Table Of ContentLiturgy, Books and Franciscan Identity in Medieval Umbria
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The Medieval Franciscans
General Editor
Steven J. McMichael
VOLUME 12
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/tmf
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Liturgy, Books and Franciscan
Identity in Medieval Umbria
By
Anna Welch
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Cover illustration: Folio 182r from the Codex Sancti Paschalis, on deposit at the State Library of Victoria.
Photograph provided by the State Library of Victoria and reproduced with kind permission of the Order of
Friars Minor, Province of the Holy Spirit (Australia and New Zealand).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Welch, Anna
Liturgy, books, and Franciscan identity in medieval Umbria / by Anna Welch.
pages cm. -- (The medieval Franciscans, 1572-6991 ; VOLUME 12)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-27883-7 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-30467-3 (e-book : alk. paper)
1. Franciscans--Liturgy. 2. Missals--Italy--Umbria--History. 3. Manuscripts, Medieval--Italy--Umbria.
4. Manuscripts, Latin--Italy--Umbria. 5. Illumination of books and manuscripts. 6. Franciscans--Italy--
Umbria--Manuscripts. 7. Franciscans--Italy--Umbria. I. Title.
BX2049.F7Z78 2015
264’.0200945650902--dc23
2015032446
This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering
Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities.
For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface.
issn 1572-6991
isbn 978-90-04-27883-7 (hardback)
isbn 978-90-04-30467-3 (e-book)
Copyright 2016 by Anna Welch. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Hotei Publishing.
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Fees are subject to change.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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Contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of Plates xi
