Livestock Production in Tsetse Affected Areas of Africa

496 Pages·2016·8.22 MB·English

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
IN TSETSE AFFECTED AREAS
OF AFRICA
Proceedings of a meeting held in Nairobi.
Kenya from the 23rd to 27th November 1987
organized by the International Livestock
Centre for Africa and the International
Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases
ILCA/ILRAD 1988
Published by the International Livestock Centre for Africa
and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases,
Nairobi, Kenya
© ILCA/ILRAD 1988
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced without written permission from the Publishers.
ISBN 92-9055-288-3
Printed in Kenya by English Press, Nairobi
Contents
List of authors xi .
List of abbreviations xvii.
Preface xxi .
Introduction
1 Livestock production in tropical Africa, with special
reference to the tsetse-affected zone
H.E. Jahnke, G. Tacher, P. Keil and D. Rojat 3
2 The potential of collaborative research networks
in developing countries
D.L. Plucknett and N.J.H. Smith 22
3 An overview of the African Trypanotolerant Livestock
Network
G.D.M. d'Ieteren and J.C.M. Trail 31
Tsetse
The role of tsetse in African animal trypanosomiasis
A.M. Jordan 37
Determination of tsetse challenge and its relationship
with trypanosome prevalence in trypanotolerant
livestock at sites of the African Trypanotolerant
Livestock Network
S.G.A. Leak, K. Awuome, C. Colardelle, W. Duffera,
A. Feron, B. Mahamat, K. Mawuena, M. Minengu, M. Mulungo
G. Nankodaba, G. Ordner, M. Pelo, M. Sheria, G. Tikubet,
M. Toure and G. Yangari 43
Trypanosome prevalence in cattle herds exposed to a
range of tsetse challenge levels in northern Cote
d' Ivoire
G. Nankodaba, L. Coulibaly, P. Hecker, S.G.A. Leak and
A. Schuetterle 55
Tsetse control by means of insecticide impregnated
biconical traps: Results of five consecutive
campaigns in Cote d'Ivoire
W. Kupper 63
Tsetse and trypanosomiasis in cattle: The interface
of grazing patterns and its importance
T. Wacher, P. Rawlings and P. Jeannin 70
Trypanosomiasis epidemiology
9 The epidemiology of African animal trypanosomiasis
M. Clair 77
10 Genetic and environmental factors affecting
trypanosome prevalence and parasitaemia in livestock
G.D.M. d'Ieteren, K. Awuome, K. Bokovi , S. Chema,
C. Colardelle, L. Coulibaly, A. Defly, A. Feron,
G. Grundler, M. Handlos, P. Hecker, P. Itty, 0. Kakiese,
S.G.A. Leak, J.H.H. Maehl , S.H. Maloo, K. Mawuena,
M. Minengu, G. Morkramer, F. Mukendi , W. Mulatu,
M. Mulungo, S.M. Nagda, G. Nankodaba, S. Ngamuna,
G. Ordner, R.W. Paling, M. Pelo, J.M. Rarieya,
A. Schuetterle, M. Sheria, W. Thorpe, G. Tikubet,
J.C.M. Trail and G. Yangari 87
11 Anti-trypanosomal antibodies in sequentially collected
sera of N'Dama cattle under natural trypanosomiasis
risk in The Gambia
R.H. Dwinger, A.S. Grieve, P. Jeannin, K. Agyemang
and J. Faye 100
12 Disease interactions in cattle and sheep in northern
Cote d'Ivoire
L. Coulibaly, I. Diarrasouba, G.D.M. d'Ieteren,
P. Hecker, P. Itty, J.H.H. Maehl, B. Mahamat,
S.M. Nagda, R.W. Paling, J.M. Rarieya,
A. Schuetterle, W. Thorpe and J.C.M. Trail 110
13 Trypanosomiasis in N'Dama cattle under village
management in Zaire
S. Ngamuna, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, P. Itty, S.G.A. Leak,
J.H.H. Maehl, M. Minengu, S.M. Nagda, R.W. Paling,
J.M. Rarieya, W. Thorpe and J.C.M. Trail 119
14 Odour attractants for Glossina pallidipes in south
western Ethiopia
G. Tikubet, W. Duffera, T. Girma, S.G.A. Leak,
W. Mulatu and T. Richardson 125
Trypanotolerance
15 Trypanotolerance, its criteria and genetic and
environmental influences
M. Murray 133
VI.
