ofLobosmittia basilobata sp. n. are de-
(Andersen & Ssther 1993, in press a, b, Ssther & posited in the Museum of Zoology, University of
Wang 1992). One of the new genera had what in Bergen,Norway(zmbn).
some specimens looked like a double gonostylus.
However,otherviewsshowedthatitwasabasallobe. Lobosmittiagen. n.
Other characteristics made it clear that the species
could not be placed in any presently recognized ge- Type species. - Lobosmittia basilobata sp. n. by
nus. The senior author, together with L. C. present designation. Other included species:
&
Ferringtonjr.,Lawrence, Kansas,presentlyisrevising Lobosmittia invaginata (Caspers Reiss, 1989: 123,
the genus Pseudosmittia Goetghebuer. Many species Figs. 11-13, as Pseudosmittiainvaginata), comb. n.
in that genus are tentatively placed since the genus
has not been well defined. When examining types it Diagnosticcharacters.-Thebareeyes,wingmem-
was foundthat Pseudosmittiainvaginatadescribedby brane and squama, combined with complete lack of
Caspers & Reiss (1989) could be placed in the same acrostichals, microtrichial tuft on median hump or
genusasthespeciesfromTanzania. sclerotized area on scutum, not or only moderately
Thefieldwork,whichincludedanextensiveuseof extended costa, and pointed, triangular anal point,
Malaise traps andsweep nets, was mainlyconducted freeofmicrotrichiawillseparate thegenus from oth-
intheMazumbaiForestReserveintheeasternpartof erorthoclads.
the West Usambara Mts. A thorough description of
thevegetation in these mountains isgiven byIversen Etymology. - From the Greek lobos, a lobe, and
(1991). OurMalaisetraplocalities alongthe Kaputu Smittia,arelatedgenusofOrthocladiinaeandacom-
Stream near Mazumbai are described inAndersen & mon endingamongorthoclads, referringto thebasal
Johanson (in press). orsubapicallobes ofthegonosryliofthetwo includ-
edspecies.
283
.
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volumei36,1993
Description milarityofPseudosmittiaGoetghebuerandProsmittia
Smallspecieswithwinglength0.7- 1.1 mm. Brundin. Cranston & Oliver (1988) evensynonymi-
Eyes bare, without dorsomedial elongation. zed the two genera based on the fact that Prosmittia
Coronal suturewell developedendingin frontalpro- nanseni Kieffer (Kieffer 1926: 82) is a good
jection. Temporalsetaeconsistingofweakinnerver- Pseudosmittia.Oliver(1963: 177) firstplaced nanseni
ticalsandstrongouterverticals.Tentoriumandstipes in thegenus Prosmittiaapparentlybasedonthesimi-
normal.Antennaeofmalewith 13 flagellomeres; an- larities in the hypopygia between nanseni and
tennal groove starting on flagellomere 3; sensilla Prosmittiajemtlandica (Brundin, 1947). Reexamin-
chaetica on flagellomeres 2, 3 and 13; apex without ationofthetypeofP. nansenibySsther etal. (1984:
apicalsetae. 270) did not change the placement of the species.
Antepronotumwithmedianlobesnarrowedmedi- However, the wingvenation could not be discerned
ally and slightly separated, with 1 lateral seta. on the damaged male. The senior author together
Dorsocentralsseveral; acrostichals, microtrichialtuft, with Dr. L. C. Ferringtonjr., Lawrence, Kansas, pre-
humporunsclerotizedmedianareaofscutumabsent; sentlyisrevisingthegenus Pseudosmittiaandwehave
prealars few, inoneortwogroups; supraalarspresent examined P.jemtlandicaaswell as alarge amount of
orabsent. Scutellumwith fewsetae. Humeralpitnot P. nanseniandmosttypesofPseudosmittia.Allspecies
distinctive. ofPseudosmittiahave2 oroccasionally4-11 (as in P.
