Lithosphere Dynamics and Sedimentary Basins of the Arabian Plate and Surrounding Areas

211 Pages·2017·28.84 MB·English

by  François Roure

Frontiers in Earth Sciences
François Roure
Ammar A. Amin
Sami Khomsi
Mansour A.M. Al Garni Editors
Lithosphere Dynamics
and Sedimentary Basins
of the Arabian Plate and
Surrounding Areas
Frontiers in Earth Sciences
Series editors
J.P. Brun, Rennes, France
O. Oncken, Potsdam, Germany
H. Weissert, Zürich, Switzerland
W.-C. Dullo, Kiel, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7066
François Roure Ammar A. Amin
(cid:129)
Sami Khomsi Mansour A.M. Al Garni
(cid:129)
Editors
Lithosphere Dynamics
and Sedimentary Basins
of the Arabian Plate
and Surrounding Areas
123
Editors
FrançoisRoure AmmarA.Amin
Geosciences Faculty of EarthSciences
IFPEN KingAbdulaziz University
Rueil-Malmaison Cedex Jeddah
France SaudiArabia
and Sami Khomsi
Faculty of EarthSciences
Tectonic Group KingAbdulaziz University
UtrechtUniversity Jeddah
Utrecht SaudiArabia
TheNetherlands
MansourA.M. AlGarni
Department ofPhysical Geology
Faculty of EarthSciences
KingAbdulaziz University
Jeddah
SaudiArabia
ISSN 1863-4621 ISSN 1863-463X (electronic)
Frontiers in EarthSciences
ISBN978-3-319-44725-4 ISBN978-3-319-44726-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-44726-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016951663
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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Foreword
On behalf of King Abdulaziz University (KAU), it gives me pleasure to introduce this
important book dealing with the Geology of the Arabian world and circum-Arabian geology.
This book edited by Prof. F. Roure (IFPEN, Paris, France) and Prof. A.A. Amin, M.A.
Al-Garni and S. Khomsi (the three from KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) illustrates the impor-
tanceofinternationalscientificcooperationandconstitutesanimportantachievementmadeby
theFacultyofEarth Sciences atKAU. Iwanttoacknowledge here thepertinent effortsmade
by the editors as well as the importance of this book as a vector for better understanding the
Geology of the Arabian world. The different authors of the valuable chapters of this book
presentveryinnovativeandup-to-dateresearchesintheirfieldsofexpertisewithawiderange
of geological topics covering different themes: petroleum/reservoirs potentialities, geody-
namics, sedimentary basins modeling, geophysics and structural geology.
I would like to acknowledge Springer for giving this opportunity within its regional
geology series, thus ensuring a wide dissemination of these various chapters.
I congratulate all the editorial teams involved in this work and we are proud of such an
international platform in which KAU will be also involved again in the future.
I hope every reader will enjoy the insightful scientific facts which this book is containing.
Prof. Abdulrahman O. Al-Youbi
v
Contents
Part I Lithosphere Architecture
Crustal and Upper Mantle Structures Beneath the Arabian
Shield and Red Sea. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
Abdullah Al Amri, K. Abdelrahman, M.O. Andreae and M. Al-Dabbagh
Part II Reservoirs, Conduits and Fluids
Architectural and Hydraulic Characteristics of Fault Zones in the Mesozoic
Carbonate Formations of Central and Eastern Saudi Arabia .... .... ..... .... 33
Mohamed Al Mahmoud
Optimal Aquifers and Reservoirs for CCS and EOR in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia: An Overview.... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 51
Marwan Jaju, Fadi Henri Nader, François Roure and Liviu Matenco
Tectonostratigraphic Study of Carbonate Breccias (Calciturbidites)
in the Upper Triassic Baluti Formation (Northern Iraq): New Insights
on Tethyan Geodynamics.... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
Sa’ad Z.A. Kader Al-Mashaikie
Part III Tectonic Styles: From Rifts and Salt Tectonics to Foreland
Inversions and Thrust Tectonics
Structural and Stratigraphic Architecture of the Corinth Rift (Greece):
An Integrated Onshore to Offshore Basin-Scale Synthesis... .... .... ..... .... 89
Sébastien Rohais and Isabelle Moretti
Styles of Salt Tectonics in the Sab’atayn Basin, Onshore Yemen . .... ..... .... 121
Gabor Tari, Rudi Dellmour, Emma Rodgers, Chloe Asmar, Peter Hagedorn
and Adel Salman
The Effect of the Palmyra Trough and Mesozoic Structures on the Levant
Margin and on the Evolution of the Levant Restraining Bend ... .... ..... .... 149
Ramadan Galhyani, Jean-Marc Daniel, Catherine Homberg, Fadi Henri Nader,
Romain Darnault, Jean-Marie Mengus and Eric Barrier
Tectonic Style and Structural Features of Alpine-Himalayan Orogeny
in Central Arabia .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 173
Abdullah O. Bamousa, Abdullah M. Memesh, Saleh M. Dini
and Ali A. Al-Zahrani
vii
viii Contents
Fast-Track 2D Seismic Processing While Drilling to Ameliorate Foothills
Exploration and Optimize Well Trajectory: An Example from the Central
Kurdistan Region of Iraq.... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 187
François Sapin, Hassan Allouche, Grégoire Sterbecq, Bertrand Chevallier
and Boerre Eriksen
About the Editors
François Roure was trained at the ENS in St-Cloud in France.
He got his Ph.D. at Paris VI University in 1979 and his “thèse
d’état” in 1984 at the same university, dealing the geodynamic
evolutionoftheNorthAmericanCordillerainnorthernCalifornia
andOregonduringtheMesozoic.After4yearsspentwithCNRS
(1980–1984),hejoinedtheFrenchInstituteofPetroleum(IFP)in
1984, and was still senior geosciences advisor at IFP Energies
nouvelles (http://www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.fr), the current name
offormer IFP, from 2000 to 2016, extraordinary professor at the
