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Lithium in Neuropsychiatry
The Comprehensive Guide
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Lithium in Neuropsychiatry
The Comprehensive Guide
Editors
Michael Bauer MD PhD
Professor of Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine Berlin,
Berlin, Germany
Paul Grof MD PhD FRCP
Director of the Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa and Professor of Psychiatry,
University of Toronto, Canada
Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen MD
Professor Emeritus of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Freie Universität Berlin,
Chairman of the Drug Commission of the German Medical Association, Germany
CRC Press
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Contents
Dedication to Professor Schou viii
List of contributors ix
Foreword by Kay Redfield Jamison xvii
Preface by the editors xix
A. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
1. Lithium: a fascinating element in neuropsychiatry 3
Philip H Cogen, Peter C Whybrow
2. History of lithium treatment 9
Mogens Schou, Paul Grof
3. The lithium story: a journey from obscurity to popular use in North America 17
Samuel Gershon, Chad Daversa
4. Different views on the use of lithium across continents 25
Daniel Z Lieberman, Jaclyn Saggese, Frederick K Goodwin
5. The position of lithium in international and national guidelines for the treatment 33
of mood disorders
Nicolas Andres Crossley, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, Tasha Glenn, Michael Bauer
6. Facing two demons: lithium therapy from a patient’s point of view 43
Marylou Selo
B. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Mood and related disorders
7. Lithium in the treatment of acute mania 59
Rasmus W Licht
8. Maintenance treatment with lithium in bipolar disorder 73
John R Geddes, Guy M Goodwin
9. Effectiveness of lithium in naturalistic settings 87
Mario Maj
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vi Lithium in Neuropsychiatry: The Comprehensive Guide
10. Lithium maintenance of unipolar depression 99
John M Davis
11. The acute antidepressive effects of lithium: from monotherapy to augmentation 109
therapy in major depression
Michael Bauer, Nicolas Andres Crossley, Sonja Gerber, Tom Bschor
12. Lithium in schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia 129
Christopher Baethge, Christian Simhandl
13. Lithium in rapid cycling bipolar disorder 145
David J Muzina, Michael Bauer, Joseph R Calabrese
14. Responders to long-term lithium treatment 157
Paul Grof
15. The suicide-preventive and mortality-reducing effect of lithium 179
Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, Bernd Ahrens, Werner Felber
Special populations and applications in medicine
16. Lithium treatment in children and adolescents: a selected review and 193
integration of research findings
Anne Duffy
17. Lithium in the elderly 207
Laszlo Gyulai, Robert C Young, Johanna Sasse
18. Women and lithium treatment 217
Bettina Schmitz, Christof Schaefer, Andrea Pfennig
19. Therapeutic and prophylactic effects of lithium on pathological aggression 227
Jeffrey Bierbrauer, Agneta Nilsson, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, Michael Bauer
20. The use of lithium in non-psychiatric conditions 237
Tom Bschor, Ute Lewitzka, Mazda Adli
Effects on body systems
21. Lithium and the kidneys 251
Mogens Schou, Dieter Kampf
22. Effect of lithium on the thyroid and endocrine glands 259
John H Lazarus, George Kirov, Brian B Harris
23. Adverse neurological and neurotoxic effects of lithium therapy 271
Oliver Pogarell, Malte Folkerts, Ulrich Hegerl
24. Gastrointestinal, metabolic and body-weight changes during treatment with lithium 283
Janusz K Rybakowski, Aleksandra Suwalska
25. Lithium and its cardiovascular effects 295
Jeffrey Bierbrauer, Jochen Albrecht, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen
26. Dermatologic effects of lithium: adverse reactions and potential therapeutic utility 303
Andrea Pfennig, Dorian Deshauer, Gisela Albrecht
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Contents vii
C. PHARMACOLOGY AND MECHANISMS
27. Lithium: its chemistry, distribution and transport in the body 311
Nick J Birch
28. Pharmacokinetics of lithium 321
Martin Alda
29. Interaction of lithium with neurotransmitter systems: serotonin and others 329
Georg Juckel, Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou
30. Lithium and cellular signal transduction pathways 341
Dietrich van Calker
31. Effects of lithium on gene expression 365
Jun-Feng Wang, L Trevor Young
32. Potential use of lithium in neurodegenerative disorders 381
De-Maw Chuang, Josef Priller
33. The effects of lithium on the immune system 399
Mohammed S Inayat, Vincent S Gallicchio
34. Lithium in neuropsychiatry: results from brain imaging studies 415
E Serap Monkul, Jair C Soares
35. Genetic factors and response to lithium treatment 423
Martin Alda, Paul Grof, Petr Zvolsky
36. Effects of lithium on behavior and cognition in animals and healthy humans 433
Robert H Belmaker, Alona Shaldubina, Yuly Bersudsky
D. PRACTICAL ISSUES
37. Recommendations for the safe use of lithium 443
Anne Berghöfer, Paul Grof, Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen
38. Latency, discontinuation and re-use of lithium treatment 465
Ross J Baldessarini, Leonardo Tondo, Gianni L Faedda, Adele C Viguera,
Christopher Baethge, Paola Salvatore, Irene M Bratti, John Hennen
39. Compliance with long-term lithium treatment 483
Per Vestergaard, Krista Nielsen Straarup, Kenneth Thau
40. Lithium intoxication: signs and treatment 491
Frank Martens
41. The Lithium Information Center 501
James W Jefferson, John H Greist, Margaret G Baudhuin, Bette L Hartley,
David J Katzelnick
42. Economics of lithium prophylaxis in bipolar disorders 505
Anne Berghöfer
Index 513
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Dedication
Prof Dr Dr hon MOGENS SCHOU (1918–2005)
This book is dedicated to MOGENS SCHOU who taught all of us how to use lithium in
neuropsychiatry. Once he discovered lithium’s prophylactic action in mood disorders, he researched
tirelessly all its aspects and did not spare any effort to make the treatment available to all those in need,
the millions of patients with recurrent mood disorders.
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Contributors
Editors Contributors
Michael Bauer, MD PhD Mazda Adli, MD
Professor of Psychiatry Supervising Psychiatrist
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Charité University Medicine Berlin Charité University Medicine Berlin
Campus Charité Mitte Campus Charité Mitte
Berlin Berlin
Germany Germany
Paul Grof, MD, PhD, FRCP Bernd Ahrens, MD
Director, Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa Privatdozent
Ottawa, Ontario Arcus Institute for Disease Management
Canada Office Luebeck
and Luebeck
Professor of Psychiatry Germany
University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario Gisela Albrecht, MD
Canada Vivantes Clinic Spandau
Director, Clinic for Dermatology and
Bruno Müller-Oerlinghausen, MD Allergology
Professor Emeritus of Clinical Berlin
Psychopharmacology Germany
Freie Universität Berlin
and Jochen Albrecht, MD
Chairman, Drug Commission of the German Head,
Medical Association Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy
Berlin Charité University Medicine Berlin
Germany St. Hedwig Krankenhaus
Berlin
Germany
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