Wing membrane bare, with very fine punctuation nanseni) short, butrelativelystrongacrostichals,with
ofmicrotrichia; veins brown. Anal lobe weak or ab- distinctsockets, inapale,lesssclerotisedmedianarea
sent. Costanottomoderatelyextended; R,., running onthescutum.Thereisneveramedianmicrotrichial
in the middle between R, and R^,^, ending close to tuft as in Parakiefferiella Thienemann, and no me-
^4t$'>R4,sendingclearlyproximallyofendofM,^^;Cu, dian tubercle, butoccasionallythereisahumpinso-
sinuate; FCu fardistallyofRM; postcubitus extend- me renerai specimens. On the wing, vein R^^^ may
ing beyond FCu; anal vein not reaching FCu. endslightlydistaltoendofM,.^,butmostlyendswell
Brachiolum with 1 seta, other veins bare. Squama proximal oftheendofM,,,,. In Prosmittiajemtlandi-
bare. Sensilla campaniformia about 8-10 on base of ca there is no sign ofacrostichals, microtrichal tuft,
brachiolum, 3 belowseta, and about 8-10 at apex of hump or pale area on scutum, and R4^, ends far dis-
brachiolum; 1 at base ofsubcosta, 1 on FR and 1 at tallyofthe end ofM,^^ almost reachingthewingap-
baseofR, ex. The illustration by Brundin (1947: fig. 16) of
Tibial spurs and tibial comb normal. Pulvilli ab- Prosmittiajemtlandica (as Pseudosmittiajemtlandica)
sent, atleastin L. invaginata. is correct and not erroneous as previouslypresumed.
TergiteIXwithfewtoseveralsetaeatbaseoftrian- Thegenus ProsmittiaBrundin (1956: 58, 165) clear-
gular, sharplypointedanal pointwhich is bareofse- lyhastoberesurrected.Thewingvenation,however,
taeand microtrichia. Sternapodemewithweakorno appearstoplaceitcloseto UnniellaSsether,butnotto
oral projections. Phallapodeme normal. Virga well Pseudosmittianorto Lohosmittia.
developed, consisting of few needle-like spines. Lohosmittia, however, has an anal point placed on
Gonocoxitewithlong, relativelylowinferiorvolsella. theposteriormarginoftergiteIXanddoesnotappear
Gonostylus eitherwith a basal crista dorsalis appear- closelyrelatedtoanyoftheabovementionedgenera.
ingasabasalappendageinsomeviewsorwithalong BoreosmittiaTuiskunen appears to be the mostsimi-
apically angled crista dorsalis making the gonostylus largenus. However,withoutknowledgeoftheimma-
appeartohaveadeepapicalinvagination. turesamoredefiniteplacementisasyetnotpossible.
Female, pupaeandlarvaeunknown.
Lohosmittiabasilobatasp. n.
Systematics
In the key to adult males of Orthocladiinae by (figs. 1-10)
C98r.anIsttwoilnlentoatl.k(e1y98f9u)rthLeorhossimnictetithaewìpuWlvkiellyitaoppcaoruepnlte-t WesTtypUesammatbearriaal.Mt-s,HoMlaozru^m^pbeaiS,,KTaApNuZtAuNISAt,reTama,ng1a64r0egmiona,.
lyareabsentorvestigial,whiletheanalpointextends s. 1., sweep net at waterfall, 28.x.1990, ZMB's Tanzania
from the posterior margin oftergite IX. Caspers & E1xSpeadsithioolnot(yZpeMBeNxcNepot.M1a5l6a)i.s-ePtarraaptylopce.s:2,41d6,50asmholao.rys.peI.;,
Reiss(1989: 12)discussedtheplacementoftheirspe- 2.-6.XÌ.1990; 2(5 as holotype except Malaise trap loc. 10,
cies as Pseudosmittiainvaginataon the base ofthesi- 1420m a.s. 1.,xii.1990.
Figs. 1-10.MaleimagooiLohosmittiabasilobata^cn.n.,sp.n.-1,head;2,thorax;3,thirdpalpalsegment;4,tentoriumand
stipes; 5,wing;6, hypopygium,withdorsalaspecttotheleft,ventraltotheright;7,analpoint,lateralview; 8-10,gonosty-
lus,differentviews.
284
S/ETHER&Andersen: Lobosmittiagen. n.
10
285
TijdschriftvoorEntomologie,volume 136.1993
Diagnostic characters. - The basal lobe ofthe go- ing21-27, 24 \Xxn.from base (figs. 8-10); megaseta9-
nostyluseasilyseparatesL. basilobatafromL. invagin- 14, 10^mlong.
ata. Othercharacteristics ofL. basilobatainclude ab-
sence ofsupraalars, fewerprealars and innerverticals &
Lobosmittiainvaginata(Caspars Reiss) comb. n.
and more numerous sensilla clavata at apex of the
thirdpalpalsegment. Pseudosmittia invaginataCuspers &C Reiss, 1989: 123, figs.
