Living Arrangements of the Unemployed Across Europe

196 Pages·2017·1.57 MB·English

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Doctoral Thesis Submitted for the Degree of
Doctor of Demography
Living Arrangements of the
Unemployed Across Europe:
How Households Protect Us From Vulnerability
Author
Pınar Ko¨ksel
Directors
Albert Esteve - In˜aki Permanyer
Tutor
Albert Esteve
UNIVERSITAT AUTO´ NOMA DE BARCELONA
DEPARTAMENT DE GEOGRAFI´A
CENTRE D’ESTUDIS DEMOGRAFICS
November 2017
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Funding for this research was made possible by the following projects:
WORLDFAM (Towards a Unified Analysis of World Population: Family
Patterns in Multilevel Perspective; ERC-2009-StG-240978), PI: Dr. Albert
Esteve
EQUALIZE (Equalizing or Disequalizing? Opposing Socio-demographic
Determinants of the Spatial Distribution of Welfare; ERC-2014-StG-
637768), PI: Dr. In˜aki Permanyer
CRISFAM (Spanish Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad; CSO2015-
64713-R), PI: Dr. In˜aki Permanyer
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Luna ve babasina..
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Acknowledgments:
I would like start by expressing my sincere gratitude to Dr.Albert Es-
teve for giving me the opportunity to be a part of the Centre for Demo-
graphic Studies (CED). These years I spent in Barcelona not only led to
writing of this PhD thesis, but more importantly to various fortunate life-
changing events that helped me finally complete my transition to adult-
hood.
I feel grateful for the guidance I received throughout these years from
my supervisors Dr.Albert Esteve and Dr.In˜aki Permanyer and I would
like to acknowledge the insightful comments I received from Dr. Andreu
Domingo during my PhD Monitoring Committees. I would also like to
thank my supervisor Dr. Pau Miret during the European Doctoral School
of Demography (EDSD) and all my friends from the EDSD who made my
come back to being a student after many years not only manageable but
also a lot of fun.
I am grateful to the administrative and technical staff at CED, especially
Soco and Xavi for always being there to help me. I would like to thank my
friends and colleagues for all the good memories I am taking away with
me, especially Sarahi, Antia, Fernando, Chia, Amalia, Anna and Elizabeth
for being beautiful parts of my life in Barcelona. I know that I will be
seeing you in different parts of the world, so this is for sure not a goodbye.
None of this would have been possible without the selfless love, care
and encouragement of my dear parents who are so far away but always so
close. I cannot thank them enough for feeling their support in whatever
decision I have taken in my life, moving to Barcelona being one of those.
Especially to my mother who traveled to Barcelona more than often lately
to give us a hand and make it possible for me to write the final words of
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this thesis. A big thank you to my little sister, my I wish you were here,
among millions of other things, for making me feel like I am the coolest
person in the whole universe.
I have to confess honestly that I was not seeing the light at the end of
this tunnel lately if it was not for Ciganda. I do not have words to thank
him here. I can only promise to sing all our favorite songs against the wind
now. I cannot wait for the new adventures ahead of us, with you anywhere.
Finally, I guess my little Luna deserves a big thank you as well, for making
our lives so upside down and giving everything a new meaning with all her
intensity and beauty. Thank you for being such a good girl and helping
your mother. Most of the time.
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Contents
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvi
INTRODUCTION 1
1 THE FAMILY CONTEXT OF THE UNEMPLOYED IN
EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD JOBLESS-
NESS 13
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1.1.2 Intergenerational Co-residence across European
Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2 Data and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.3.1 Unemployment in Jobless Households Rate . . . . 26
1.3.2 Joblessness across Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.3 Multi-level Logistic Regression Models . . . . . . 34
1.3.4 Probability of Being in Jobless Households . . . . 35
1.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
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2 LIVINGARRANGEMENTS OF THEYOUNGACROSS EU-
ROPEAN REGIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLD
JOBLESSNESS 45
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.2 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3 Living Arrangements of the European Youth . . . . . . . . 48
2.4 Unemployed Youth in Jobless Households . . . . . . . . . 56
2.5 Probability of Being in Jobless Households . . . . . . . . 59
2.6 Who Contributes More to Keep the Unemployed Young
Out of Jobless Households: Parents or Spouses? . . . . . . 63
2.7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3 IMPACT OF LIVING ARRANGEMENTS ON POVERTY
AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION ACROSS EUROPE 71
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.2 Measuring Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.3 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.4 Unemployed in Jobless Households across Europe . . . . . 81
3.5 At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion (AROPE) across
Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.5.1 At Risk of Poverty (AROP) across Europe . . . . . 89
3.5.2 Severe Material Deprivation (SMD) across Europe 100
3.5.3 Low Work Intensity (LWI) across Europe . . . . . 106
3.5.4 At Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion (AROPE)
across Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.6 Poverty by Household Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.7 Unemployed Populations in Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
3.7.1 Unemployed in AROP Households across Europe . 121
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3.7.2 Unemployed in SMD Households across Europe . 124
3.7.3 Unemployed in LWI Households across Europe . . 127
3.7.4 Unemployed in AROPE Households across Europe 130
3.7.5 Experience of Poverty by the Unemployed . . . . 135
3.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
CONCLUSIONS 149
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