Table Of ContentLiveness Detection in Fingerprint
Recognition Systems
Examensarbete utf¨ort i Informationsteori
vid Link¨opings tekniska h¨ogskola
av
Marie Sandstr¨om
Reg nr: LITH-ISY-EX-3557-2004
Linko¨ping 2004
Liveness Detection in Fingerprint
Recognition Systems
Examensarbete utf¨ort i Informationsteori
vid Link¨opings tekniska h¨ogskola
av
Marie Sandstr¨om
Reg nr: LITH-ISY-EX-3557-2004
Supervisor: Fredrik Claesson
Examiner: Viiveke F˚ak
Link¨oping 10th June 2004.
Avdelning, Institution Datum
Division, Department Date
2004-06-04
Institutionen för systemteknik
581 83 LINKÖPING
Språk Rapporttyp ISBN
Language Report category
Svenska/Swedish Licentiatavhandling
ISRN LITH-ISY-EX-3557-2004
X Engelska/English X Examensarbete
C-uppsats
Serietitel och serienummer ISSN
D-uppsats
Title of series, numbering
Övrig rapport
____
URL för elektronisk version
http://www.ep.liu.se/exjobb/isy/2004/3557/
Titel Detektering av Artificiella Fingeravtryck vid Användarautenticiering
Title
Liveness Detection in Fingerprint Recognition Systems
Författare Marie Sandström
Author
Sammanfattning
Abstract
Biometrics deals with identifying individuals with help of their biological data. Fingerprint
scanning is the most common method of the biometric methods available today. The security of
fingerprint scanners has however been questioned and previous studies have shown that
fingerprint scanners can be fooled with artificial fingerprints, i.e. copies of real fingerprints. The
fingerprint recognition systems are evolving and this study will discuss the situation of today.
Two approaches have been used to find out how good fingerprint recognition systems are in
distinguishing between live fingers and artificial clones. The first approach is a literature study,
while the second consists of experiments.
A literature study of liveness detection in fingerprint recognition systems has been performed. A
description of different liveness detection methods is presented and discussed. Methods requiring
extra hardware use temperature, pulse, blood pressure, electric resistance, etc., and methods using
already existent information in the system use skin deformation, pores, perspiration, etc.
The experiments focus on making artificial fingerprints in gelatin from a latent fingerprint. Nine
different systems were tested at the CeBIT trade fair in Germany and all were deceived. Three
other different systems were put up against more extensive tests with three different subjects. All
systems were circumvented with all subjects' artificial fingerprints, but with varying results. The
results are analyzed and discussed, partly with help of the A/R value defined in this report.
Nyckelord
Keyword
biometrics, identification, verification, fingerprints, fingerprint scanners, sensor attacks, artificial
fingerprints, liveness detection
Abstract
Biometrics deals with identifying individuals with help of their biological data.
Fingerprint scanning is the most common method of the biometric methods avail-
able today. The security of fingerprint scanners has however been questioned and
previous studies have shown that fingerprint scanners can be fooled with artificial
fingerprints, i.e. copies of real fingerprints. The fingerprint recognition systems are
evolving and this study will discuss the situation of today.
Two approaches have been used to find out how good fingerprint recognition sys-
tems are in distinguishing between live fingers and artificial clones. The first ap-
proach is a literature study, while the second consists of experiments.
A literature study of liveness detection in fingerprint recognition systems has been
performed. A description of different liveness detection methods is presented and
discussed. Methods requiring extra hardware use temperature, pulse, blood pres-
sure, electric resistance, etc., and methods using already existent information in
the system use skin deformation, pores, perspiration, etc.
The experiments focus on making artificial fingerprints in gelatin from a latent
fingerprint. Nine different systems were tested at the CeBIT trade fair in Germany
and all were deceived. Three other different systems were put up against more
extensive tests with three different subjects. All systems were circumvented with all
subjects’ artificial fingerprints, but with varying results. The results are analyzed
and discussed, partly with help of the A/R value defined in this report.
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Acknowledgment
A number of people have helped me making this thesis work possible. First of
all, I would like to thank everybody at ISY, especially my examiner Viiveke F˚ak,
my supervisor Fredrik Claesson, the Data Transmission group for lending me their
camera, and S¨oren Hansson, who helped me with the PCB production part of
the experiments. I would also like to take the opportunity to thank the Finger-
print Group at the National Laboratory of Forensic Science (SKL), especially Lena
Hallberg and G¨oran Kidfelt.
I could not have performed the experiments without the participants. Thank you
for lending me your fingerprints! The experiments at CeBIT would not have been
able to perform without the companies who let me try their products. Thank you
all for being patient with me!
I would also like to thank the following people who helped me in various ways: Ulf
S¨oderholm, Fredrik Larsson, Bj¨orn Mellstr¨om, Bo Thun´er, Susanne Edlund, Maria
Magnusson Seger, Johan Blomm´e, and Andreas Bergner.
Last but not least, I would like to thank Hannes Lindblom, whom I could not have
done this thesis without.
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