11-13- - Holotype â, TURKEY: Kars province, W.
Etymology. - From the Latin basis, base, pedestal, S1a9r8i5k,amiWs,.SogSacnhlaichrtailw(aZyoosltoatgiiosnc,he2n100Stmaaat.sss.am1.m,l5u.nvgii,.
and New Latin, lobatus, lobed, referringto theshape München), [examined]
ofthegonostylus.
Description Diagnostic characters. - The subapical invagina-
Male imago (n = 7-8, except when otherwise sta- tion ofthe gonostylus easily separates L. invaginata
ted). - Total length 1.34-L46, 1.40 mm (6). Wing from L. basilobata. Other characteristics ofL. inva-
length 0.75-0.83, 0.81 mm. Total length / wing ginata includes the presence of 1 supraalar, 6 inner
length L57-1.87, 1.73 (6). Wing length / length of verticals and 1 sensillum clavatum at the apex ofthe
profemur 2.73-3.08, 2.88. Coloration brownish thirdpalpalsegment.
black with yellowish shoulders and anepisternum.
Legsyellowishbrown. Description
Head (Fig. 1). AR 0.39-0.49, 0.42. Ultimate fla- The species is well described by Caspers & Reiss
gellomere 123-171, 141 |Im long. One specimen (1989: 123, figs. 11-13). However, this description
with division between flagellomere 12 and 13 indis- containsafewmistakes.Thereare6weakinnerverti-
tinct, ifantenna regarded as 12-segmentedAR0.56. calsreachingfromnearthemiddleoftheheadtothe
Temporal setae consisting of 2-3, 2 mostly widely positionoftheouterverticals. Therealsoare3stron-
separated, weak inner verticals; and 3 strong outer gerouterverticals, apparently8 setae on theclypeus,
verticals. Clypeuswith 4-6, 5 setae. Tentorium (Fig. 1 lateral antepronotal and 1 supraalar. The first palp
4) 80-94, 85 |im long, 13-18, 15 |Jm wide. Stipes segment is shorter than the second, our measure-
(Fig. 4) 57-66,62|Imlong, 21-27, 25\Xmwide. Palp ments are 23 |Xm and 30 )im. The leg segments
segmentslengthsin|lm: 14-18, 15; 18-23,21;27-39, lengthsappeartohavebeenmeasuredastotallengths,
34; 32-41, 38;46-66, 59.Thirdpalpalsegment (Fig. notfollowingSchlee (1966), as especiallythefemora
3)withG-7,6(6)sensillaclavata.Coronalsutureend- and ta,; are about 15% too long compared with our
ingin frontalprojection. measurements,whileta, to ta^ arequiteclose.
Thorax (fig. 2). Antepronotumwith 1 lateral seta.
Dorsocentrals 8-11, 9; prealars 3; supraalars absent. Acknowledgements
Scutellumwith2setae.
Wing (fig. 5). VR 1.31-1.45, 1.40. Costal exten- The expedition to Tanzania was funded by The
sion23-62, 35 mmlong. Norwegian Council for Science and the Humanities
Legs. Spuroffront tibia29-39, 34 |Im long; spurs (navf). Financial support was also given by
ofmiddle tibia 14-18, 16 |im (6) and 13-18, 15 |lm Nansenfondet. Thanksarealsodueto thestaffatthe
long; ofhind tibia32-39, 35 (Im and 11-16, 14 |Im. Department for Forest Biology, Sokoine University
Widthatapexoffronttibia 16-18, 17|im; ofmiddle ofAgriculture (sua), Morogoro,Tanzaniaandto the
tibia 16-21, 19|lm;ofhindtibia25-34,30|Im. Hind Norwegian Agency for Development (norad). Dar
tibial comb of 13-15, 14 setae; shortest setae 18-25, es Salam, Tanzania, for their cooperation and sup-
21 )Jmlong; longestsetae26-34, 31 |Jmlong. Lengths port. Gladys Ramirez made the slide preparations of
offront, middle and hind femora (in jXm) as: 252- Lobosmittiabasilobata.
306, 282; 279-315, 306; 288-324, 308; of tibiae:
266-315, 293; 288-360, 325; 315-360, 339.