Abbreviations xii
Introduction 1
The Codex Sancti Paschalis 6
Limitations, Terms and Definitions 16
1 The Silent Parchment? A New Methodology for the Study of Missals 20
1.1 The Historiography of Illuminated Liturgical Manuscripts 20
1.2 Art History and the Codex Sancti Paschalis 23
Maestro di Deruta-Salerno 32
Venturella di Pietro 33
Mss. Linked to the CSP and/or Mss. Listed above, Without
Specific Attribution to a Master/School 34
1.3 Selection Rationale for the Missals under Study 35
1.4 Towards a New Model for Manuscript Studies: Liturgical
History Meets Ritual and Performance Theory 40
2 Quarrelling Brothers – Liturgy and Identity, 1209–1274 51
2.1 The Narrative of Franciscan Liturgical History 51
2.2 Franciscan Liturgy: The Regula Editions? 54
2.2.1 The Regula Missal 55
2.2.2 The Regula Breviary 66
2.3 Elias of Cortona to Haymo of Faversham: The Concept of a
Second Founder 71
2.3.1 Haymo’s Ordinal 76
2.3.2 The Question of Liturgical Unity 78
2.4 John of Parma to Bonaventure: The Difficulties of Achieving
Liturgical Unity 79
2.5 The Friars Minor, Liturgy and Identity in the Thirteenth Century 87
3 The Order of Friars Minor and the Book 92
3.1 The Scribes 92
3.2 The Miniaturists 100
3.2.1 Friar-Miniaturists in a Scriptorium in Assisi? 102
3.2.2 Scholarly Conceptualisation of a Simplistic Franciscan Decorative
Style and Its Meaning 106
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vi Contents
3.3 ‘Pauperistico’? Franciscan Spirituality in Perugian Miniatures 116
3.3.1 Crucifixion Miniatures from the Selected Missals 117
3.4 Conclusions 131
4 Calendars – Comparing the Evidence 133
4.1 The Historiography and Methodology of Studying Sainthood,
Liturgical Calendars and the Commemoration of Saints 134
4.2 Short Catalogue Entries for CSP and B–E: Codicology
and Provenance 138
4.3 The Calendars Compared 148
Key to Symbols and Abbreviations 149
4.4 Conclusions 174
5 Celebrating Saints – Articulating Communal Identity through
Liturgy 175
5.1 Selection of Feasts for Analysis; Methodology 175
5.2 The Feasts in CSP and B–E 178
5.2.1 Feasts of St. Francis 178
5.2.2 Feasts of St. Anthony of Padua 181
5.2.3 Feasts of St. Clare 183
5.2.4 Feast of Elisabeth of Hungary 185
5.2.5 Feast of St. Louis of Toulouse 185
5.2.6 Feast of St. Louis ix, King of France 186
5.2.7 Feasts of St. Herculanus, Bishop of Perugia 188
5.2.8 Feast of Ubaldo, Patron Saint of Gubbio 188
5.2.9 Feast of St. Dominic 189
5.2.10 Feast of St. Peter Martyr (of Verona) 189
5.2.11 Feast of Augustine of Hippo 190
5.2.12 Feast of St. Bernard of Clairvaux 190
5.2.13 Feasts of the Virgin 190
5.3 Categories of Interpretation 194
5.3.1 Rubrication 194
5.3.2 Wording of the Entries 195
5.3.3 Inclusion/Exclusion of Localised Feasts in a) Calendar and
b) Proper of the Saints 196
5.3.4 Inclusion/Exclusion of Feasts from Other Orders (i.e.
Dominicans and Cistercians) 198
5.3.5 Relationship to Roman Curia’s Calendar 200
5.3.6 Additions and Absences 201
5.3.7 Adherence to Haymo’s Ordinal 202
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Contents vii
Conclusions and Directions for Future Research
The Codex Sancti Paschalis from the Thirteenth to the
Twenty-First Centuries 204
Liturgy’s Role in the Construction of Communal Identity amongst the
Medieval Order of Friars Minor 204
Questions for Future Research 214
The Codex Sancti Paschalis as a Site of Communal Memory 216
Appendix 1 P revious Studies of the Codex Sancti Paschalis 219
Appendix 2 Liturgical Contents of the Codex Sancti Paschalis 224
Bibliography 247
1. Primary 247
1.1 Manuscripts Consulted 248
2. Secondary 249
Index of Modern Authors 265
Index of Subjects 267
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Acknowledgements
It is with deep gratitude and affection that I acknowledge the many people
who have enabled me to complete this book, a labour of love as well as learning.
My principal supervisors, Dr. Claire Renkin and Professor Constant J. Mews,
have been a consistent source of guidance, knowledge and kindness. I also
gratefully acknowledge and thank Rev. Dr. Paul Chandler O. Carm, Dr. Barry
Collett, Professor William M. Johnston, Professor emeritus Margaret Manion
and Professor Bernard Muir, who taught me the skills to undertake this
research, and who supported and guided the project in its earlier stages. I am
privileged and thankful to have been mentored by all these scholars.
The Province of the Holy Spirit of the Order of Friars Minor has supported
me both financially and personally since the beginning of this research in 2005.
I especially thank Fr. Stephen Bliss ofm, Fr. Paul Smith ofm (current Provincial
Vicar), Fr. Campion Murray ofm and Fr. Angelo O’Hagan ofm for their friend-
ship and belief in this project.
I thank the University of Divinity for its support of my studies and for the
provision of an Australian Postgraduate Award to fund this research. I particu-
larly thank Professor Mark Lindsay and Rev. Dr. Michael Kelly CSsR. My thanks
also go to the Australian European University Institute Fellowship Association,
which, by awarding me a postgraduate fellowship at the European University
Institute in 2007, facilitated the bulk of my research in Italian manuscript col-
lections. I thank Federica Parretti and everyone at the Villa Palmerino for their
hospitality and friendship during my time in Firenze. I also thank the arc-
funded Network for Early European Research (neer), which has provided me
with many opportunities for training and for the exchange of ideas with my
fellow Australian postgraduates and with established researchers.
I thank the wonderful librarians, archivists, conservators and museum staff
who have so generously facilitated my research, especially those at the following
institutions: St. Paschal Library (Order of Friars Minor, Box Hill, Melbourne),
the State Library of Victoria (Melbourne), the Academic Centre Library
(Newman and St. Mary’s Colleges, the University of Melbourne), the Museo
Capitolare (Perugia), the Biblioteca Augusta (Perugia), the Sacro Convento
(Assisi), the Biblioteca Comunale e dell’Accademia Etrusca (Cortona) and the
Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana (Firenze). My special thanks go to Miranda
Fyfield (St. Paschal Library) for preparing the index to this volume, and to
Katrina Ben (State Library of Victoria), who generously allowed me to witness
and learn from the conservation and rebinding of the Codex Sancti Paschalis.
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x Acknowledgements
As I have worked to turn a thesis into a book, I have been grateful for the
support of Jacques Dalarun and Timothy J. Johnson, as well as that of my col-
leagues at the State Library of Victoria and the National Gallery of Victoria. My
sincere thanks go to Steven J. McMichael and Marcella Mulder at Brill for
giving me the opportunity to contribute to this series, and also to the reader,
whose suggestions and criticisms assisted me to refine and improve this text.
Last but certainly not least, I thank my talented family and friends for
their professional and emotional support throughout this research: Miranda
Fyfield, Martin Welch, Julian Welch, Celia Welch, Andrew Ritchie, Ingrid
Brooker and Elisa Webb, thank you for graphic design, editorial work, the loca-
tion of obscure reference material, meals provided, and late-night discussions
of medieval Franciscan liturgy over comforting pots of tea.
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