16 Comparative studies on the responses of N'Dama and
Boran cattle to experimental challenge with tsetse
transmitted Trypanosoma congolense
L.L. Logan, R.W. Paling, S.K. Moloo and J.R. Scott 152
17 Trypanosome infections and other factors influencing
PCV in livestock
G.D.M. d'Ieteren, K. Awuome, K. Bokovi , S. Chema,
C. Colardelle, L. Coulibaly, A. Defly, A. Feron,
G. Grundler, M. Handlos, P. Hecker, P. Itty,
0. Kakiese, S.G.A. Leak, J.H.H. Maehl , S.H. Maloo,
K. Mawuena, M. Minengu, G. Morkramer, F. Mukendi,
W. Mulatu, M. Mulungo, S.M. Nagda, G. Nankodaba,
S. Ngamuna, G. Ordner, R.W. Paling, J.M. Rarieya,
A. Schuetterle, M. Sheria, W. Thorpe, G. Tikubet,
J.CM. Trail and G. Yangari 161
18 The effects of Trypanosoma congolense infection
on the reproductive cycle of N'Dama and Boran heifers
E. Lorenzini, J.R. Scott, R.W. Paling and T. Jordt 168
19 Reproductive performance of N'Dama cattle kept under
village management in The Gambia
P. Jeannin, A.S. Grieve, K. Agyemang, D.J. Clifford,
C.D. Munro and R.H. Dwinger 174
Biological productivity
20 Factors influencing the production potential of
trypanotolerant livestock
W. Ferguson 187
21 Factors influencing reproductive performance in a
range of Network situations
W. Thorpe, L. Coulibaly, A. Defly, G.D.M. d'Ieteren,
A. Feron, G. Grundler, P. Hecker, P. Itty, J.H.H. Maehl,
K. Mawuena, G. Morkramer, M. Mulungo, S.M. Nagda,
R.W. Paling, M. Pelo, J.M. Rarieya, A. Schuetterle
and J.C.M. Trail 210
22 Factors influencing liveweight in a range of Network
situations
J.H.H. Maehl, L. Coulibaly, A. Defly, G.D.M. d'Ieteren,
A. Feron, G. Grundler, P. Hecker, P. Itty, K. Mawuena,
G. Morkramer, M. Mulungo, S.M. Nagda, R.W. Paling,
M. Pelo, J.M. Rarieya, A. Schuetterle, M. Sheria,
W. Thorpe and J.CM. Trail 219
23 Milk extraction for human consumption from N'Dama
cattle under village management conditions in The
Gambia
K. Agyemang, P. Jeannin, A.S. Grieve, M.L. Bah
and R.H. Dwinger 231
VI1.
