Table Of ContentLive‐Line Operation and
Maintenance of Power
Distribution Networks
Live‐Line Operation and
Maintenance of Power
Distribution Networks
Tianyou Li
State Grid Fujian Electric Power Company Limited, China
Qiujin Lin
Quanzhou Power Bureau, China
Genghuang Chen
Quanzhou Power Bureau, China
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Li, Tianyou, 1963– author. | Lin, Qiujin, 1969– author. |
Chen, Genghuang, 1970– author.
Title: Live line operation and maintenance of power distribution networks / Tianyou Li,
Qiujin Lin, Genghuang Chen.
Description: Singapore ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons Singapore, 2017. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016053366 (print) | LCCN 2017001010 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781119055532 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119055556 (pdf) |
ISBN 9781119055563 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Electric lines–Maintenance and repair. | Electric power distribution. |
Electric networks.
Classification: LCC TK3226 .L447 2017 (print) | LCC TK3226 (ebook) |
DDC 621.319/2–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016053366
Cover design by Wiley
Cover image: courtesy of the authors
Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
v
Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Introduction 1
1 Overview 3
1.1 Basic Concept of Non‐Service Interruption
Working 3
1.1.1 Basic Method of Live Line Working 4
1.1.2 Bypass Working and Mobile Power Working 6
1.2 Development of Working Techniques 8
1.2.1 Development History of Live Line Working 8
1.2.2 From Live Line Working to Live Line Working
Robot 10
1.2.3 Live Line Working by Helicopter 12
1.2.4 Development From Live Line Working to Non‐Service
Interruption Working 15
1.3 Power Supply Reliability and Power Outage
Losses 15
1.3.1 Reliability Indexes 16
1.3.2 Analysis of Indexes of Power Supply Reliability 17
1.3.3 Power Outage Losses 20
1.4 Analysis of Effect of Working Techniques 23
References 26
2 Distribution Grid and Its Working Techniques 27
2.1 Basic Concept of Distribution Grid 27
2.2 Basic Configuration of Distribution Grid 31
vi Contents
2.2.1 Distribution Network Configuration 31
2.2.2 Composition of Overhead Distribution Lines 34
2.2.3 Composition of Distribution Cable Line 50
2.2.4 Other Common Distribution Equipment 54
2.3 Technical Principles of Distribution Non‐Service
Interruption Working 63
2.3.1 Earth Potential Working 65
2.3.2 Middle Potential Working 67
2.3.3 Equipotential Working 69
2.4 Types of Distribution Line Poles and Live Line
Working 70
2.4.1 Classification of Pole Types 70
2.4.2 Conductor Spacing in Tower and Spacing Between
Conductors and Surroundings 72
2.4.3 Types of Poles Suitable for Live Line Working 75
References 77
3 Theoretical Basis of Working Techniques 79
3.1 Analysis of Influence of Electricity on Human
Bodies 79
3.1.1 Influence Brought by Current on Human
Bodies 79
3.1.2 Influence of Electric Field on Human Bodies 81
3.2 Overvoltage During Working 84
3.2.1 Switching Overvoltage 85
3.2.2 Temporary Overvoltage 86
3.3 Dielectric Properties 89
3.3.1 Conductance and Insulation Resistance
of Dielectric 89
3.3.2 Breakdown Strength and Discharge Characteristic
of Dielectric 94
3.4 Insulation Coordination and Safety Spacing 101
3.4.1 Insulation Coordination 101
3.4.2 Safety Spacing 107
References 110
4 Common Working Tools and Usages 111
4.1 Insulating Tools 111
4.1.1 Common Insulating Materials 111
4.1.2 Insulating Poles 114
Contents vii
4.1.3 Insulating Ropes and Cords 118
4.2 Protective Appliances 122
4.2.1 Insulating Shielding Appliances 123
4.2.2 Insulating Blanket (Mat) 125
4.2.3 Insulating Protective Appliances 126
4.3 Other Working Tools 131
4.3.1 Tensioner 131
4.3.2 Insulating Tape Lever Hoist 132
4.3.3 Instruments and Meters 133
4.4 The Making of Working Tools 139
4.4.1 Material Selection 139
4.4.2 Design and Processing 141
4.4.3 Simulation Drill and Practical Application 144
4.5 The Usage and Management of Working Tools 146
4.5.1 Storage and Maintenance of Live Line Working
Tools 146
4.5.2 Warehouse of Live Line Working Tools
and Management 147
4.5.3 Modern Identifications and Intelligent Management
of Tools 160
References 161
5 Test Techniques for Working Tools 163
5.1 Test Items 163
5.1.1 Classification of Tests 163
5.1.2 Test Items 164
5.1.3 Technical Standards of Tests 166
5.2 Test of Common Insulating Tools 169
5.2.1 Test of Insulating Pole 169
5.2.2 Test of Insulating Tackle 177