References
Tarsomeres 1 and 2 ofhind legs 171 |Im (1) and 90
|loInmHgy;(1pw)oiltpohyngg9,-i1uo4tm,he1(rf0itgs.aert6sa)eo.maetArnbeaaslselops(otf.iign.t7);18l-a2t7e,ros2t1ern|iitxen AndTI(eanTrtnrseizercannhn,aoitpaitT.oe.nraa-l&) fSIKryn.:ommpAOo.tastJioou,mhmoaunCons.tnona,iPTrnroi(ccinheroeappdirtnieensrgsaf)s..oreo-CsfatdUdntiiihnsveerfN7slitaEehls
IX with 3 setae. Phallapodeme 39-48, 45 firn long, BookServices,TheNetherlands.
transverse sternapodeme 34-43, 41 |Im long. Virga Andersen,T.&:O.A.Ssether, 1993. Lerheimia,anewgenus
14-19, 16|Imlong. Gonocoxite91-1 1,97|Im long; ofOrthocladiinae fromAfrica(Diptera, Chironomidae).
with long inferior volsella apically hooked in some -Spixiana 16: 105-112.
views.Gonostylus39-45,42|Imlong;basallobeend- Andersen, T. & O. A. Sïether, (in press a). Usambaromyia
286
SjETHER&Andersen: Lobosmittiagen. n.
nigralagen.n.,sp.n.,andUsambaromyiinae,anewsub- Kieffer,J.J., 1926.Chironomidender2.Fram-Expedition
family among the Chironomidae (Diptera). - Aquatic (1898-1902).-NorskentomologiskTidsskrift2:78-89.
Insects 15. Oliver, D. R., 1963. Entomological studies in the Lake
Andersen,T.&O.A.Ssether, (inpressb). Colosmittiaclav- HazenArea,EUesmereIsland,includinglistsofspeciesof
atagen. n., sp. n., a new orthoclad from the Usambara Arachnida, CoUembola and Insecta. - Arctic 16: 175-
Mts,Tanzania(Diptera:Chironomidae).-Journalofthe 180.
KansasEntomologicalSociety66. Ssether, O. A., 1969. Some Nearctic Podonominae,
Brundin, L., 1947. Zur Kenntnis der schwedishen Diamesinae, and Orthocladiinae (Diptera:
Chironomiden.-ArkivforZoologi39A(3): 1-95. Chironomidae). - Bulletin of the Fisheries Research
Brundin, L., 1956. Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae BoardofCanada 107: 1-154.
(Dipt. Chironomidae).-Report, InstituteofFreshwater Saether, O. A., 1980. Glossary ofchironomid morphology
Research, Drottningholm37: 5-185. terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Entomologica
Caspers, N. & F. Reiss, 1989. Die Chironomidae der scandinavicaSupplement 14: 1-51.
&
Türkei. Teil I: Podonominae, Diamesinae, Saether, O. A., J. E. Sublette E. Willassen, 1984.
Prodiamesinae, Orthocladiinae (Diptera, Nematocera, Chironomidae (Diptera) from the2ndFram Expedition
CraCnhsitroonn,oPm.iSd.ae&).D-.ERn.tOolmiovefra,un19a881.0A(d8d/1i)t:io1n0s5-a1n6d0.correc- K(i1e8f9fe8r-.19-0E2n)totomoAlrocgtiiccaNoscratnhdiAnmaevriciaca15d:es2c4r5i-b2e7d5.byJ.J.
tions to the Nearctic Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Saether,O.A.&X.Wang, 1992.Euryhapsisfuscipropess}p.n.
Chironomidae). - Canadian Entomologist 120: 425- from China and Tokyobrillia anderseni sp. n. from
462. Tanzania,withareviewofgeneranearIrisobrilliaOliver
Cranston,P.S.,D.R.OHver,&O.A.Ssether, 1989.9.The (Diptera: Chironomidae). - Annales de limnologie 28:
adult males ofOrthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) 209-223.
of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses. - In: Schlee, D., 1966. Präparation und Ermittlung von
Wiederholm, T. Chironomidae ofthe Holarctic region. MesswertenanChironomiden(Diptera).-Gewässerund
Keysanddiagnoses.Part3.Adultmales.-Entomologica Abwässer41/42: 169-193.
scandinavicaSujiplement34: 165-352.
Iversen, S. T., 1991. The Usambara Mountains, NE Received:6January 1993
Tanzania: Phytogeographyofvascularplantflora.-Acta Accepted:20September 1993
UniversitatisUpsalensis,SymbolaeBotanicaeUpsaliensis
29(3): 1-234.
287