24 Productivity of ranch N'Dama cattle under
trypanosomiasis risk
A. Feron, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, J. Durkin, P. Itty,
0. Kakiese, J.H.H. Maehl, M. Mulungo, S.M. Nagda,
R.W. Paling, M. Pelo, J.M. Rarieya, M. Sheria,
W. Thorpe and J.C.M. Trail 246
25 Effect of trypanosome infection on livestock health
and production in Togo
A. Defly, K. Awuome, K. Bokovi , G.D.M. d'Ieteren,
G. Grundler, M. Handlos, P. Itty, S.G.A. Leak,
J.H.H. Maehl, K. Mawuena, G. Morkramer, S.M. Nagda,
R.W. Paling, J.M. Rarieya, W. Thorpe and J.CM. Trail 251
26 Health and performance of zebu cattle exposed to
trypanosomiasis risk in S.W. Ethiopia
W. Mulatu, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, W. Duffera, T. Girma,
P. Itty, S.G.A. Leak, J.H.H. Maehl, S.M. Nagda,
R.W. Paling, J.M. Rarieya, W. Thorpe and J.CM. Trail 257
Chemotherapy
27 Chemotherapy against African animal trypanosomiasis:
its strengths and limitations
A.A. Ilemobade 265
28 Chemoprohylaxis : its successful use in the control of
trypanosomiasis in Boran cattle, at Mkwaja Ranch,
Tanzania
J.M.C Jibbo, J. Durkin, D.E. Light, M. Murray,
K. Sones and J.CM. Trail 274
29 The use of chemoprophylaxis in East African Zebu
village cattle exposed to trypanosomiasis in Muhaka,
Kenya
S.H. Maloo, S. Chema, R. Connor, J. Durkin, P. Kimotho,
J.H.H. Maehl, F. Mukendi, M. Murray, J.M. Rarieya and
J.C.M. Trail 283
30 The effects of trypanosomiasis prophylaxis and
anthelmintic treatment in goats under traditional
management in southern Tanzania
C.R.C. Hendy 289
31 Health and productivity of trypanotolerant and
susceptible cattle exposed to trypanosomiasis in
Gabon and the impact of strategic chemoprophylaxis
G. Ordner, C. Colardelle, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, P. Dumont
P. Itty, P. Jeannin, S.G.A. Leak, J.H.H. Maehl,
S.M. Nagda, R.W. Paling, J.M. Rarieya, W. Thorpe,
J.C.M. Trail and G. Yangari 310
32 Observations following the cyclical infection with
Trypanosoma congolense of previously uninfected
Baoule and zebu cattle
G. Duvallet, A. Ouedraogo, M. Pinder and A. van
Melick 318
vm .
Economics
33 Livestock development and economic productivity in
tsetse-infested Africa
G. Tacher, H.E. Jahnke, D. Rojat and P. Keil 329
34 Introduction to economic analysis in the African
Trypanotolerant Livestock Network
J. McIntire 350
35 Economic aspects of cattle production and of
chemoprophylaxis for control of trypanosomiasis
in village East African Zebu cattle in Kenya
P. Itty, S. Chema, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, J. Durkin,
S.G.A. Leak, J.H.H. Maehl, S.H. Maloo, F. Mukendi ,
S.M. Nagda, J.M. Rarieya, W. Thorpe and J.C.M. Trail 360
36 Economic aspects of recently introduced trypanotolerant
livestock production under trypanosomiasis risk in
southern Togo
G. Morkramer, A. Defly, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, G. Grundler,
P. Itty, S.G.A. Leak, J.H.H. Maehl, K. Mawuena,
S.M. Nagda, J.M. Rarieya, W. Thorpe and J.CM. Trail 377
37 The socio-economic aspects of livestock production in
villages in northern Cote d'Ivoire
A. Schuetterle and L. Coulibaly 389
38 N'Dama cattle production in relation to nutritional
interventions in villages in The Gambia
J.A. Riley, K. Agyemang, R.H. Dwinger, P. Jeannin,
A.S. Grieve and D.A. Little 399
39 Modelling possible effects of strategic nutritional
interventions on national N'Dama cattle production
in The Gambia
P. Itty 404
Genetics of Trypanotolerance
40 Quantitative genetic approaches to breeding for
genetic resistance to disease in cattle
L.V. Cundiff 413
41 Evaluation of criteria of trypanotolerance
J.CM. Trail, C Colardelle, G.D.M. d'leteren,
P. Dumont, P. Itty, P. Jeannin, J.H.H. Maehl,
S.M. Nagda, G. Ordner, R.W. Paling, J.M. Rarieya,
W. Thorpe and G. Yangari 425
42 Practical possibilities of blood grouping for
parentage information : a pilot study in Zaire
W. Thorpe, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, A. Feron, M. Mundia,
D. Ross, M. Sheria, R. Spooner and J.C.M. Trail 430
IX.