5.2.3 Test of Insulating Hard Ladder 178
5.2.4 Test of Insulating Rope 180
5.2.5 Test of Insulating Hand Tool 184
5.2.6 Test of Insulating Shielding Cover 187
5.2.7 Test of Insulating Blanket (Mat) 191
5.2.8 Test of Insulating Clothing (Shawls) 193
5.2.9 Test of Insulating Gloves 195
5.2.10 Test of Insulating Shoes (Boots) 197
5.2.11 Test of Insulating Helmet 198
References 200
viii Contents
6 Application of Aerial Device with Insulating Boom
and Insulating Platform 201
6.1 Aerial Device with Insulating Boom 201
6.1.1 Introduction to Aerial Device
with Insulating Boom 201
6.1.2 Use and Operation of Aerial Device with Insulating
Boom 205
6.1.3 Maintenance and Service of Aerial Device
with Insulating Boom 213
6.1.4 Test of Aerial Device with Insulating Boom 215
6.2 Insulating Platform 226
6.2.1 Introduction to Insulating Platform 226
6.2.2 Use and Maintenance of Insulating Platform 228
6.2.3 Test of Insulating Platform 229
6.3 Operational Robot 236
6.3.1 Introduction to Operational Robots 236
6.3.2 Working Tools 248
6.3.3 Test of Insulation Performance 251
References 255
7 Medium‐Voltage Distribution Live Line Working 257
7.1 Basic Working Procedures and Methods 257
7.1.1 Meteorological Conditions for Working 257
7.1.2 Basic Working Procedures 260
7.1.3 Working Instructions 264
7.1.4 Basic Working Methods 265
7.2 Working Techniques for Simple and Regular
Works 269
7.2.1 Repairing Conductors 269
7.2.2 Live Line Connection (Removal) of No‐Load
By‐Pass Jumpers 272
7.2.3 Replacing Tension Insulators 286
7.2.4 Replacing Cross Arms and Insulators in a
Suspension Pole 290
7.2.5 Replacing Lightening Arresters 293
7.3 Working Techniques for Complex
and Comprehensive Works 296
7.3.1 Live Line Installation of a Pole 296
7.3.2 Replacing a Suspension Pole 310
7.3.3 Changing a Suspension Pole to a Tension Pole 316
Contents ix
7.3.4 On‐Load Replacement of Pole‐Mounted
Switches 322
7.3.5 On‐Load Installation of Pole‐Mounted Breakers 332
References 337
8 Low‐Voltage Distribution Live Line Working 339
8.1 Key Working Techniques 339
8.1.1 Safety Measures for Working 339
8.1.2 Technical Measures for Working 342
8.2 Working Items and Methods 343
8.2.1 Live Line Connection of a Low‐Voltage Service
Conductor 343
8.2.2 Connection of Power Source for a Low‐Voltage
Distribution Box 345
8.2.3 Live Line Treatment of a Broken Service
Conductor 347
8.2.4 Live Line Replacement of a Three‐Phase Four‐Wire
Watt‐Hour Meter 348
8.2.5 Live Line Isolation of a Failed Watt‐Hour
Meter 350
References 351
9 Bypass Working and Mobile Power Working 353
9.1 B asic Methods of Bypass Working 353
9.1.1 Bypass Cable Method 354
9.1.2 Bypass Overhead Line Method 359
9.1.3 Safety Measures for Bypass Working 363
9.2 Mobile Generation Working Techniques 364
9.2.1 Operating Principle and Wiring 365
9.2.2 Operations of Mobile Generator Vehicle 366
9.2.3 Method of Power Supply by Mobile Generator
Vehicle 371
9.3 EPS Working Techniques 374
9.3.1 Operating Principle of EPS 374
9.3.2 Operations of EPS Vehicle 378
9.3.3 Operating Essentials of Power Supply by EPS
Vehicle 379
9.3.4 Maintenance of EPS Vehicle 381
9.4 Mobile Prefabricated Transformer Working
Techniques 384
x Contents
9.4.1 Power Supply Principle of Mobile Prefabricated
Transformer 384
9.4.2 Changing Pole‐Mounted Transformer 386
9.5 Cable Non‐Service Interruption Working
Techniques 391
9.5.1 Overview of Power Supply Using Bypass Cable 391
9.5.2 Equipment Commonly Used for Working 393
9.5.3 Main Working Techniques 403
References 432
10 Working Management and Emergency Measures 433
10.1 Work Management 433
10.1.1 Organization and Management 433
10.1.2 Safety Management 435
10.1.3 Relevant Regulations and Technical Standards 437
10.1.4 Working Management Documents 438
10.1.5 Management of New Working Subjects 439
10.1.6 Management of New R&D Projects 441
10.2 Training and Management of Workers 441
10.2.1 Induction Training of New Workers 442
10.2.2 Daily Training of Workers 442
10.2.3 Assessment and Management of Workers 443
10.2.4 Training Base 443
10.3 Emergency Measures for Working 444
10.3.1 Emergency Measures for Abrupt Change
of Weather 445
10.3.2 Emergency Measures for Failure of Major Working
Tools 446
10.3.3 Emergency Measures for Personal Injuries 448
10.3.4 Training and Drill 453
References 453
Annex: Distribution Non‐service Interruption
Working Instructions (Template) 455
Appendix 1: General Guidelines for Safety of
Live Line Working 467
Appendix 2: Technical Guidelines for Common
Working Tools 477
Index 501