University of Utrecht, the Netherlands, from 2012 to 2016, and
member of the CNE2 (French assessment board for research and
thestudiesintothemanagement ofradioactivewasteandmaterials,http://www.cne2.fr)from
2010 to 2016. Together with Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth from GFZ, François was also
leading from 2005 till 2015 the Task Force 6 on Sedimentary basins from the International
Lithosphere Program (ILP, with support form IUGS and IUGG, http://www.scl-ilp.org/).
Until 1995, his main research topic was the crustal architecture of the Alps and Pyrenees
(Ecorsprogram),andthepetroleumsystemsofforelandfold-and-thrustbeltsintheApennines,
Carpathians, Albania, Sicily, Alaska and Venezuela.
AfterasabbaticalyearspentattheUSGSinMenlo-Park,California(1994–1995),François
initiated numerous international joint industry projects for reservoir appraisal (SubTrap,
Sub-thrustreservoirappraisal)intheHimalayanfoothillsinPakistan,insub-Andeanbasinsin
VenezuelaandColombia,aswellasintheNorthAmericanCordillera(MexicoandCanadian
Rockies). More recently, he was also involved in the study of the crustal architecture of the
Northern Emirates and North Algeria (Tellian and offshore domains).
(cid:129) Charles Jacob prize from the French Academy of Sciences (1996)
(cid:129) Distinguished Lecturer for the AAPG (1998)
(cid:129) Alfred Wegener prize from the EAGE (2010)
(cid:129) André Dumont medal from Geologica Belgica (2012)
AmmarA.Amin professorofGeologicalHazardsgothisPh.D.
at East Anglia University, UK August 1994.
Since2010,heworksasDeanofthefacultyofEarthSciences,
KingAbdulazizUniversity(KAU),Jeddah,SaudiArabia.During
his career in KAU he had involved in several administrative and
academic positions. He worked as vice dean for development,
vice dean for postgraduate studies, head of geoengineering
department, KAU Supervisor General of the Co-supervision of
Graduate Studies, Chairman of KAU Central Laboratories.
Currently in addition to his responsibility as Dean, he is a
memberofseveralimportantcommittees suchas KAUScientific
Council and KAU Council.
ix
x AbouttheEditors
ProfessorAmmarcollaboratedwithmajorinstitutionswithinSaudiArabiaandtheglobeon
earthsciencesstudies,academicdevelopment,accreditation,scientificdonations,communities
services programs, e-learning and female co-supervision of graduate studies.
He also has experience in engineering geology for roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, envi-
ronmental regulations and evaluating disaster plans, environmental geological hazards and
cracks resulting from the melting of ground limestone.
His main research interests include geological hazards, environmental risks, groundwater
hazards, site selection of solid waste disposal, designating sustainable landfill, geotechnical
hazardassociatedwithdesertenvironment,causesoflandsubsidence,karsthazardandcrustal
subsidence due to groundwater.
SamiKhomsi gothisPh.D.atTunisUniversityin2004andhis
HDR (Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches) in the same uni-
versity in 2015.
Since 2011, he works in the Department of Petroleum
Geology and Sedimentology, in the faculty of Earth Sciences,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He worked
also in different universities in Tunisia and France. Past
employment within academia (research and teaching) and
industry in the upstream activities: exploration, sites survey,
prospects evaluation and professional expert training (field trip
leader for professionals, coaching of geoscientists, etc.) in basin
analysis involving basin modeling, structural analysis and balanced cross sections. Sami
collaboratedwithmajoroilcompaniesinEasternMaghrebonfieldstudies,structuralanalysis
offold-thruststructures,subsurfacereservoircharacterizationsandseismicinterpretations.He
also has experience in geophysical methods involving fast processing and interpretation of
seismic reflexion sections in terms of structural geology-investigation- evaluation of plays,
characterization offractured reservoirs and subsurface mapping.
His main research interests include geometry, kinematics and dynamics of fold-thrust
systems and foreland basins in North Africa Middle East and the Mediterranean realm,
fractured reservoir analogues, applying structural analysis and subsurface techniques in the
characterisations of drillable structures and structural evaluation of traps using regional cross
sections at large scale as well as structural subsurface based on regional seismic reflection
profiles in different basins.
Prof. Dr. Mansour A.M. Al Garni received a BS (1993) in
Geophysics from King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Saudi
Arabia, an MS (1996) in Geophysics from Colorado School of
Mines (CSM), Golden, Colorado, USA, and a Ph.D. (2001) in
Geophysics from Texas A&M University (TAMU), College
Station,Texas,USA.In1993,heworkedasageophysicistatthe
Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, United States
GeologicalSurvey,Jeddah,SaudiArabia,andasademonstrator
of geophysics at KAU, where in 2002 he became Assistant
Professor of Geophysics. He has been promoted to Associate
ProfessorofGeophysicsin2006andpromotedtoFullProfessor
of Geophysics in 2010. Furthermore, he has been assigned as the chairman of geophysics
department (2003–2011), vice dean (2014), and vice dean for graduate studies and scientific
research (2015–Now). His research interests are controlled-source electromagnetic induction,
electrical methods, gravity and magnetic methods, near-surface applied geophysics, forward
and inverse modeling, environmental and engineering geophysics, environmental site char-
acterization, ground penetrating radar, hydrogeophysics, and mining geophysics: theory, data