43 Genetic aspects of criteria of trypanotolerance
J.C.M. Trail, G.D.M. d'Ieteren, A. Feron, P. Itty,
0. Kakiese, J.H.H. Maehl , M. Mulungo, S.M. Nagda,
R.W. Paling, M. Pelo, J.M. Rarieya and W. Thorpe 433
44 The bovine MHC and trypanotolerance
A.J. Teale and S.J. Kemp 440
45 Trypanotolerance in East Africa: a summary of studies
in Orma Boran cattle
A.R.. Njogu, A.A. Ismael, R.B. Dolan, G. Okech,
P.D. Sayer, E.A. Opiyo and H. Alushula 447
46 IDEAS : a tool for improved evaluation and utilization
of animal genetic resources
N.M. Wissocq, R. Bell, J. Durkin, G. Gettinby,
D.E. Light and J.C.M. Trail 449
Current and future research
47 Research requirements for livestock development in
tsetse affected areas
C. de Haan 459
48 Network research: future developments
J.C.M. Trail 466
•
List of Authors
Agyemang, K.
ITC, P.O. Box 14, Banjul, The Gambia.
Alushula, H.
KETRI, P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya.
Awuome, K.
CREAT-Avetonou, B.P. 27, Agou Gare, Togo.
Bah, M.L.
ITC, P.O. Box 14, Banjul, The Gambia.
Bell, R.
257 Adventure Drive East, Whitby, Wellington, New Zealand.
Bokovi, K.
DRDR - Sokode, Region d'Elevage Centrale, B.P. 114, SOKODE - Togo.
Chema, S.
Ministry of Livestock Development, P.O. Box 57811, Nairobi, Kenya.
Clair, M.
IEMVT, 10, rue Pierre Curie, 94700 Maisons Alfort, France.
Clifford, D.J.
ITC, P.O. Box 14, Banjul, The Gambia.
Colardelle, C.
OGAPROV, B.P. 245, Moanda, Gabon.
Connor, R.
May & Baker Ltd., P.O. Box 30104, Nairobi, Kenya.
Coulibaly, L.
SODEPRA/GTZ/CIPEA, B.P. 143, Boundiali, Cote d'Ivoire.
xi .
Cundiff, L.V.
USDA, US Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center,
Nebraska 68933, U.S.A.
Defly, A.
CHEAT - Avetonou, B.P. 27, Agou-Gare, Togo.
de Haan, C.
World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
Diarrasouba, I.
SODEPRA/GTZ/CIPEA, B.P. 143, Boundiali, Cote d'Ivoire.
d'Ieteren, G.D.M.
ILCA, P.O. Box 46847, Nairobi, Kenya.
Dolan, R.B.
KETRI, P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi, Kenya.
Duffera, W.
ILCA, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Dumont, P.
OGAPROV, B.P. 245, Moanda, Gabon.
Durkin, J.
ILCA, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Duvallet, G.
CRTA, B.P. 454, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Dwinger, R.H.
ITC, P.O. Box 14, Banjul, The Gambia.
Faye, J.
ITC, P.O. Box 14, Banjul, The Gambia.
Ferguson, W.
via F. Domenico Guerrazzi, No. 12, Int. 2, Monteverde Vecchio,
Rome, Italy.
Feron, A.
c/o Cie J. Van Lancker, B.P. 199, Kinshasa, Zaire.
Gettinby, G.
Department of Mathematics, University of Strathclyde, 26 Richmond
Street, Glasgow Sll XH, U.K.
Girma, T.
ILCA, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Grieve, A.S.
ITC, P.O. Box 14, Banjul, The Gambia.
Grundler, G.
CREAT - Avetonou, B.P. 27, Agou-Gare, Togo.
xn .